Association between glucose levels of children with type 1 diabetes and parental economic status in mobile health application

BACKGROUND The glycemic control of children with type 1 diabetes(T1D)may be influenced by the economic status of their parents.AIM To investigate the association between parental economic status and blood glucose levels of children with T1D using a mobile health application.METHODS Data from children with T1D in China's largest T1D online community,Tang-TangQuan■.Blood glucose levels were uploaded every three months and parental economic status was evaluated based on annual household income.Children were divided into three groups:Low-income(<30000 Yuan),middle-income(30000-100000 Yuan),and high-income(>100000 yuan)(1 Yuan=0.145 United States Dollar approximately).Blood glucose levels were compared among the groups and associations were explored using Spearman’s correlation analysis and multivariable logistic regression.RESULTS From September 2015 to August 2022,1406 eligible children with T1D were included(779 female,55.4%).Median age was 8.1 years(Q1-Q3:4.6-11.6)and duration of T1D was 0.06 years(0.02-0.44).Participants were divided into three groups:Low-income(n=320),middle-income(n=724),and high-income(n=362).Baseline hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels were comparable among the three groups(P=0.072).However,at month 36,the low-income group had the highest HbA1c levels(P=0.036).Within three years after registration,glucose levels increased significantly in the low-income group but not in the middle-income and high-income groups.Parental economic status was negatively correlated with pre-dinner glucose(r=-0.272,P=0.012).After adjustment for confounders,parental economic status remained a significant factor related to pre-dinner glucose levels(odds ratio=13.02,95%CI:1.99 to 126.05,P=0.002).CONCLUSION The blood glucose levels of children with T1D were negatively associated with parental economic status.It is suggested that parental economic status should be taken into consideration in the management of T1D for children.

The Development of the “Monitoring Application for Inappropriate Expressions in Nursing Records”for PsyNACS©

Lengthening periods of hospitalization, increasing numbers of patients with age-related complications, and a shortage of nursing staff have been of great concern in medical psychiatry in Japan. Under these circumstances, countries such as Japan that face a super-aging society and a decline in the working-age population, have been recommended for use of advanced information and communications technology (ICT) to improve the efficiency of medical treatment and care. This study aims to develop the “Monitoring Application for Inappropriate Expressions in Nursing Records” for using PsyNACS©, which will enable psychiatric nursing plans to harness the advantages of ICT. The functions considered necessary are as follows: 1) identification of users who enter information;2) a necessary database for lists of inappropriate expressions;3) development of a matching function to recommend proper writing input and a warning function;and 4) a management function for an inappropriate expression list database. A demonstration experiment for developing the application in this study was conducted at a specialized psychiatric hospital. To introduce them to the application, nurses and nurse managers were informed about the system developed in this study, and a survey regarding their opinions on the functions of the application was conducted with ten nurse managers. The results were evaluated in terms of usefulness for nursing care, documentation, and the education of nurses from an ethical perspective. This study suggests that matching their input with an inappropriate expression database will allow nurses to record more appropriate expressions. From an ethical perspective, the ability to use appropriate expressions makes records more likely to withstand disclosure requests from patients and their families.

The potential mechanism and clinical application value of remote ischemic conditioning in stroke

Some studies have confirmed the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning against stroke. Although numerous animal researches have shown that the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning may be related to neuroinflammation, cellular immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. This review summarizes the current status of different types of remote ischemic conditioning methods in animal and clinical studies and analyzes their commonalities and differences in neuroprotective mechanisms and signaling pathways. Remote ischemic conditioning has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for improving stroke-induced brain injury owing to its simplicity, non-invasiveness, safety, and patient tolerability. Different forms of remote ischemic conditioning exhibit distinct intervention patterns, timing, and application range. Mechanistically, remote ischemic conditioning can exert neuroprotective effects by activating the Notch1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, improving cerebral perfusion, suppressing neuroinflammation, inhibiting cell apoptosis, activating autophagy, and promoting neural regeneration. While remote ischemic conditioning has shown potential in improving stroke outcomes, its full clinical translation has not yet been achieved.

Application of Modelica Based Multi- Domain Modeling and Simulation for Gravity-1

In the R&D phase of Gravity-1(YL-1), a multi-domain modeling and simulation technology based on Modelica language was introduced, which was a recent attempt in the practice of modeling and simulation method for launch vehicles in China. It realizes a complex coupling model within a unified model for different domains, so that technologists can work on one model. It ensured the success of YL-1 first launch mission, supports rapid iteration, full validation, and tight design collaboration.

One-pot synthesis of a hierarchical microporous-mesoporous phosphotungstic acid-HKUST-1 catalyst and its application in the selective oxidation of cyclopentene to glutaraldehyde

A hierarchical microporous-mesoporous metal-organic framework of HKUST-l（Cu）-encapsulated phosphotungstic acid （HPW） material, referred to as HPWs@Meso-HKUST-1, is prepared by a one-pot synthesis method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the supramolecular template. The addition of HPWs to the synthesis mixture of hierarchical porous HKUST-1 results in the direct encapsulation of HPWs inside the mesopores of the HKUST-1 structure, with a homogeneous distribution over the HKUST-1 crystals, which is confirmed by XRD, FT-IR, N2 adsorption, UV-Vis DRS, and TEM. FT-IR-CO adsorption experiments indicated that additional Lewis acid sites were present in the HPWs@Meso-HKUST-1 sample. The novel heterogeneous catalyst demonstrates excellent catalytic performance for the selective oxidation of cyclopentene （CPE） to glutaraldehyde CGA） using tert-butyl hydroperoxide and acetonitrile （MeCN） as the oxidant and solvent, respectively. The high activity of the catalyst is attributed to the mesostructure of the catalyst and the nature and appropriate abundance of the HPWs--being highly dispersed with the addition of Lewis sites. After a reaction for 36 h, the 30% wt% HPWs@Meso-HKUST-1 catalyst exhibits a CPE conversion of 92.5% and a high GA yield of 73%. Furthermore, the HPWs@Meso-HKUST-1 material is sufficiently stable to prevent the leaching of HPWs, and behaves as a true heterogeneous catalyst that can be repeatedly recycled without sustaining a loss of activity and selectivity in the selective oxidation of CPE.

骨形成肽1和聚多巴胺复合涂层修饰提高聚醚醚酮表面活性

背景:聚醚醚酮具有与人体皮质骨相近的弹性模量及良好的射线透射性、化学稳定性和生物相容性等优点,有望应用于口腔种植领域,然而其具有生物惰性,难以与周围组织形成骨结合,因此如何提高聚醚醚酮的表面活性是目前的主要问题。目的:分析聚醚醚酮表面骨形成肽1和聚多巴胺复合涂层的促成骨和成血管作用。方法:将聚醚醚酮片浸泡于多巴胺溶液中24 h,制备聚醚醚酮-聚多巴胺材料;将聚醚醚酮-聚多巴胺材料浸泡于骨形成肽1溶液中24 h,制备聚醚醚酮-聚多巴胺-骨形成肽1材料,表征材料的微观形貌、亲水性与元素组成。将骨髓间充质干细胞分别接种于聚醚醚酮、聚醚醚酮-聚多巴胺、聚醚醚酮-聚多巴胺-骨形成肽1材料表面,通过活死细胞染色和细胞骨架染色评估细胞活性与黏附状态,茜素红和骨钙素免疫荧光染色检测细胞成骨分化能力。将人脐静脉内皮细胞分别接种于3组材料表面,通过活死细胞染色和细胞骨架/血管内皮生长因子免疫荧光染色评估细胞活性及成血管水平。结果与结论:①扫描电镜下可见聚醚醚酮材料表面光滑,聚醚醚酮-聚多巴胺材料表面出现凹凸不平的沉积物,聚醚醚酮-聚多巴胺-骨形成肽1材料表面有小颗粒突起;接触角测试结果显示,聚醚醚酮-聚多巴胺-骨形成肽1材料的亲水性优于其他两种材料;X射线光电子能谱测试结果显示,骨形成肽1成功修饰于聚醚醚酮材料表面;②活死细胞染色和细胞骨架染色显示,相较于其他两种材料,聚醚醚酮-聚多巴胺-骨形成肽1材料可提高骨髓间充质干细胞的活性与黏附;茜素红和骨钙素免疫荧光染色显示,相较于其他两种材料,聚醚醚酮-聚多巴胺-骨形成肽1材料可促进骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化;③活死细胞染色和免疫荧光染色显示,相较于其他两种材料,聚醚醚酮-聚多巴胺-骨形成肽1材料可提高人脐静脉内皮细胞的活性与黏附及血管内皮生长因子蛋白的表达;④结果表明,骨形成肽1和聚多巴胺复合涂层可提高聚醚醚酮表面的促成骨和成血管活性。

蠲痹汤含药血清调控线粒体自噬抑制白细胞介素1β诱导的关节软骨细胞损伤

背景:软骨细胞线粒体自噬的缺陷会引起细胞凋亡和基质消失等软骨细胞退行性病变的变化。目的:探讨蠲痹汤含药血清对白细胞介素1β诱导的大鼠膝关节软骨细胞炎症反应和凋亡的影响及可能作用机制。方法:50只雄性SD大鼠随机给予生理盐水、蠲痹汤低、中、高剂量(1.24,2.48,4.96 g/kg)、塞来昔布(阳性药物),连续灌胃2周后获得含药血清。①分离软骨细胞,将其随机分为对照组、白细胞介素1β组、蠲痹汤低、中、高剂量含药血清组及阳性药物血清组。CCK-8法检测细胞存活率、免疫荧光双染检测线粒体自噬水平、免疫荧光检测磷酸化腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶水平、Western blot检测PTEN诱导激酶1/Parkin通路相关蛋白和裂解的半胱氨酸蛋白酶蛋白3表达、ELISA检测炎症因子水平;②分别采用PTEN诱导激酶1 siRNA和Compound C进行干预,探究AMPK/PTEN诱导激酶1/Parkin通路在蠲痹汤含药血清调控线粒体自噬中的作用。结果与结论:①与对照组比较,白细胞介素1β组软骨细胞存活率、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达、磷酸化腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶、PTEN诱导激酶1、Parkin和微管相关蛋白1轻链3蛋白水平以及线粒体自噬水平明显降低(P<0.05),而裂解的半胱氨酸蛋白酶蛋白3蛋白水平、白细胞介素6、白细胞介素8和肿瘤坏死因子α水平显著升高(P<0.05);与白细胞介素1β组比较,蠲痹汤各剂量含药血清组和阳性药物血清组上述各项指标呈现相反的变化(P<0.05);②PTEN诱导激酶1 siRNA可显著抑制蠲痹汤含药血清对白细胞介素1β处理软骨细胞线粒体自噬的影响,降低蠲痹汤含药血清对白细胞介素1β诱导的软骨细胞炎症与凋亡的保护作用;Compound C逆转了蠲痹汤含药血清对白细胞介素1β处理软骨细胞中PTEN诱导激酶1/Parkin信号通路的影响。结论:蠲痹汤含药血清通过影响线粒体自噬水平来抑制软骨细胞炎症和凋亡,从而减轻白细胞介素1β诱导的软骨细胞退化,其机制可能与调控AMPK/PTEN诱导激酶1/Parkin通路有关。

组蛋白脱乙酰酶1基因抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞焦亡并减轻动脉粥样硬化及炎性反应

背景:细胞焦亡作为炎症细胞死亡的一种独特形式,在动脉粥样硬化病变的不稳定性中发挥重要作用。目的:探究重组B细胞淋巴瘤2相关蛋白A1(B-cell lymphoma 2-related protein A1,BCL2A1)在动脉粥样硬化中的作用机制。方法:①使用200μg/mL氧化低密度脂蛋白处理人脐静脉内皮细胞24 h以诱导内皮损伤。随后,分别使用50 nmol/L BCL2A1干扰质粒(sh-BCL2A1)和1.5μg/mL组蛋白脱乙酰酶1基因(histone deacetylase 1 gene,HDAC1)过表达载体(pcDNA-HDAC1)转染人脐静脉内皮细胞,或同时转染pcDNA-HDAC1和BCL2A1过表达载体(pcDNA-BCL2A1)。转染后培养48 h检测BCL2A1和HDAC1的表达水平、细胞活力、细胞焦亡水平以及BCL2A1乙酰化水平。②通过高脂喂养APOE-/-小鼠构建动脉粥样硬化小鼠模型进行体内验证。将500μL BCL2A1和HDAC1慢病毒过表达载体分别或同时尾静脉注射到小鼠体内,检测BCL2A1和HDAC1的表达水平以及小鼠动脉组织损伤情况。结果与结论:氧化低密度脂蛋白诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞中BCL2A1上调,干扰BCL2A1可改善细胞活力并抑制细胞焦亡和炎症反应。此外,氧化低密度脂蛋白诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞中HDAC1下调,通过促进BCL2A1去乙酰化提高了细胞活力及抑制了细胞焦亡和炎症反应。体内实验表明,BCL2A1在高脂喂养的小鼠动脉组织中高表达,而HDAC1低表达。此外,HDAC1通过促进BCL2A1去乙酰化减轻了高脂喂养诱导的ApoE-/-小鼠动脉组织病变。结果表明,HDAC1可能通过BCL2A1去乙酰化来抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞焦亡进而减轻动脉粥样硬化和炎症反应。

Secretory Expression of Mycoplasma hyopneu-moniae P97R1 Gene in Pichia pastoris and Primary Application of the Expression Product

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the secretory expression of P97R1 gene of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae（Mhp） in Pichia pastoris expression system and the primary application; of the expression product. [Method] A pair of specific primers was designed to conduct PCR according to the Mhp P97R1 gene sequence in Genbank, and the amplified P97R1 gene was cloned into the pPICZa-A yeast expression vector to construct the secretory recombinant expression vector pPICZa-A-P97R1. The plasmid pPICZa-A-p97R1 linearized by Sac I was transformed into P. pastoris GSl15 by electroporation. Positive transformant identified by PCR was incubated to express P97R1 protein after methanol induction. And the expression product was identified using SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting anal.wsis. [Result] P97R1 protein was successfully expressed in the P. pastoris system, with a secre- tory amount of 499μg/ml, and revealed good reactogenicity. Meanwhile, an indirect ELISA method was established with P97R1 protein after the optimization of each reaction factor, which showed good specificity and repeatability according to repeated tests. [Conclusion] This study provides bases for developing the ELISA Kit for anti- body detection and genetically engineered vaccine to Mhp.

The evolution of robotics:research and application progress of dental implant robotic systems

The use of robots to augment human capabilities and assist in work has long been an aspiration.Robotics has been developing since the 1960s when the first industrial robot was introduced.As technology has advanced,robotic-assisted surgery has shown numerous advantages,including more precision,efficiency,minimal invasiveness,and safety than is possible with conventional techniques,which are research hotspots and cutting-edge trends.This article reviewed the history of medical robot development and seminal research papers about current research progress.Taking the autonomous dental implant robotic system as an example,the advantages and prospects of medical robotic systems would be discussed which would provide a reference for future research.

Potential industrial applications of photo/electrocatalysis: Recent progress and future challenges

Nowadays,the rapid development of the social economy inevitably leads to global energy and environmental crisis.For this reason,more and more scholars focus on the development of photocatalysis and/or electrocatalysis technology for the advantage in the sustainable production of high-value-added products,and the high efficiency in pollutants remediation.Although there is plenty of outstanding research has been put forward continuously,most of them focuses on catalysis performance and reaction mechanisms in laboratory conditions.Realizing industrial application of photo/electrocatalytic processes is still a challenge that needs to be overcome by social demand.In this regard,this review comprehensively summarized several explorations in thefield of photo/electrocatalytic reduction towards potential industrial applications in recent years.Special attention is paid to the successful attempts and the current status of photo/electrocatalytic water splitting,carbon dioxide conversion,resource utilization from waste,etc.,by using advanced reactors.The key problems and challenges of photo/electrocatalysis in future industrial practice are also discussed,and the possible development directions are also pointed out from the industry view.

Drilling-based measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock and its field application

The technology of drilling tests makes it possible to obtain the strength parameter of rock accurately in situ. In this paper, a new rock cutting analysis model that considers the influence of the rock crushing zone(RCZ) is built. The formula for an ultimate cutting force is established based on the limit equilibrium principle. The relationship between digital drilling parameters(DDP) and the c-φ parameter(DDP-cφ formula, where c refers to the cohesion and φ refers to the internal friction angle) is derived, and the response of drilling parameters and cutting ratio to the strength parameters is analyzed. The drillingbased measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock is constructed. The laboratory verification test is then completed, and the difference in results between the drilling test and the compression test is less than 6%. On this basis, in-situ rock drilling tests in a traffic tunnel and a coal mine roadway are carried out, and the strength parameters of the surrounding rock are effectively tested. The average difference ratio of the results is less than 11%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method for obtaining the strength parameters based on digital drilling. This study provides methodological support for field testing of rock strength parameters.

MXene-Based Elastomer Mimetic StretchableSensors: Design, Properties, and Applications

Flexible sensors based on MXene-polymer composites are highly prospective for next-generation wearable electronics used in human-machine interfaces.One of the motivating factors behind the progress of flexible sensors is the steady arrival of new conductive materials.MXenes,a new family of 2D nanomaterials,have been draw-ing attention since the last decade due to their high electronic conduc-tivity,processability,mechanical robustness and chemical tunability.In this review,we encompass the fabrication of MXene-based polymeric nanocomposites,their structure-property relationship,and applications in the flexible sensor domain.Moreover,our discussion is not only lim-ited to sensor design,their mechanism,and various modes of sensing platform,but also their future perspective and market throughout the world.With our article,we intend to fortify the bond between flexible matrices and MXenes thus promoting the swift advancement of flexible MXene-sensors for wearable technologies.

Driver at 10 MJ and 1 shot/30 min for inertial confinement fusion at high gain:Efficient,compact,low-cost,low laser-plasma instabilities,beam color selectable from 2ω/3ω/4ω,applicable to multiple laser fusion schemes

The achievement of ignition at the National Ignition Facility(NIF)has prompted a global wave of further research on inertial fusion energy(IFE).However,IFE requires a target gain G of 30-100,and it is hard to achieve fusion at such high gain with the energy,configuration,and technical approach of the NIF.Here,we present a conceptual design for a next-generation laser driver that is applicable to multiple laser fusion schemes and provides 10 MJ,2-3 PW at 3ω(or 2ω,in which case the energy and power can be higher),and one shot per 30 min,with the aim of achieving G>30.It is also efficient,compact,and low in cost,and it has low susceptibility to laser-plasma instabilities.

创伤性脊髓损伤急性期前列腺素E1对血管相关因子的调节和微循环功能的保护

背景:前列腺素E1被证明在血管扩张、炎症、白细胞迁移和黏附中发挥调节作用,但其对创伤性脊髓损伤后脊髓微循环的作用尚缺乏深入的研究。目的:探讨在大鼠创伤性脊髓损伤急性期给予前列腺素E1对血管相关因子的调节和微循环功能的保护作用机制。方法:将72只雌性SD大鼠随机分为3组(n=24),即假手术组、脊髓损伤组、前列腺素E1组。后两组用Allen’s打击法建立脊髓损伤的体内模型,前列腺素E1组大鼠在脊髓损伤后15 min内立即尾静脉注射脂质前列腺素E110μg/kg。分别在损伤后2,24 h测定脊髓微循环血流量和血氧饱和度、脊髓微血管直径和面积、脊髓含水量、血管功能调节因子(血浆血管性血友病因子、血栓素A2、前列环素、内皮素1)和炎症因子(肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β)的表达。结果与结论:①脊髓损伤后2 h,前列腺素E1组大鼠的脊髓微血管直径及面积、脊髓微循环血流量和血氧饱和度均高于脊髓损伤组(P<0.05),脊髓含水量低于脊髓损伤组(P<0.05),血浆血管性血友病因子、脊髓组织血栓素A2/前列环素及内皮素1质量浓度均低于脊髓损伤组(P<0.05);②脊髓损伤后24 h,前列腺素E1组大鼠的脊髓微血管面积、血流量和血氧饱和度均高于脊髓损伤组(P<0.05),脊髓含水量低于脊髓损伤组(P<0.05),血浆血管性血友病因子、脊髓组织血栓素A2/前列环素及内皮素1、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β的质量浓度均低于脊髓损伤组(P<0.05);③脊髓损伤组大鼠损伤后24 h的脊髓微血管直径及面积、脊髓微循环血流量和血氧饱和度均高于损伤后2 h(P<0.05),血浆血管性血友病因子、脊髓组织血栓素A2/前列环素、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β的质量浓度均高于损伤后2 h(P<0.05),但是脊髓组织内皮素1质量浓度低于损伤后2 h(P<0.05);④前列腺素E1组大鼠损伤后24 h的脊髓微循环血流量和血氧饱和度低于损伤后2 h(P<0.05),脊髓微血管直径及面积、脊髓含水量高于损伤后2 h(P<0.05);⑤以上结果表明,脊髓损伤大鼠伤后即刻静脉给予前列腺素E1,可调节血管功能调节因子、炎症因子并改善脊髓损伤后脊髓微循环,这为寻找治疗急性脊髓损伤的药物提供了潜在的基础。

A Review of Contact Electrification at Diversified Interfaces and Related Applications on Triboelectric Nanogenerator

The triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)can effectively collect energy based on contact electrification(CE)at diverse interfaces,including solid–solid,liquid–solid,liquid–liquid,gas–solid,and gas–liquid.This enables energy harvesting from sources such as water,wind,and sound.In this review,we provide an overview of the coexistence of electron and ion transfer in the CE process.We elucidate the diverse dominant mechanisms observed at different interfaces and emphasize the interconnectedness and complementary nature of interface studies.The review also offers a comprehensive summary of the factors influencing charge transfer and the advancements in interfacial modification techniques.Additionally,we highlight the wide range of applications stemming from the distinctive characteristics of charge transfer at various interfaces.Finally,this review elucidates the future opportunities and challenges that interface CE may encounter.We anticipate that this review can offer valuable insights for future research on interface CE and facilitate the continued development and industrialization of TENG.

The Application of Bilayer Artificial Dermis Combined with VSD Technology in Chronic Wounds

Background: Bilayer artificial dermis promotes wound healing and offers a treatment option for chronic wounds. Aim: Examine the clinical efficacy of bilayer artificial dermis combined with Vacuum Sealing Drainage (VSD) technology in the treatment of chronic wounds. Method: From June 2021 to December 2023, our hospital treated 24 patients with chronic skin tissue wounds on their limbs using a novel tissue engineering product, the bilayer artificial dermis, in combination with VSD technology to repair the wounds. The bilayer artificial dermis protects subcutaneous tissue, blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and tendons, and also promotes the growth of granulation tissue and blood vessels to aid in wound healing when used in conjunction with VSD technology for wound dressing changes in chronic wounds. Results: In this study, 24 cases of chronic wounds with exposed bone or tendon larger than 1.0 cm2 were treated with a bilayer artificial skin combined with VSD dressing after wound debridement. The wounds were not suitable for immediate skin grafting. At 2 - 3 weeks post-treatment, good granulation tissue growth was observed. Subsequent procedures included thick skin grafting or wound dressing changes until complete wound healing. Patients were followed up on average for 3 months (range: 1 - 12 months) post-surgery. Comparative analysis of the appearance, function, skin color, elasticity, and sensation of the healed chronic wounds revealed superior outcomes compared to traditional skin fl repairs, resulting in significantly higher satisfaction levels among patients and their families. Conclusion: The application of bilayer artificial dermis combined with VSD technology for the repair of chronic wounds proves to be a viable method, yielding satisfactory therapeutic effects compared to traditional skin flap procedures.

Future of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 applications： Combinations with other therapeutic regimens

Programmed cell death 1（PD-1）/programmed cell death 1 ligand（PD-L1） blockade has shown promising effects in cancer immunotherapy. Removing the so-called ＂brakes＂ on T cell immune responses by blocking the PD-1/PDL1 check point should boost anti-tumor immunity and provide durable tumor regression for cancer patients.However, 30%–60% of patients show no response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Thus, it is urgent to explore the underlying resistance mechanisms to improve sensitivity to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. We propose that the mechanisms promoting resistance mainly include T cell exclusion or exhaustion at the tumor site,immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment（TME）, and a range of tumor-intrinsic factors. This review highlights the power of studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of resistance to improve the rational design of combination therapeutic strategies that can be translated to the clinic. Here, we briefly discuss the development of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade agents and focus on the current issues and future prospects for potential combinatorial therapeutic strategies that include anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, based upon the available preclinical and clinical data.

Breeding and Application Prospects of a New Quinoa Variety Longli 1

Longli 1 （ Chenopod/um qu/noa Willd） was the first new quinoa variety in China, which was bred by Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences through the methods of line breeding, cultivation and domestication. In muhipeint regional test, the average yield of Longli 1 was 2 100. （30 kg/hm2, which was increased by 9.6% compared to Jingle qulnoa. Langli 1 was a mid-late mature quinoa variety. The plant was brcom-shape, with the plant height of 181.2 - 223.6 cm, the growth period of 128 - 140 d, and the branch number of 23 - 27. The seeds were round pill shaped, with 1 000-grain weight of 2.40 -3.46 g. The contents of crude protein, fat, proline and total phosphorus in seeds were 171.5 -187.8, 56.5 -59.3, 5.5 -6.9 and 4.5 -6.8 g/kg, re- spectively. I_ongli 1 presented resistance against downy mildew and leaf spot, with strong disease-resistant ability. In multipeint regional test and production test, Longli 1 displayed lodging resistance with strong regeneration ability. It also presented resistance to cold, drought, saline and alkaline, and barren, with wide adaptability. Longh 1 was suitable for planting in mountains, plain field and irrigation area with frost-free period greater than 120 d, rainfall more than 250 mm, and altitude 1 500 -3 000 m. The application prospects of quinoa were also put forward in the paper.

Study on application potentiality of the first China's ocean satellite HY-1A

China has launched her first ocean color satellite HY-1A on May 15, 2002 since American ocean color satellite SeaSTAR was on the orbit in 1997. First, the properties and characteristics of HY-1A are briefly introduced; second, the quality and availability are evaluated by means of the complex signal noise ratio ( CSNR) which is simulated theoretically; third, the received HY-1A data are compared with SeaSTAR data to understand the accuracy of radiance measurement by the HY-1A; finally, the remote sensing products of ocean color and temperature are mapped to study the application potentiality of HY-1A. The results show that the HY-1A has its latent capability for the application of marine environment detection, the management and protection of marine resources, and the national rights and interests. Meanwhile some suggestions are proposed to modify the next ocean satellite.