Conformity Assessment of Lead Aprons Used in Conventional Radiology: A Multi-Centre Survey in Togo

Aim: Lead aprons are used to protect against scattered radiation from the patient during interventional procedures and certain special conventional radiological examinations. Given the importance of the role lead aprons are supposed to play in radiation protection, we propose to assess their conformity in medical imaging departments in public and religious hospitals in Togo. Materials and method: A multi-centre survey conducted from 26 November to 06 December 2021 in the radiology departments of public and religious health facilities in Togo. All aprons in use were included. The evaluation criteria were physical (visual), quantitative (radiographic) and qualitative (dosimetric). Results: We had registred 43 aprons among wich 27 (62.79%) leaded aprons were labelled non-compliant and 16 (37.21%) were labelled compliant. Of the aprons judged to be non-compliant, 70.37% were more than 10 years old and 96.30% showed defects on the radiographic images. The most common defects were vampire marks (18.64%), multiple folds (16.96%), cracks (16.96%), multiple cracks (15.25%), tears (8.47%), absence of lead (5.08%), holes (3.39%) and lead corrosion (1.69%). Defective aprons (62.96%) had at least two defects. The defects were of thoraco-abdomino-pelvic (74.07%), thoracic (14.82%) and abdomino-pelvic (11.11%) topography. For indirect exposure at 50 and 70 kilovolts, all the aprons had an attenuation factor greater than 90%. After dosimetric measurement, 13.95% of aprons had attenuation factors below 90% for indirect exposure at 100 kilovolts. Conclusion: The compliance of the leaded decks is trifactorial (physical, radiographic and dosimetric). However, there is no significant difference in X-ray attenuation capacity between defective and normal decks.

The Coarse-Grained Lacustrine Slope Apron Deposits in the Moliqing Area,Yitong Basin,Northeast China

Overlapping gravity accumulation bodies were formed on the northwestern steep slope of the Shuangyang Formation in the Moliqing fault depression of northeast China.This study analyzed in detail the spatial distribution of the lithofacies and lithofacies associations of these accumulation bodies based on more than 600 m of core sections,and summarized 12 major types of lithofacies and three types of lithofacies associations：（1） the proximal zone consists of gravelly debris flows dominated by alluvial channel conglomerates;（2） the middle zone is dominated by various gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits;and（3） the distal zone is dominated by mudstones with intercalations of sandy debris and turbidites.Combining with the grain size cumulative probability curves analysis,we determined the transformation of debris flows to sandy debris flows and to turbidity currents in the slope zone of the basin margin,and further proposed a lacustrine slope apron model that is characterized by（1） an inconstant multiple source（line source）,（2） an alternation of gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits dominated by periodical changes in a source flood flow system,and（3） the transformation of sandy debris flow deposits into distal turbidity current deposits.This sedimentary model may be applicable to other fault depressions for predicting reservoir distribution.

Additional Twists of Yarn Produced by System of Compact Spinning with Lattice Apron

Based on the flow simulation in the condensing zone of compact spinning with lattice apron and a bead-elastic rod dynamic model of the flexible fiber,trajectories of fibers with different negative pressure are simulated by specially designed Matlab procedure.Then displacement components of fibers at YZ profile under different negative pressure conditions are extracted and compared.The results show that the fibers of different initial positions gradually converge,and are interlaced for position change in yarn cross-section,caused by the airflow in the condensing zone.Finally,compact-spun yarn with different negative pressure and conventional ring spun yarn are produced and their twists are tested.Both the results of simulation and experiments illustrate the existence of additional twists.Also the relationship between additional twists and negative pressure is verified.

SA-FRCNN:An Improved Object Detection Method for Airport Apron Scenes

The airport apron scene contains rich contextual information about the spatial position relationship.Traditional object detectors only considered visual appearance and ignored the contextual information.In addition,the detection accuracy of some categories in the apron dataset was low.Therefore,an improved object detection method using spatial-aware features in apron scenes called SA-FRCNN is presented.The method uses graph convolutional networks to capture the relative spatial relationship between objects in the apron scene,incorporating this spatial context into feature learning.Moreover,an attention mechanism is introduced into the feature extraction process,with the goal to focus on the spatial position and key features,and distance-IoU loss is used to achieve a more accurate regression.The experimental results show that the mean average precision of the apron object detection based on SAFRCNN can reach 95.75%,and the detection effect of some hard-to-detect categories has been significantly improved.The proposed method effectively improves the detection accuracy on the apron dataset,which has a leading advantage over other methods.

Simulation and Analysis of Fiber Motion in Condensing Zone of Compact Spinning with Lattice Apron

To get fiber motion in condensing zone of compact spinning,velocity of this area is achieved by simulation,and then a bead-elastic rod fiber model is established.Based on simulation and dynamic analysis on this zone,governing equations are constructed and Runge-Kutta approach is used.Lastly,trajectories of fibers are calculated by specially designed Matlab procedure according to the principles mentioned above.Results show that fiber motions at different initial positions are different;X-axis velocity component makes fibers gathering on sides of suction slot;Y-axis airflow gets fibers gradually close and then stick to the surface of lattice apron.Fiber motions also reflect that the compact spinning process in condensing zone can be divided into three parts:fast convergence zone,adjustment convergence zone,and steady convergence zone.

Case Studies of Some Misunderstandings in Intercultural Communication

Misunderstandings are mainly due to the fact that they are from diffrent cultures. There are eight specific ingredients of Communicution within the context of intentional communication. Encoding and decording have a direct link to the effectiveness of communication. People from diffrent culture may use the same language symbols but diffrent systems of convention to encode and decode message so misunderstanding or conflicts most frequently occur in intercultural communication as a result of their ingnorance of each other’s cultural background.

A Brief Analysis of the Key Points to Avoid Misunderstanding and Inappropriate Language Expressions in Business Communication

Opportunities for business cooperation have been increased dramatically in the new environment, and under such circumstance, language usage in business communication places a significant role, particularly in oral business language. To promote harmonious conversations, certain factors and manners of communication like paying attention to the cultural differences, the proper use of humor, mutual understanding, and the avoidance of misunderstanding ambiguity should be taken into consideration to avoid an unsuccessful result.

Targets and Misunderstandings in Pollutants Reduction of Power Plants—An Interview with Wang Zhixuan,Vice-Secretary of CEC

● The demand for organics reduction in power industry needs to be analyzed. Generally speaking, the organicsfrom power plants is neither a main source of water pollution nor an emphasis of pollution control.● The normal operation of FGD facilities is the key to fulfill the mission of SO2 emission reduction.● The control of SO2 emission should not be imposed uniformly on all power plants nationwide.● It is difficult to promote the emission trading of SO2 institutionally.● The active policy of levying for SO2 emission starting from zero emission and using levies for SO2 control isunreasonable. It should be reformed as levying only for over-limit emission, and not levying for emissionsbelow limit or levying indicatively.● Environmental regulations on SO2 control should make differences depending on environmental function ofzones, time period of generating units installed and manner of emissions.

Link China issues regulation to clear labor contract law misunderstanding

China's State Council,the country's Cabinet,issued an implementation regulation for Labor Contract Law on September 18 in an effort to clarify confusion surrounding the law.

SOME MISUNDERSTANDINGS ON ROTATION OF CRYSTALS AND REASONABLE PLASTIC STRAIN RATE

It is pointed out that crystals are discrete but not continuous materials. Hence the rotation R in decomposition F=RU and spin W in F -1  are not correct. Errors will arise in plastic deformation rate if it is directly expressed with amounts of velocity of slips in glide systems such as vn. The geometrical figure of crystal lattices does not change after slips and based on this idea a simple way in mechanics of continuous media to get the plastic deformations rate induced by slips is proposed. Constitutive equations are recommended.

SOME MISUNDERSTANDINGS ON ROTATION OF CRYSTALS AND REASONABLE PLASTIC STRAIN RATE

It is pointed out that crystals are discrete but not continuous materials. Hence the rotation R in decomposition F = RU and spin TY in (F) over dot F-1 ore not correct. Errors will arise in plastic deformation rare if it is directly expressed with amounts of velocity of slips in glide systems such as (gamma) over dot upsilon circle times n. The geometrical figure of crystal lattices does nor change after slips and based on this idea a simple way in mechanics of continuous media to get the plastic deformations rare induced by slips is proposed. Constitutive equations are recommended.

The Misunderstandings and Teaching Strategies on English Grammar Learning in College

English grammar teaching in college is a very challenging task, because teachers must not only consider the increase of students＇ communicative competence, but also take care of their grammar knowledge learning in the teaching process. This paper puts forward three teaching countermeasures based on the English grammar learning misunderstanding of college students, namely strengthen the grammar study of psychological counseling, strengthen guidance for English grammar learning method, and choose the teaching method of combination of explicit grammar and implicit grammar teaching.

The Intercultural Aspect in Business： An Approach to Communicative Misunderstandings in the Professional Interactions in Business in Morocco

What are the main difficulties in intercultural communication encountered by the students of the National School of Business and Management of Agadir （ENCGA）/Morocco during their interaction with French native managers in Moroccan companies？ This is the main question we will try to answer in the present article. From two different methods： the participant observation and sound recording of communicative interactions, the study has addressed the fundamental issues related to the problems of communication with the other in an intercultural professional environment. The conclusions drawn from the analysis of the data suggest some pedagogical readjustments to improve the teaching of intercultural communication in the ENCGA,

The Misunderstanding and New Nursing Progress of Pressure Ulcers

In recent years, many foreign and domestic scholars have made a further study on the risk factors, high-risk groups, prevention and nursing of pressure ulcers. For all reasons such as clinical nursing workers and managers, new progresses can＇ t be well applied, and simultaneously pressure ulcers are misunderstood to some extent. These conditions are not conducive to the prevention and nursing of pressure ulcers and the improvement of patients＇ life quality and nursing service quality. Therefore, it is necessary to keep away from the misunderstanding, know well new progresses and reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers.

Discussion on the Misunderstandings of Mental Health Education in Colleges and Universities and the Improvement

Colleges and universities are the educational institutions of training young students. The reform of the modem higher education system requires the personnel training in colleges and universities to lay a stress on the diversified development, so that the traditional single professional course education can be changed. Mental health has a close tie with the personal development trend of each student in colleges and universities, and also developing mental health education is one of the most important parts in higher education. For a long time, colleges and universities always adhere to the personnel-based educational idea and attach high importance to the work of professional course education, but fail to provide enough importance for guiding the detailed mental health of students. Thus, the mental health education in colleges and universities is misunderstood in many aspects, and this is studied in this paper.

Research on the Misunderstanding and Trend of Chinese Population Economy Development under the Economic Transformation Background

In this paper, we conduct research on misunderstanding and trend of Chinese population economy development under the economic transformation background. New normal has become a new annotation, at present, China＇ s economic development can be expected that with the continuous impact of the global financial crisis, the economic development momentum is not really appeared, downward pressure on economic development in a short period of time it difficult to get the effective relief. Know the new normal, therefore, to adapt to the new normal, leading the new normal will be the future a period of an important link to promote the development of our country＇ s economy. Our research combines the general analysis of the economic transformation to form the better pattern for Chinese population economy development which is innovative.

Twist Distribution of Fiber Bundle in Compact Zone of Compact Spinning with Lattice Apron

In the compact spinning with lattice apron, twist distribution of the fiber bundle in the compact zone is influenced by the airflow. In order to study the twist change of the fiber bundle in the compact zone,a theoretical model was established and the twist was calculated based on the experimental parameters. Experiments were carried out to verify the theoretical model. Theoretical and experimental results show consistency. The study indicates that the twist distribution of the fiber bundle in the compact zone is related to the tension, the offset angle and the linear density of the fiber bundle.

Initiation and evolution of coarse-grained deposits in the Late Quaternary Lake Chenghai source-to-sink system:From subaqueous colluvial apron(subaqueous fans)to Gilbert-type delta

Investigating the formation and evolution of coarse-grained deposits in modern lakes and the relevant controlling conditions is indispensable to the prediction of reservoir sandbodies, disaster prediction,and limnological research. The source-to-sink system of coarse-grained deposits in Lake Chenghai, a deep,scarped Late Quaternary lake, was investigated in this study based on 62 outcrops, Advanced Land Observing Satellite(ALOS) digital elevation model(DEM) data, and regional geological survey data. The findings include the following:(1) the source areas of coarse-grained deposits in Lake Chenghai were lithologically classified into carbonate source areas, basaltic source areas and siliciclastic source areas, and were geomorphically categorized as scarp type or confluence type. Subaqueous colluvial aprons have formed downstream of the carbonate source areas and scarp-type basaltic source areas, while Gilbert-type deltas have formed downstream of siliciclastic source areas and confluence-type basaltic source areas.(2) The formation and evolution of coarse-grained deposits are controlled by the sediment flux that evolves in synchrony with the geomorphic evolution of the source areas and the sink regimes. Scarps represent the initial landform of the source areas.Source material rolls off or slides down scarps or forms small-scale debris flows before entering the lake. The source material initially formed subaqueous colluvial apron(synonymous with subaqueous fans) where sufficient space was present to accommodate sediments and the basement angle exceeded than the natural angle of repose. As weathering and denudation have progressed, the initial scarps have transformed into confluencetype slopes, and the source material has formed medium-and large-scale debris flows that have entered the lake, resulting in an increase in sediment flux. Consequently, the subaqueous colluvial aprons have rapidly grown and developed subaerial deposits, which have evolved into larger-scale Gilbert-type deltas that overlie the initial aprons.(3) The morphology and distribution of coarse-grained deposits vary in response to differences in quantity and composition of materials from different source areas, which resulting from different rates of weathering and denudation and different sediment input regimes. Firstly, the size and surface slope angle of a subaqueous colluvial apron from a carbonate source are smaller than those of a subaqueous colluvial apron of basaltic origin. Secondly, a Gilbert-type delta from a basaltic source features a greater slope angle and a thicker topset than does a Gilbert-type delta of siliciclastic origin, and the latter exhibits a longer foreset and a thicker bottomset than in the former. Thirdly, the sizes of subaqueous colluvial aprons are not strongly correlated with the sizes of the source areas, while the sizes of Gilbert-type deltas are.

THE RANDOM ANALYSIS OF APRON SLAB MISSING STABILITY UNDER WATER JET LASHING

The jet flow with high water head happens very often in hydraulic engineering. In this paper, starting from the viewpoint of random hydraulics, the experimental research work on the problem of percussion action of the jet flow related to the apron slab.Stochastic theory and random time series are employed to analyse the sample function x(t) ,its x(t) and x(t) and their corelations μ on M. The working process of the apron during the variation of flow discharge has been observed and the machanism of failure of apron slab is discussed. The lift force due to the action of jet flow is analysed and the conditions of improving the safety factors of apron slab are presented.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLUCTUATING PRESSURE ACTING ON THE APRON OF STILLING BASINS WITH LOW FROUDE NUMBER

Using four types of stilling basin models,this paper studies frequency characteris- tics of the fluctuating pressure acting on the stilling basin apron when Froude number is not greater than 4.5.The testing results show that the frequency of fluctuating pressure,f_s in the ranges of 0. 4Hz≤f_s≤1.1Hz.0.2Hz≤f_s≤2.5Hz and 0.4Hz≤f_s≤3.3Hz.can be used as the design frequency corresponding to three patterns of hydraulic jump.The reliability of f_s for three jump patterns is all nearly equal to 90%.