Investigation on Sinipercine Fishes in the National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Protection Area in Jinjiang River of China

[Objective]The paper was to provide a scientific basis for protection and utilization of sinipercine fish resources in Jinjiang River,the national resources protection area. [Method]A total of 171 specimens of sinipercine were collected from Jinjiang River and its branches,identified and statistically counted.[Result]There were three species of wild sinipercine,including Siniperca scherzeri,Coreoperca whiteheadi and Siniperca kneri,with occurrence frequencies of100%,66. 7% and 50%,respectively. They were common species in the river,and S. scherzeri was dominant. The total allowable catch(TAC) of the three species was not big,and the individuals captured were generally small,and with rare mature individuals. [Conclusion]The resources of sinipercine had a preliminary recovery in the region after the foundation of the national resources protection area for aquatic resources in Jinjiang River in 2009.

Japanese Aquatic Resources Management and Its Enlightenment to China

This article briefly reviewed the history of fishery resource management,especially the basic laws,concepts and basic techniques of aquatic resource management in Japan. It was concluded that the experience of management systems,basic methods,etc. in Japan,as a county that has earlier protected and managed aquatic resources,is worth learning by the establishment of China's aquatic resource management system.

Traditional Utilization of Aquatic Resources in Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania

Aquatic resources are vital for human well-being particularly to rural communities that largely depend?onthem for livelihood. Currently, it appears that pressure from human activities related to utilization has impacted negatively on catchment management, particularly of the aquatic resources. This study focuses on the aquatic resources found in the Eastern Arc Catchments of Tanzania which include Upper Zigi and Lower Mngeta. The study employs catchment community participatory mapping approach so as to elucidate how man interacts with and modifies the aquatic environment, the impacts of their behavior, and the responses to changes which occur. The aim of the research is to realize a more comprehensive understanding of water resource management from a cultural, social, economic, political, and biological perspective and facilitate sustainable socio-hydrological interaction model. The study found that there are some similarities and differences in aquatic resources management and utilization among communities. Also, it established that there are more aquatic resources in Lower Mngeta catchment than in Upper Zigi catchment. The study found out that the manner of utilization of aquatic resources depends on their availability, levels of skills, knowledge, and beliefs among members of the communities of the catchments. It was also found that the traditional cultural structures that regulated aquatic resource utilization are weakening at an alarming rate due to factors such as modernization and the establishment of?the?formal?institution. Weak traditional structures contribute in many ways to mismanagement and destruction of aquatic resources. The study recommends that ecological database should not only focus on the resources stock, but also on the dynamics of resources utilization. This would lead identification of appropriate local actors with knowledge and skills and cultural advantage who can be involved in planning and management of these important resources. It would also help to reverse the negative impact already experienced, promote sustainable practices and eventually guarantee?theavailability?of adequate aquatic resources for the present and future generation.

Assessment and Perceived Impact of Coastal Resource Management (CRM) Programs in the Southern Part of Masbate Island, Philippines

Coastal Resource Management (CRM) are activities that achieve sustainable use and management of valuable resources in coastal areas. This study presents the perceived impact of the coastal resource management (CRM) interventions implemented by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) under the FishCORAL Project in the Municipality of Milagros, Masbate. The respondents are members of fisherfolk organizations, Bantay Dagat (BD), and community members. The CRM projects include mangrove planting, the establishment of marine protected area (MPA) markers, the construction of a watchtower, and the establishment of Bantay Dagat (BD). Respondents were convinced that the interventions affected their daily living, especially mangrove planting projects. Members of fisherfolk organizations carried out the project in Barangays Jamorawon, Magsalangi, and Tagbon. In terms of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP), these could be attributed to the respondent’s appreciation of the intervention, which contributed to the protection of the area from flood, storm surge, and tsunami, support for livelihood, the presence of marine animals (i.e., shrimp and crabs), and apprehension of illegal fishing activities. Destructive fishing, domestic waste, and natural calamities are some identified causes of aquatic ecosystem destruction. In terms of socioeconomic, respondents are provided additional income ranging from Php 1,500.00 - 2,000.00 per month, and fish stocks have also increased. The distribution of fishnets and Banca, livelihood, protection of marine resources, and commitment of legal authorities to enforce related fishery policies are among the CRM activities with a sound impact on the community.

Status of aquatic organisms resources and their environments in Yangtze River system(2017-2021)

The Yangtze River is the mother river of China.To promote the aquatic ecosystem protection of the great river,the Project of Yangtze Fisheries Resources and Environment Investigation(2017-2021)supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China carried out by 24 institutes and universities that located in the Yangtze River basin surveys the status of(1)fish species composition and spatial distribution,(2)current fish abundance,(3)endangered fishes,(4)Yangtze finless porpoise,(5)aquatic eco-environments,(6)water-level fluctuation areas,(7)capture fisheries and recreational fisheries of the Yangtze River mainstream and 10 of its main tributaries,including Yalong River,Heng River,Min River(including Dadu River),Chishui River,Tuo River,Jialing River,Wu River,Han River,Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake.The results showed that there were 443 fish species(belonging to 163 genus,37 families,and 18 orders)before 2017,but only 323 fish species(including 15 new recorded exotic species)were recorded in the project of 2017-2021.Among them,Cyprinus carpio,Carassius auratus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Coilia brachygnathus,Silurus asotus,Saurogobio dabryi,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Pelteobagrus nitidus,Hemiculter leucisculus,Siniperca chuatsi,Coreius heterodon,Culter alburnus,Parabramis pekinensis,and Aristichthys nobilis were the dominant species across the whole Yangtze River system.It is estimated that there were 886 million individuals weighing 124.8 million kg,merely equivalent to 27.3%of the resources in 1950s,30.9%of the resources in 1960s,or 58.7%of the resources in 1980s.In the new list of protected fishes that recorded in the Yangtze River system,only 15 of 29 were collected in this project of 2017-2021.Psephurus gladius has been affirmed to be Extinct by International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN).The wild individuals of Tenualosa reevesii and Luciobrama macrocephalus have disappeared for many years and maybe have been extinct already.Acipenser dabryanus has been affirmed to be Extinct in the Wild by IUCN.The natural propagations of A.sinensis,Myxocyprinus asiaticus and Trachidermus fasciatus have been interrupted for many years.The populations of Yangtze finless porpoise in the Yangtze River mainstream,Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake have steadily rising sizes and expanding distributions in 2017-2021.Parts of them migrate from one region to another with the seasons,which would result in the fluctuation of Yangtze finless porpoise population within some regions.The conventional indicators of water quality in the Yangtze River system were good and conformed to the water quality criteria of fishery in 2017-2021.In the last 40 years,the maximum surface water area in the Yangtze River basin extended to approximately 63,360 km2,the minimum surface water area covered approximately 26,396 km2,and the seasonal water-level fluctuation areas occupied approximately 36,964 km2.Compared with 1984-2000 period,the 2001-2020 period witnessed an overall decreasing trend in the frequency of surface water occurrence within about 25,869 km2 of aquatic areas.From 1984 to 2000 period to 2001-2020 period,permanent surface water has decreased by nearly 8,750 km2.In 2017,the fishermen were mainly 40-60 years old and their educational levels were mainly lower than junior high school.In 2017,most anglers were older than 40 and used hand rod and/or sea rod.Their average catch of each time was mainly less than 1 kg.Results suggested that the fishing ban in key waters of the Yangtze River basin is not only an ecological project of aquatic ecosystem conservation,but also a livelihood project for the fisherman to embrace industrial transformation and improve their living conditions.After the implementation of the fishing ban,the fisheries resources would gradually recover,and the Yangtze finless porpoise population size would also see a steady increase.However,the endangered species would remain threatened for a long time.The degraded waterbodies and water-level fluctuation areas would be the key restrictive factors for future aquatic ecosystem recovery in the Yangtze River basin.Since this survey was carried out before the fishing ban,the current results could provide a baseline for future evaluation of the effect of the Yangtze River fishing ban.

Construction of Case Database for Postgraduate Course Aquatic Animal Pathogen Biology

As an application instructional course for Aquatic Animal Medicine(AAM),Aquatic Animal Pathogen Biology needs to be guided by a large number of examples and cases,but the current case database construction faces many urgent problems.In view of this,this paper analyzes the characteristics of professional education of AAM postgraduate students.With the goal of cultivating applied personnel that meet the requirements of the times,and the guiding ideology of strengthening the reform of the education model in colleges and universities,and improving the quantity and quality of personnel training,it builds a case database for the course Aquatic Animal Pathogen Biology in accordance with modern postgraduate teaching needs.

Reform and Exploration of Integrating"Service Learning"into the Teaching of Pathogenic Biology of Aquatic Animals to Help Rural Revitalization

This paper intends to combine the development trend of the subject,restructure and optimize the course content,and construct the service learning model of Pathogenic Biology of Aquatic Animals for postgraduates.At the same time,through service practice,it is needed to further consolidate curriculum knowledge and skills,stimulate the learning initiative and enthusiasm of postgraduates,expand professional knowledge,improve professional quality,and lay a solid foundation for serving the national rural revitalization strategy in the future.

The Concept of Information Support for Bi-oresource and Ecosystem Research in the North-West Pacific: Theory and Practical Implementation

The first part of the article provides an overview of the theoretical evidence, the main provisions, and the implementation strategy of information support for bioresource and ecosystem research in the north-west Pacific, which has been conducted over the past 20 years in the Russian Far East Research Institute TINRO-Center. In short, the concept consists of a combination of the following four assertions: 1) For the steady and sustainable development of the Russian Far East, the entire Russian Federation and the Asia-Pacific Region in general, environmental, food, economic, and other security is required, which cannot be achieved without the rational use of bioresources based on the ecosystem approach to the management of aquatic bioresources. 2) For the inventory, appraisal, monitoring, forecasting of the state of and management the natural water resources when applying this approach, statistically relevant quantitative information is required on the greatest possible number of constituents of marine biocenosis of the north-western Pacific for the longest possible period of time, which is only available at the TINRO-Center. 3) This valuable data should be organized into databases, based on which geo-information and other electronic information systems are prepared, and based on these map atlases and reference books on natural water resources, using automated workplaces created especially for this. 4) The resulting unique information support will be of great value not only for practical purposes, but also for science, both applied and fundamental. Next comes a summary of the many years of work on the practical implementation of this concept and the key achievements in this field obtained by the TINRO-Center by the end of 2015 are reviewed. At the end, some plans for the near future are outlined.

水资源“量-质-域-流-生”全要素保护体系架构与实施策略

水资源保护是关乎民生福祉和国家安全的重要基础性工作。在新时期生态文明和美丽中国建设背景下,水资源保护亟需向流域化、系统化、生态化方向发展。研究基于对水资源系统多维属性功能的解析,从流域整体视角剖析了人类活动对水资源系统的干扰特征,提出了水资源“量-质-域-流-生”全要素保护策略,明确了水资源全要素保护的概念、内涵及体系架构。进一步,从服务于我国水资源管理实践角度,提出了以“退水还河、退污还清、退地还盆、退堵还疏、退渔还生”为核心的水资源全要素保护策略,明确了东北地区、黄淮海地区、长江中下游地区、东南沿海地区、西南地区、西北地区的水资源保护核心要点。最后,从政策法规、制度建设、监管体系等提出了推进我国水资源全要素保护的对策与措施。研究成果是对传统水资源保护工作的有益发展,为新时期国家治水实践提供了有力抓手。

水产资源刑法保护的实践面向与规范适用研究

我国行政法和刑法对水产资源双重保护的法律体系已经形成。水产资源行政保护规范的专门化设置和刑法保护规范的精细化调整对司法实践的理性化规制提出了新要求。水产资源刑法保护司法实践呈现出违法性判断中实质性解释欠缺、罪量要素违法评价机能缺位以及共同责任与上下游责任界定模糊的特征,需要从罪质、罪量和关联责任方面进行完善。水产资源刑法保护的罪质厘定,应在厘清水产资源犯罪双重违法性的评判立场与认定路径的前提下,对水产资源犯罪危害行为的时空要素和手段要素进行实质解释。水产资源犯罪“情节严重”的罪量标准呈现出“以侵害方式为主、犯罪数额为辅”的二元评价模式,宜准确把握犯罪数额要素的多维嬗变,对侵害方式要素进行有限化出罪,明确兜底性规定的一般判断规则和特殊情形中的规范借力。水产资源共同犯罪责任的划定以二元审查机制为基础,具体要依照共同犯罪的组织方式和行为特点进行类型化分析,对水产资源上下游犯罪责任判别的关键词要精准解释。

长江流域青海区域水生生物完整性评价

依据《长江流域水生生物完整性指数评价办法(试行)》的要求和指标,通过梳理历史记录和文献,厘清了长江流域青海区域水生生物完整性评价的基准值;于2022年开展全面系统地野外调查,并对研究区域的水生生物完整性进行了评价。结果显示:长江流域青海区域鱼类种类基准值为20种,鱼类种类现状值为19种;长江在青海省境内的长江源河段、大渡河源河段,以及长江流域青海区域整体的水生生物完整性得分分别为88.22,82.67分和81.56分,完整性等级均为“良”。其中,长江源河段历史有记录以来的15种鱼类在此次调查中均被发现,反映长江源流域水生生物群落受人类干扰较少,重点保护物种完整。研究区域鱼类栖息地生境良好,但主要制约完整性的因素是水电站对河流的阻隔、外来物种入侵和关键物种川陕哲罗鲑的缺失。研究结果可为全面评估长江水生态完整性提供青海区域的基础数据,还可为科学评估长江十年禁捕成效、针对性开展水域生态修复提供科学依据。

山东省水产种业高质量发展战略研究

山东是我国渔业大省,肩负着打造“蓝色粮仓”,构筑“海上田园”的重要使命。山东省水产种业的高质量发展,对于贯彻落实“大食物观”,保障我国水产品的持续、多样供给具有重要意义。本文基于文献分析、实地调研等方式,系统地梳理了山东省水产种业发展现状,指出了山东省水产种业在顶层设计规划、优异种质资源收集与保存、高效育种技术创新与应用、突破性新品种培育以及种业龙头企业打造等方面存在的不足,有针对性地提出了山东省养殖鱼类、贝类、虾蟹、参藻种业以及种业经济发展的远景目标、重点任务和行动建议,以期为山东省水产种业高质量发展提供参考。

山东省黄河三角洲水生耐盐药用植物资源调查与分析

对山东省黄河三角洲地区水生耐盐药用植物的种类、生活型及对应药材入药部位、药性、功效进行统计调查分析。共调查到野生水生耐盐药用植物299种。根据恩格勒分类系统,这些植物隶属于76科204属;生活型以草本型为主,共222种。以299种药用植物为基源的药材共338种,其中全草入药药材144种,占药材种类数的42.60%;平性药材最多,共85种;苦味药、甘味药和辛味药数量较其他药味具有明显优势;以功效分类,清热药、利水渗湿类、活血化瘀类、化痰止咳类、止血药和补虚药占优势。针对水生耐盐药用植物特点,结合该区域自然状况,提出了合理开发和综合利用的建议。

化学生物学课程实践性教学探索——以药物化学ChEMBL数据库应用为例

化学生物学作为一门新兴的交叉学科,在教学中需要引入当前先进的信息学内容。在课程的教学中常常涉及大量的化合物及药物的知识介绍,我们在教学中尝试引入药物化学信息ChEMBL数据库的内容到本科生化学生物学课程中。ChEMBL是一个开放数据库,包含大量药物化合物的结构、功能和药代动力学等信息。这些数据定期从主要发表的文献中提取,然后通过进一步的策划和标准化,以最大限度地提高它们在化学生物学和药物发现研究中的效用。将ChEMBL数据资源引入到化学生物学本科教学中,使学生能够利用网络数据对所学到的药物分子进行分析,取得了较好的教学效果。

基于改进生物迁徙算法的双资源柔性作业车间节能调度问题

节能调度是面向绿色制造的车间调度问题,已成为制造领域的研究热点。针对具有机器和工人双资源约束的柔性作业车间,综合考虑工人学习效应和工件运输时间的影响,以最小化车间能耗为目标,提出一种改进的生物迁徙算法(MBMA)。该算法采用基于工件-机器-工人的三段式编码方法表示调度解,并设计了一种种群初始化方法,以改善初始调度解的质量。考虑到基本生物迁徙算法无法直接应用于离散车间调度问题,提出一种基于交叉操作的离散迁徙算子,使算法能够直接在离散调度空间内进行搜索。此外,在迁徙算子中引入转换概率动态调整策略,以平衡算法探索与开发能力,另外增加了一种记忆池机制,避免算法过早收敛。对于个体更新算子,设计了一种局部搜索算法嵌入其中,以增强算法局部搜索能力。大量实验结果表明,MBMA算法的计算结果优于其他算法。

环境生物类课程本科生教学改革与实践

课堂教学改革是影响课堂教学效率及课程改革结果的核心环节,也是培养解决生态环境问题的复合型人才的重要切入点。选择环境生物类课程体系作为对象,在分析目前课程教学现状的前提下,从课程内容、课堂教学手段与方法、教学资源构建进行了系统分析,并提出课程引入视频、案例及实践项目强化教学内容,在理解课程内部、课程体系、教学内容与教学实践之间关系的基础上丰富教学手段与方法,同时积极利用电子资源,拓宽学生视野。最后对已取得的初步成效及其下一步存在的问题进行了分析和思考。

污染物扩散范围内保护区水生生物资源损害评估方法的不足及其改进

通过实证分析,发现利用《建设项目对国家级水产种质资源保护区(淡水)影响专题论证报告编制指南(试行)》提供的方法,在评估污染物扩散范围内生物资源的损害及其经济价值损失时结果明显过低。分析发现现有方法存在以下3个问题:一是未考虑到河流的流动性,将预测得到的污染物浓度超标面积或体积等同于排污期间实际受影响的面积或体积;二是未考虑鲢、鳙鱼对浮游动植物的实际利用率;三是未充分考虑浮游植物自身具有的高速增殖能力。本研究提出用废水排放期间浓度增值区河水流量来代替原计算公式中的体积,并对鲢鳙鱼对浮游动植物的利用率进行了修订,可为进一步完善扩散型污染造成的河流生物资源损失评估方法提供参考。分析发现浮游植物或浮游动物密度、污染区流过水量、浮游生物损失率和鲢、鳙鱼对其利用率等参数都会影响到评估结果,在开展经济损失评估时应保证这些参数适用情景的一致性。

破坏水生野生动物资源刑事案件的实证分析

在生态文明建设的时代背景下,完善刑法对水生野生动物相关犯罪的惩治是野生动物保护的重要保障。我国《刑法》第151条、340条、341条对破坏水生野生动物资源犯罪进行了规定,《关于办理破坏野生动物资源刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》针对破坏野生动物资源犯罪的新情况和新问题,调整了破坏野生动物资源犯罪的定罪量刑标准。通过对2021—2022年相关样本进行分析发现,司法实践中仍存在刑法保护范围狭小、犯罪门槛降低、刑事处罚轻于行政处罚、缓刑适用率过高、无限额罚金制实务操作性不强、预防救济措施缺乏等问题。建议完善刑法对水生野生动物资源的保护体系,调整司法解释的相关规定,构建完整的刑罚适用体系,以期全链条惩治破坏水生野生动物资源犯罪,有力保护生态环境,维护生物多样性和生态平衡。

我国水产种苗产业国际竞争力分析

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