Using approximate dynamic programming for multi-ESM scheduling to track ground moving targets

This paper researches the adaptive scheduling problem of multiple electronic support measures(multi-ESM) in a ground moving radar targets tracking application. It is a sequential decision-making problem in uncertain environment. For adaptive selection of appropriate ESMs, we generalize an approximate dynamic programming(ADP) framework to the dynamic case. We define the environment model and agent model, respectively. To handle the partially observable challenge, we apply the unsented Kalman filter(UKF) algorithm for belief state estimation. To reduce the computational burden, a simulation-based approach rollout with a redesigned base policy is proposed to approximate the long-term cumulative reward. Meanwhile, Monte Carlo sampling is combined into the rollout to estimate the expectation of the rewards. The experiments indicate that our method outperforms other strategies due to its better performance in larger-scale problems.

Optimal set integer programming algorithm for multiple maneuvering targets tracking in clutter

The aim of this paper is to solve the problems of multitarget tracking in clutter. Firstly, the data association of measurement-to-target is formulated as an integer programming problem. Through using the linear programming （LP） based branchand-bound method and adjusting the constraint conditions, an optimal set integer programming （OSIP） algorithm is then proposed for tracking multiple non-maneuvering targets in clutter. For the case of maneuvering targets, this paper introduces the OSIP algorithm into the filtering step of the interacting multiple model （IMM） algorithm resulting in the IMM based on OSIP algorithm. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations show that the presented algorithms can obtain superior estimations even in the case of high density noises.

Sequential quadratic programming-based non-cooperative target distributed hybrid processing optimization method

The distributed hybrid processing optimization problem of non-cooperative targets is an important research direction for future networked air-defense and anti-missile firepower systems. In this paper, the air-defense anti-missile targets defense problem is abstracted as a nonconvex constrained combinatorial optimization problem with the optimization objective of maximizing the degree of contribution of the processing scheme to non-cooperative targets, and the constraints mainly consider geographical conditions and anti-missile equipment resources. The grid discretization concept is used to partition the defense area into network nodes, and the overall defense strategy scheme is described as a nonlinear programming problem to solve the minimum defense cost within the maximum defense capability of the defense system network. In the solution of the minimum defense cost problem, the processing scheme, equipment coverage capability, constraints and node cost requirements are characterized, then a nonlinear mathematical model of the non-cooperative target distributed hybrid processing optimization problem is established, and a local optimal solution based on the sequential quadratic programming algorithm is constructed, and the optimal firepower processing scheme is given by using the sequential quadratic programming method containing non-convex quadratic equations and inequality constraints. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation examples.

Research progress regarding programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors combined with targeted therapy for treating hepatocellular carcinoma

In recent years,a number of targeted therapeutic agents have achieved success in phase III trials in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),including sorafenib,lenvatinib,and regorafenib.Immunotherapy is considered to be an effective treatment for advanced HCC.Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1(PDL1)are important antitumor immunotherapy agents that represent breakthroughs in the treatment of advanced HCC.However,treating advanced HCC is still a great challenge,and the need for new treatments remains urgent.This review briefly summarizes the research progress in the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with targeted therapy for treating HCC.

An Evolutionary Programming Based on Hidden Neuron Modifiable Radial Basis Function Networks

In this paper, an improved radial basis function networks named hidden neuron modifiable radial basis function (HNMRBF) networks is proposed for target classification, and evolutionary programming (EP) is used as a learning algorithm to determine and modify the hidden neuron of HNMRBF nets. The result of passive sonar target classification shows that HNMRBF nets can effectively solve the problem of traditional neural networks, i. e. learning new target patterns on line will cause forgetting of the old patterns.

Quadratic Programming-based Approach for Autonomous Vehicle Path Planning in Space

Path planning for space vehicles is still a challenging problem although considerable progress has been made over the past decades.The major difficulties are that most of existing methods only adapt to static environment instead of dynamic one,and also can not solve the inherent constraints arising from the robot body and the exterior environment.To address these difficulties,this research aims to provide a feasible trajectory based on quadratic programming（QP） for path planning in three-dimensional space where an autonomous vehicle is requested to pursue a target while avoiding static or dynamic obstacles.First,the objective function is derived from the pursuit task which is defined in terms of the relative distance to the target,as well as the angle between the velocity and the position in the relative velocity coordinates（RVCs）.The optimization is in quadratic polynomial form according to QP formulation.Then,the avoidance task is modeled with linear constraints in RVCs.Some other constraints,such as kinematics,dynamics,and sensor range,are included.Last,simulations with typical multiple obstacles are carried out,including in static and dynamic environments and one of human-in-the-loop.The results indicate that the optimal trajectories of the autonomous robot in three-dimensional space satisfy the required performances.Therefore,the QP model proposed in this paper not only adapts to dynamic environment with uncertainty,but also can satisfy all kinds of constraints,and it provides an efficient approach to solve the problems of path planning in three-dimensional space.

Study on Technical Schemes for Major Pollutants Emission Reduction in Beijing North Canal River Basin Based on Watershed Water Quality Target Management

Water quality target management in watershed is the fundamental choice of city rivers suffering both serious pollution and severe water shortage. In this study, we performed a case study regarding river pollution control plan based on water quality target management in the North Canal River catchment of Beijing section, in order to obtain effective water quality improvement programs. The ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were taken as the main controlling pollutants. Water quality targets and basic water quality improvement scenarios were set up considering different intensities of population regulation scenarios and gradually strengthening emission control measures. The MIKE11 model was adopted to simulate the effects of a range of water quality improvement scenarios. Results indicated that the basic scenarios could dramatically improve the surface water environment. However, additional intensive and combined measure programs should be implemented to ensure that the water quality would basically meet the targets of corresponding water function zones. The results highlight the need to implement water conservation in water shortage urban river basin and show the importance of enhancing drainage communication and conducting ecological water replenishment in such kind basins. It is expected to provide a reference for the water environment management practice of other metropolis in the world facing both crisis of water resource shortage and water environment pollution.

基于xPC Target的硬件在环平台的设计

基于xPC Target的硬件在环平台具有诸多优点而被广泛应用。阐述了实现此平台的3个主要步骤,包括双机系统的配置、启动盘的制作以及数采卡驱动的编写。由于以往的数采卡驱动编写方法非常繁琐,文中给出了一种快捷驱动设计方法。最后,搭建测试模型对平台进行测试。

The Effectiveness, Efficiency and Necessity of the Teacher’s Training Program: A Case Study

As the influence of English as a world language is becoming very powerful,many researchers have focused on the rela⁃tionship between the financial condition of the student family and English proficiency.Consequences were very significant:the im⁃pact of family economic conditions on children's English academic achievement is very critical.An alternative to problem-solving is the provision of various training programs that can improve a teacher's English skills.

基于功率谱流形的信息几何DP-TBD算法

针对复杂杂波背景下目标信杂比起伏而导致的漏检问题,本文结合信息几何检测器的性能优势与动态规划检测前跟踪(Dynamic Programming Track Before Detect,DP-TBD)的多帧信息积累能力,提出了基于功率谱流形的信息几何DP-TBD算法.该算法利用功率谱流形与矩阵流形对偶关系,设计了功率谱信息几何检测器,将信息几何检测器的计算复杂度降低了近两个数量级.通过实测数据实验验证,功率谱DP-TBD算法可实现与矩阵DP-TBD算法相近的检测性能,并将运算时间降低为矩阵DP-TBD算法的3%~8%.此外,相较于信息几何检测器,功率谱DP-TBD可将检测信杂比(Signal-to-Clutter Ratio,SCR)提高2~3 dB.

泛癌分析揭示SREK1在低级别胶质瘤中促进CD274表达

目的剪接调节谷氨酸和富赖氨酸的蛋白质1(SREK1)在多种肿瘤中的泛癌分析,揭示SREK1在泛癌中的作用。方法利用在线数据库GEPIA 2、TIMER 2.0、TISIDB和cBioPortal分析SREK1表达对肿瘤患者预后的影响、在低级别胶质瘤(LGG)肿瘤组织中的表达、遗传变异的特征及其表达对肿瘤组织中免疫细胞的浸润和免疫—肿瘤靶基因的相关性分析。结果LGG肿瘤组织中,SREK1表达与记忆B细胞、活化的CD4+T细胞、Th2细胞、中性粒细胞、NKT细胞以及单核细胞和CD56dimNK细胞的浸润存在相关性(P均<0.05)。SREK1与免疫—肿瘤靶基因如信号传导及转录激活蛋白3(STAT3)、Ⅰ型干扰素受体1(IFNAR1)、核受体亚家族3C组成员1(NR3C1)和表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、表面抗原分化簇274(CD274)等表达在LGG中均呈正相关(P均<0.05)。结论SREK1是LGG患者的危险因子之一,可能通过促进CD274的表达来加剧LGG的进展。

PD-1/PD-L1小分子抑制剂研究进展

目的为新型程序性死亡受体-1(PD-1)/程序性死亡配体-1(PD-L1)小分子抑制剂的研发提供参考。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、ClinicalTrails.gov、中国知网、万方数据库2010年至2023年的PD-1/PD-L1小分子抑制剂相关文献,汇总并分析该类制剂的研发现状。结果与结论有成药潜力的PD-1/PD-L1小分子抑制剂共20种,包括CA-170(口服小分子抑制剂)、INCB086550(特异性PD-L1抑制剂)、DPPA-1(特异性抑制PD-1/PD-L1相互作用的多肽类拮抗剂)等,其中前两者已进入临床试验阶段。PD-1/PD-L1小分子抑制剂具有特异性抑制免疫检查点的药效作用特点,以及可口服、稳定性较好、膜通透性较高等优点,但其治疗效果仍需临床试验验证。

深度确定性策略梯度下运动目标识别及无人机跟随

针对无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)平台采集运动目标图像信息过程中因UAV自身的飞行状态、环境的干扰、目标的随机性等原因易产生运动目标丢失等问题,提出了一种基于运动目标识别的深度确定性策略梯度(deep deterministic policy gradient,DDPG)算法UAV跟随方法。面向高速公路的车辆目标,分析了UAV高度、位姿与高速车辆运动之间的关系,建立了移动平台目标检测帧率的速度自适应模型,根据目标的运动状态计算能够相匹配UAV的飞行状态,实时修正飞行姿态与速度,使UAV能够保持与目标的相对位置和角度。继而基于DDPG算法价值网络估计UAV在不同状态下采取特定动作的价值,策略网络生成UAV在给定状态下采取动作的策略,给予UAV飞行高度、速度控制参数用于目标跟踪,使UAV能够根据目标的运动变化自动调节飞行状态,实现运动目标的自适应跟随。仿真实验表明:DDPG算法能够提供稳定的飞行姿态数据,为UAV的跟随任务提供了可靠的控制基础;通过在真实场景下实验验证,UAV能够实时跟踪速度范围0~33 m/s、半径为120 m的圆形面积内的地面运动目标,且在续航范围内能够实现持续稳定跟随。

评价理论视角下非洲媒体中国精准扶贫的话语呈现研究

文章以评价理论为具体的分析框架,通过对非洲主流媒体对中国精准扶贫实践的话语呈现,发现非洲媒体对中国精准扶贫整体上持积极态度。三种态度资源中,判断类态度资源最多,鉴赏类次之,情感类最少。在情感类态度资源中,安全/非安全类情感表达最多;在判断类态度资源中,社会判断类远超于社会约束类;在鉴赏类态度资源中,价值类远超过反应和构成两类。在评价主体方面,非洲媒体较多情况下是直接表达自己的看法和态度,但同时也注重引入来自中国政府、中国人民、专家学者、其他国家的观点作为支撑和补充。在评价的具体对象方面,对中国政府的评价最多,其次是对扶贫举措、扶贫成就、中国共产党的评价。此外,非洲媒体在新闻报道中表现出对中国共产党、中国政府和中国人民脱贫攻坚精神和能力的肯定,以及对精准扶贫工作模式社会价值和成就的认可。

携双抗体纳米微泡对卵巢癌细胞增殖活性的影响

背景:免疫治疗可通过多种途径增强抗肿瘤免疫反应,联合免疫治疗是一个更好的选择。超声靶向微泡破坏技术可将药物、基因、抗体和细胞因子直接输送到免疫细胞的细胞质中,进一步增强免疫应答。然而,通过超声靶向微泡破坏技术将携趋化因子受体4抗体和细胞程序性死亡配体1抗体双靶向纳米微泡应用于卵巢癌的治疗尚未见报道。目的:探讨超声辐照携趋化因子受体4抗体和程序性死亡配体1抗体双靶向纳米微泡对卵巢癌细胞增殖、迁移的影响。方法:对IOSE-80正常卵巢上皮细胞及SKOV3、CAOV3卵巢癌细胞进行培养及扩增,采用双标记荧光免疫法对3种细胞中的趋化因子受体4和细胞程序性死亡配体1蛋白进行共定位,蛋白质印迹法检测3种细胞中趋化因子受体4和程序性死亡配体1蛋白相对表达量,并筛选出实验细胞。制备携不同配体的靶向纳米微泡后,即单纯的纳米微泡、携趋化因子受体4抗体的纳米微泡、携趋化因子受体4和程序性死亡配体1抗体的纳米微泡。取对数生长期的SKOV3卵巢癌细胞,分6组处理:A组加入McCoy’s 5A培养基,B组加入含基质细胞衍生因子1的McCoy’s 5A培养基,C组加入单纯的纳米微泡溶液与含基质细胞衍生因子1的McCoy’s 5A培养基,D组加入携趋化因子受体4抗体的纳米微泡溶液与含基质细胞衍生因子1的McCoy’s 5A培养基,E组加入携趋化因子受体4和程序性死亡配体1抗体的纳米微泡溶液与含基质细胞衍生因子1的McCoy’s 5A培养基,F组加入单纯的纳米微泡溶液,超声辐照120 s,孵育48 h后,采用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,通过伤口愈合实验检测B-E组细胞的愈合迁移能力。结果与结论:①免疫荧光染色显示,3种细胞均可表达趋化因子受体4和程序性死亡配体1蛋白;蛋白质印迹法检测显示,SKOV3、CAOV3卵巢癌细胞中的趋化因子受体4和程序性死亡配体1蛋白表达量均高于IOSE-80正常卵巢上皮细胞(P<0.05);②CCK-8检测结果显示,B组细胞存活率高于A组(P<0.05),F组细胞存活率低于A组(P<0.05),B-E组细胞存活率逐渐降低,组间两两比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);③伤口愈合实验显示,B-E组细胞愈合率逐渐降低,组间两两比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);④结果表明,超声靶向微泡破坏技术联合携趋化因子受体4抗体和程序性死亡配体1抗体双靶向纳米微泡可显著抑制卵巢癌细胞的增殖迁移。

订单定向医学生的职业发展:基于四所医学院校的七年跟踪分析

目的:应用订单定向医学生队列的7年面板数据,探究其职业发展情况,为我国中西部农村地区留住基层卫生人才提供参考。方法:自2015年起,选取我国中西部四所医学院校的订单定向与普通临床毕业生建立队列并跟踪其职业发展情况。结果:在规培进程和执业医师考试通过率方面,订单定向毕业生与普通临床毕业生相似;在职称和职务晋升方面更快,毕业7年后,82.5%成为主治医师,16.2%获得职务。然而,其月收入显著低于普通临床毕业生,且差值绝对值逐年增大。截至2022年12月,完成合同的493名订单定向毕业生中,38.5%留在基层;离开基层的毕业生中,60%前往县级及以上公立医院工作,7.9%攻读研究生,27.7%待业。结论:订单定向毕业生培养质量好,职业晋升快,但较低的收入显著影响其留在基层的意愿。服务期满后,有1/3左右的订单定向毕业生选择留在基层。

Soret和Dufour效应耦合对HL-2A偏滤器靶板氘浓度与温度双扩散的影响

在L/H模放电情况下,考虑Soret和Dufour效应耦合影响,用JD-CF程序研究了HL-2A偏滤器靶板中氘粒子浓度、温度、滞留量随时间变化影响。结果表明,在L/H模放电下,Soret和Dufour效应会对不同靶板材料(RAFM钢/钨)内不同位置处氘浓度分布、温度分布、氘滞留量产生一定影响,其最大变化率约为10%。在H模放电下Soret和Dufour效应对靶板的影响比在L模放电下的更明显,且对RAFM钢的影响比对钨的更明显。该研究结果对研究边缘等离子体输运、聚变堆燃料再循环、氚的滞留及投料量有一定参考价值。

靶向铁死亡治疗心血管疾病的研究进展

随着我国经济社会的发展、国人饮食结构发生变化以及老龄化程度不断加深,我国心血管疾病的发病率和病死率仍在升高,给国民的生命健康造成巨大威胁,同时也给社会造成较大的经济负担。因此,近年来针对心血管疾病发病机制的研究亦是日新月异。铁死亡是近年来新定义的一种程序性细胞死亡方式,本团队前期研究发现铁死亡是调控主动脉夹层发生发展的病理新机制,且靶向铁死亡能显著抑制小鼠主动脉夹层的进展及夹层破裂死亡。此外,铁死亡也被证实参与心肌缺血再灌注损伤、动脉粥样硬化、药物诱发的心力衰竭、败血症诱发的心肌病和糖尿病心肌病等多种心血管疾病的病理进程,提示靶向铁死亡有望成为治疗心血管疾病的新方法。因此,本文将对铁死亡在心血管疾病中的研究进展进行概述,并讨论其潜在的临床转化价值。

Ferroptosis in liver diseases:Fundamental mechanism and clinical implications

This editorial discusses a recently published paper in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Our research focuses on p53's regulatory mechanism for controlling ferroptosis,as well as the intricate connection between ferroptosis and liver diseases.Ferroptosis is a specific form of programmed cell death that is dependent on iron and displays unique features in terms of morphology,biology,and genetics,distinguishing it from other forms of cell death.Ferroptosis can affect the liver,which is a crucial organ responsible for iron storage and metabolism.Mounting evidence indicates a robust correlation between ferroptosis and the advancement of liver disorders.P53 has a dual effect on ferroptosis through various distinct signaling pathways.However,additional investigations are required to clarify the regulatory function of p53 metabolic targets in this complex association with ferroptosis.In the future,researchers should clarify the mechanisms by which ferroptosis and other forms of programmed cell death contribute to the progression of liver diseases.Identifying and controlling important regulatory factors associated with ferroptosis present a promising therapeutic strategy for liver disorders.

针对负荷重分配攻击的移动目标防御策略

负荷重分配攻击考虑电力系统实际设备配置及实际运行情况,通过篡改负荷量测对电力系统安全稳定运行造成威胁。提出一种基于拓扑变换的移动目标防御方法,通过变换系统拓扑结构破坏攻击者对电力系统信息的掌握程度,实现对负荷重分配攻击的防御,为电力系统安全可靠运行提供保障。首先,建立负荷重分配双层优化模型,对攻击策略进行分析;然后,分析拓扑结构的优化重构方式,建立拓扑结构变换的优化模型;最后,将拓扑结构优化算法与状态估计相结合实现移动目标防御,完成对负荷重分配攻击的检测。在IEEE 14节点系统中对所提方法进行了测试与分析,算例证明基于拓扑变换的移动目标防御方法能够对负荷重分配攻击进行有效防御,增强电力系统的抗攻击能力。