Little is known about the diversity and status of endemic freshwater fishes which are valuable bio-indicators of ecosystem health and an integral part of a country’s natural heritage. Some of the less studied areas i...Little is known about the diversity and status of endemic freshwater fishes which are valuable bio-indicators of ecosystem health and an integral part of a country’s natural heritage. Some of the less studied areas in the Philippines are the river systems in the Cordillera which are equally important as that of the other freshwater systems in the country. Amburayan River in Kapangan, Benguet is one of the rivers in the said region. Thus assessment study of the diversity of macro aquatic species was conducted to provide a baseline data in the formulation of resource management strategies and polices. By using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative research methods, the study determined and identified the presence of macro species in the study area. It applied the National Stock Assessment Program (NSAP) procedures in the gathering of samples while identification and determination of fish stocks were done by morphometric analysis of the catch with the help of available references and assistance of experts. This is later verified through submission of samples to the National Fisheries Research Development Institute (NFRDI) as part of the NSAP areas for DNA analysis. The measurement of the impacts of human activities to the river systems was done using the checklist method by Smith and Smith. The study found that there is low biodiversity of macro aquatic species in the area because of the presence of introduced species, illegal fishing practices, quarrying and mining activities. There are also no indigenous or traditional management measures conducted to conserve the river ecosystem biodiversity. The study recommended that similar study be done in other areas of the river and that the government agencies to undertake fisheries programs which would regulate the exploitation and utilization and allow regeneration of macro aquatic species in the river system.展开更多
Coastal Resource Management (CRM) are activities that achieve sustainable use and management of valuable resources in coastal areas. This study presents the perceived impact of the coastal resource management (CRM) in...Coastal Resource Management (CRM) are activities that achieve sustainable use and management of valuable resources in coastal areas. This study presents the perceived impact of the coastal resource management (CRM) interventions implemented by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) under the FishCORAL Project in the Municipality of Milagros, Masbate. The respondents are members of fisherfolk organizations, Bantay Dagat (BD), and community members. The CRM projects include mangrove planting, the establishment of marine protected area (MPA) markers, the construction of a watchtower, and the establishment of Bantay Dagat (BD). Respondents were convinced that the interventions affected their daily living, especially mangrove planting projects. Members of fisherfolk organizations carried out the project in Barangays Jamorawon, Magsalangi, and Tagbon. In terms of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP), these could be attributed to the respondent’s appreciation of the intervention, which contributed to the protection of the area from flood, storm surge, and tsunami, support for livelihood, the presence of marine animals (i.e., shrimp and crabs), and apprehension of illegal fishing activities. Destructive fishing, domestic waste, and natural calamities are some identified causes of aquatic ecosystem destruction. In terms of socioeconomic, respondents are provided additional income ranging from Php 1,500.00 - 2,000.00 per month, and fish stocks have also increased. The distribution of fishnets and Banca, livelihood, protection of marine resources, and commitment of legal authorities to enforce related fishery policies are among the CRM activities with a sound impact on the community.展开更多
In our previous study,we prepared the granules by embedding artemisinin into alginate-chitosan using microcapsule technology.These granules can release artemisinin sustainably and have a strong inhibitory effect on th...In our previous study,we prepared the granules by embedding artemisinin into alginate-chitosan using microcapsule technology.These granules can release artemisinin sustainably and have a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of both single Microcystis aeruginosa and mixed algae.To safely and effectively use artemisinin sustained-release granules to control algal blooms,the ecotoxicity was studied by assessing their acute and chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna(D.magna)and Danio rerio(D.rerio),along with their antioxidant activities.The results showed that the 48-h median effective concentration(EC50)of pure artemisinin to D.magna was 24.54 mg/L and the 96-h median lethal concentration(LC50)of pure artemisinin to D.rerio was 68.08 mg/L.Both values were classified as intermediate toxicity according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).The optimal algae inhibitory concentration of artemisinin sustained-release granules(1 g/L)had low acute toxicity to both D.magna and D.rerio.The sustained-release granules had higher chronic toxicity to D.magna than to D.rerio.Partial indices of D.magna were inhibited by granules when the concentrations were larger than 0.1 g/L.Low granule concentration had an inductive effect on antioxidant enzyme activities in D.magna and D.rerio.With the increase of the exposure concentration and time,the enzyme activity presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the overall changes were significant.The change trend and range of enzyme activity indicated that the granules could cause serious oxidative stress to D.magna and D.rerio,and the changes were consistent with the results of toxicity experimentation.展开更多
In environmental risk assessments（ERA）, biomarkers have been widely used as an early warning signal of environmental contamination. However, biomarker responses have limitation due to its low relevance to adverse ou...In environmental risk assessments（ERA）, biomarkers have been widely used as an early warning signal of environmental contamination. However, biomarker responses have limitation due to its low relevance to adverse outcomes（e.g., fluctuations in community structure, decreases in population size, and other similar ecobiologically relevant indicators of community structure and function）. To mitigate these limitations, the concept of adverse outcome pathways（AOPs） was developed. An AOP is an analytical, sequentially progressive pathway that links a molecular initiating event（MIE） to an adverse outcome. Recently, AOPs have been recognized as a potential informational tool by which the implications of molecular biomarkers in ERA can be better understood. To demonstrate the utility of AOPs in biomarker-based ERA, here we discuss a series of three different biological repercussions caused by exposure to benzo（a）pyrene（Ba P）, silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs）, and selenium（Se）. Using mainly aquatic invertebrates and selected vertebrates as model species, we focus on the development of the AOP concept. Aquatic organisms are suitable bioindicator species whose entire lifespans can be observed over a short period; moreover, these species can be studied on the molecular and population levels.Also, interspecific differences between aquatic organisms are important to consider in an AOP framework, since these differences are an integral part of the natural environment.The development of an environmental pollutant-mediated AOP may enable a better understanding of the effects of environmental pollutants in different scenarios in the diverse community of an ecosystem.展开更多
An environmental risk assessment was performed for pharmaceutical compounds present in the aquatic environment of China. Predicted environmental concentration （PEC） of the compounds were calculated according to Euro...An environmental risk assessment was performed for pharmaceutical compounds present in the aquatic environment of China. Predicted environmental concentration （PEC） of the compounds were calculated according to European Medicines Evaluation Agency （EMEA） guidelines. Available ecotoxicological data compromised by applying a very conservative assessment factor （AF） were employed to calculate the predicted noeffect concentration （PNEC）. The screening principle and the risk assessment were based on risk quotient （RQ）, which derived from the PEC and related PNEC values. PEC results indicated that all the compounds except sulfadimethoxine and levocamitine, should carry out phase II risk assessment in EMEA guideline. RQ values suggested that more than 36 pharmaceuticals may be imposed health threats to the aquatic environment; especially the antibiotic therapeutic class including amoxicillin, sulfasalazine, trimethoprim, oxytetracycline and erythromycin showed high RQ values. These substances with high RQ value （RQ≥ 1） were regarded as top- priority pharmaceuticals for control in the aquatic environment of China. However, the antibiotic substances which had low risk quotient （RQ 〈 1）, should be reassessed by its potentially induced resistance under low concentration in future.展开更多
文摘Little is known about the diversity and status of endemic freshwater fishes which are valuable bio-indicators of ecosystem health and an integral part of a country’s natural heritage. Some of the less studied areas in the Philippines are the river systems in the Cordillera which are equally important as that of the other freshwater systems in the country. Amburayan River in Kapangan, Benguet is one of the rivers in the said region. Thus assessment study of the diversity of macro aquatic species was conducted to provide a baseline data in the formulation of resource management strategies and polices. By using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative research methods, the study determined and identified the presence of macro species in the study area. It applied the National Stock Assessment Program (NSAP) procedures in the gathering of samples while identification and determination of fish stocks were done by morphometric analysis of the catch with the help of available references and assistance of experts. This is later verified through submission of samples to the National Fisheries Research Development Institute (NFRDI) as part of the NSAP areas for DNA analysis. The measurement of the impacts of human activities to the river systems was done using the checklist method by Smith and Smith. The study found that there is low biodiversity of macro aquatic species in the area because of the presence of introduced species, illegal fishing practices, quarrying and mining activities. There are also no indigenous or traditional management measures conducted to conserve the river ecosystem biodiversity. The study recommended that similar study be done in other areas of the river and that the government agencies to undertake fisheries programs which would regulate the exploitation and utilization and allow regeneration of macro aquatic species in the river system.
文摘Coastal Resource Management (CRM) are activities that achieve sustainable use and management of valuable resources in coastal areas. This study presents the perceived impact of the coastal resource management (CRM) interventions implemented by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) under the FishCORAL Project in the Municipality of Milagros, Masbate. The respondents are members of fisherfolk organizations, Bantay Dagat (BD), and community members. The CRM projects include mangrove planting, the establishment of marine protected area (MPA) markers, the construction of a watchtower, and the establishment of Bantay Dagat (BD). Respondents were convinced that the interventions affected their daily living, especially mangrove planting projects. Members of fisherfolk organizations carried out the project in Barangays Jamorawon, Magsalangi, and Tagbon. In terms of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP), these could be attributed to the respondent’s appreciation of the intervention, which contributed to the protection of the area from flood, storm surge, and tsunami, support for livelihood, the presence of marine animals (i.e., shrimp and crabs), and apprehension of illegal fishing activities. Destructive fishing, domestic waste, and natural calamities are some identified causes of aquatic ecosystem destruction. In terms of socioeconomic, respondents are provided additional income ranging from Php 1,500.00 - 2,000.00 per month, and fish stocks have also increased. The distribution of fishnets and Banca, livelihood, protection of marine resources, and commitment of legal authorities to enforce related fishery policies are among the CRM activities with a sound impact on the community.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.91647206 and 51779079)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team at Hohai University(Grant No.IRT13061)+1 种基金the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(TAPP).
文摘In our previous study,we prepared the granules by embedding artemisinin into alginate-chitosan using microcapsule technology.These granules can release artemisinin sustainably and have a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of both single Microcystis aeruginosa and mixed algae.To safely and effectively use artemisinin sustained-release granules to control algal blooms,the ecotoxicity was studied by assessing their acute and chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna(D.magna)and Danio rerio(D.rerio),along with their antioxidant activities.The results showed that the 48-h median effective concentration(EC50)of pure artemisinin to D.magna was 24.54 mg/L and the 96-h median lethal concentration(LC50)of pure artemisinin to D.rerio was 68.08 mg/L.Both values were classified as intermediate toxicity according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).The optimal algae inhibitory concentration of artemisinin sustained-release granules(1 g/L)had low acute toxicity to both D.magna and D.rerio.The sustained-release granules had higher chronic toxicity to D.magna than to D.rerio.Partial indices of D.magna were inhibited by granules when the concentrations were larger than 0.1 g/L.Low granule concentration had an inductive effect on antioxidant enzyme activities in D.magna and D.rerio.With the increase of the exposure concentration and time,the enzyme activity presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the overall changes were significant.The change trend and range of enzyme activity indicated that the granules could cause serious oxidative stress to D.magna and D.rerio,and the changes were consistent with the results of toxicity experimentation.
基金a part of the project (20140342) titled " Development of techniques for assessment and management of hazardous chemicals in the marine environment " funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea to Jae-Seong Leesupported by the " Korea Polar Ocean Development: K-POD " grant (project no. PM14030) funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea
文摘In environmental risk assessments（ERA）, biomarkers have been widely used as an early warning signal of environmental contamination. However, biomarker responses have limitation due to its low relevance to adverse outcomes（e.g., fluctuations in community structure, decreases in population size, and other similar ecobiologically relevant indicators of community structure and function）. To mitigate these limitations, the concept of adverse outcome pathways（AOPs） was developed. An AOP is an analytical, sequentially progressive pathway that links a molecular initiating event（MIE） to an adverse outcome. Recently, AOPs have been recognized as a potential informational tool by which the implications of molecular biomarkers in ERA can be better understood. To demonstrate the utility of AOPs in biomarker-based ERA, here we discuss a series of three different biological repercussions caused by exposure to benzo（a）pyrene（Ba P）, silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs）, and selenium（Se）. Using mainly aquatic invertebrates and selected vertebrates as model species, we focus on the development of the AOP concept. Aquatic organisms are suitable bioindicator species whose entire lifespans can be observed over a short period; moreover, these species can be studied on the molecular and population levels.Also, interspecific differences between aquatic organisms are important to consider in an AOP framework, since these differences are an integral part of the natural environment.The development of an environmental pollutant-mediated AOP may enable a better understanding of the effects of environmental pollutants in different scenarios in the diverse community of an ecosystem.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 41301572） Tsinghua Univcrsity- Vcolia Environnmcnt Joint Research Center for Advanced Environmental Technology.
文摘An environmental risk assessment was performed for pharmaceutical compounds present in the aquatic environment of China. Predicted environmental concentration （PEC） of the compounds were calculated according to European Medicines Evaluation Agency （EMEA） guidelines. Available ecotoxicological data compromised by applying a very conservative assessment factor （AF） were employed to calculate the predicted noeffect concentration （PNEC）. The screening principle and the risk assessment were based on risk quotient （RQ）, which derived from the PEC and related PNEC values. PEC results indicated that all the compounds except sulfadimethoxine and levocamitine, should carry out phase II risk assessment in EMEA guideline. RQ values suggested that more than 36 pharmaceuticals may be imposed health threats to the aquatic environment; especially the antibiotic therapeutic class including amoxicillin, sulfasalazine, trimethoprim, oxytetracycline and erythromycin showed high RQ values. These substances with high RQ value （RQ≥ 1） were regarded as top- priority pharmaceuticals for control in the aquatic environment of China. However, the antibiotic substances which had low risk quotient （RQ 〈 1）, should be reassessed by its potentially induced resistance under low concentration in future.
