不同浓度沼液对日光温室漂浮式栽培空心菜(Ipomoea aquatica)生长和品质的影响

以鸡粪沼液为肥源,通过日光温室内沼液漂浮式栽培试验,研究不同浓度沼液对空心菜生长和品质的影响。结果表明：在3%~5%浓度范围内,鸡粪沼液能显著提高空心菜的叶绿素含量、生物量和Vc含量,降低亚硝酸盐含量。阶段性添加沼液2%→3%→4%→5%浓度处理和一次性添加沼液3%、5%浓度最适宜空心菜的生长,叶绿素含量和生物量均显著高于对照组;阶段性添加沼液2%→3%→4%→5%浓度处理Vc含量最高,为385.2 mg·kg-1,显著高于对照组;各处理空心菜的亚硝酸盐含量均低于我国无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量限量标准（以NaNO2计≤4.0 mg·kg-1）。沼液漂浮式栽培对提高蔬菜的生物量和品质,减少传统营养液和化肥的使用量,解决沼气工程中大量沼液的消纳难题具有重要意义。

Application of iron and silicon fertilizers reduces arsenic accumulation by two Ipomoea aquatica varities

A 45 d pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of silicon fertilizer or iron fertilizer on the growth of two typical Ipomoea aquatica cultivars（Daye and Liuye） and arsenic（As） accumuation of Daye and Liuye grown in As-contaminated soils at different As dosage levels. The results showed that the application of these two fertilizers generally enhanced the growth of the plants, which may be partly attributable to the reduction in As toxicity. The addition of these two fertilizers also significantly reduced the uptake of As by the plants though the iron fertilizer was more effective, as compared to the silicon fertilizer. The accumulation of As in shoot portion was weaker for Daye than for Liuye. The research findings obtained from this study have implications for developing cost-effective management strategies to minimize human health impacts from consumption of As-containing I. aquatica.

Research Progress on Application of Ipomoea aquatica Floating Bed in Eutrophication Water

Research progresses on growth characteristics,application effect and optimization technology of I. aquatica floating bed were reviewed;its application problems in eutrophication water were discussed,and its application prospect was forecasted.

Interactions between Ipomoea aquatica and Microbial Populations

[Objective]This paper was to research the water purification mechanism of Ipomoea aquatica and its correlation with algae and rotifer. [Methods]Taking I. aquatica as the test material,Chlorella vulgaris,Scenedesmus obliquus,Microcystis aeroginosa and rotifer Adineta vaga with different densities were added to the hydroponics nutrients solutions of I. aquatica by the hydroponic ecological simulation method. The growth characteristics of I. aquatica,changes of microbial populations and the consumption status of nutrients in the nutritional solution were determined. And the interactions between the plant and the microbial populations were researched. [Results]When I. aquatica seedlings grew to a certain stage,growth of principal root stopped; while the lateral roots emerged greatly; and the nutrition absorption efficiency enhanced. As the inoculation concentration of C. vulgaris increased,root length of I. aquatica increased relatively great due to the competition for nutrients. The competition and allelopathy of M. aeroginosa and S. obliquus restricted the development of root system of I. aquatica. The grazing pressure of Chlorella vulgaris had little effects on M. aeroginosa,but restricted the rapid growth of S. obliquus. [Conclusions]This research provided data support for the application of fish-shrimp-vegetable aquaculture system.

Rotula aquatica Lour. inhibits growth and biofilm formation of clinically isolated uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Objective:To evaluate the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity of ethyl acetate fraction of Rotula aquatica Lour.(EFRA)against clinically isolated uropathogenic Escherichia coli.Methods:In vitro antibacterial and anti-biofilm studies were employed.The antimicrobial activity of EFRA was assayed by the well diffusion method.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of the active fraction were determined by Resazurin method.The time-kill kinetic assay,acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining,propidium iodide uptake assay,and scanning electron microscopic(SEM)analysis were done to evaluate the efficacy of EFRA in killing uropathogenic Escherichia coli.The anti-biofilm activity was determined by 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium-bromide(MTT)assay and specific biofilm formation assay.Results:The well diffusion assay of EFRA showed a very clear zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli BRL-17.The MIC and MBC of EFRA were 2.5 mg/m L and 5 mg/m L,respectively.The time-kill kinetic assay,fluorescence microscopic analysis,propidium iodide uptake assay,and SEM analysis displayed the effect of EFRA in killing the bacteria.The MTT assay and specific biofilm formation assay showed that EFRA prevented the formation of biofilms.Conclusions:The results of the present study confirm that EFRA could prevent bacterial growth and inhibit its biofilm formation.

水蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica)对含银废水的净化功能研究

本文通过对水蕹菜净化含银废水的室内外静、动态试验研究得出:(1)水蕹菜对离子态银(Ag^+)的去除速率高于对络合态银[Ag(S_2O_3)_2]^(3-)的去除速率即 K_(Ag)+>K[Ag(S_2O_3)_2]^(3-);(2)水蕹菜对银的净化率 R 与污水停留时间 t 呈指数函数关系(R=Ae^(B,t),A、B为常数,B<0),其表面去除负荷 P_S 则与 t 呈幂函数关系(P_S=At^B,B<0);(3)试验证明水蕹菜是生物净化含银废水的优良品种之一。

铁碳内电解耦合蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica)对黑臭污水脱氮效果的研究

构建了铁碳内电解耦合蕹菜技术体系,用于原位净化河道黑臭污水,采用单因素模拟实验,探究耦合体系植株密度、铁碳填料用量和陶粒用量对黑臭污水脱氮效果的影响规律.结果表明,在植株密度为80株/m 2、铁碳填料用量为18 g/L和陶粒用量为52 g/L的适宜组合下,处理22 d后,TN和NH4^+-N的去除率分别为74.1%和99.6%,其质量浓度分别稳定在(13.65±1.24)mg/L和(0.18±0.04)mg/L.水体微生物丰度和多样性有了显著提高,主要优势细菌门是Proteobacteria、Firmicutes和Bacteroidetes,主要优势细菌属为Pseudomonas、Escherichia-Shigella和Diaphorobacter,微生物群落演化更适宜脱氮.耦合体系通过协同作用净化水质,其作用过程包括:铁碳内电解产生质子[H]和Fe^2+提供电子促进自养反硝化、蕹菜根际泌氧促进微生物硝化、陶粒生物膜与根际微生物之间的硝化反硝化作用、陶粒吸附氮.该研究为采用铁碳内电解耦合挺水植物净化河道黑臭污水提供了依据.

Novel C-17 spirost protostane-type triterpenoids from Alisma plantago-aquatica with antiinflammatory activity in Caco-2 cells

Twenty-one protostane-type triterpenoids with diverse structures, including nine new compounds(1 e9), were isolated from the of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. Structurally, alisolides A-F(1 e6), composed of an oxole group coupled to a five-membered ring, represent unusual C-17 spirost protostane-type triterpenoids. Alisolide H(8) is a novel triterpenoid with an unreported endoperoxide bridge. Alisolide I(9) represents the first example of 23,24-acetal triterpenoid. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis, wherein the absolute configurations of 4-6, 8 were further confirmed by the Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD method. Furthermore, all isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in Caco-2 cells, and all the compounds showed remarkable inhibitory activities, with IC50 values in the range of 0.76 e38.20 mmol/L.

特色农产品产业视角下博白蕹菜网络营销研究

加强网络营销是培育特色农产品产业的重要方式。博白蕹菜产业目前虽然发展形势良好,但在网络营销中还存在着产品品牌效应不足、价格便宜低廉、营销渠道不畅及促销效果不佳等问题。因此,要利用现代新媒体手段进行网络营销,加强产品特色IP建设、进行客户价值定价、构建立体营销渠道、积极开展多种促销,以促进博白蕹菜产业发展壮大。

川南“直播稻+泽泻”稻药轮作轻简化种植技术研究与探讨

结合川南的地貌和生态特点,开展了“直播稻+泽泻”稻药轮作研究,从品种选择、轮作茬口问题、栽培轻简化等方面,集成了稻药轮作轻简化种植技术,以供川南地区稻药轮作种植参考。

水生植物种类及覆盖率水质净化效果研究

为探究不同水生植物种类及浮床覆盖率对水体的净化效果,将轮叶黑藻、空心菜、鸢尾、生菜、香菇草、香蒲和水芹等7种水生植物100 g固定于长108 cm、宽60 cm、高65 cm塑料桶中的20 cm×30 cm浮床上,轮叶黑藻直接浸泡在水中。试验用水来自水产养殖池塘,盐度4.5。每个水箱均曝气、盖上透光塑料板。另在9个面积约6670 m^(2)的养殖池塘中设置2.0 m×4.0 m的PVC管结构生态浮床,按照2.5%、5.0%和10.0%覆盖率布设空心菜,不同时间分析各水生植物对主要水质指标去除率。试验结果显示:空心菜对总氮、总磷和化学需氧量净化效果最佳,轮叶黑藻对氨氮和硝态氮净化效果最佳。主成分分析结果表明,空心菜对水体的综合净化效果最强,之后依次是鸢尾、香蒲、香菇草、轮叶黑藻、水芹和生菜。30 d后,不同浮床覆盖率总氮、总磷、氨氮、硝态氮和化学需氧量含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其中10.0%覆盖率组含量最低。因此,种植空心菜可显著降低养殖水体富营养化水平,改善水质。空心菜浮床覆盖率越高,水体中总氮、总磷、氨氮、硝态氮和化学需氧量等指标去除率越高,推荐的浮床覆盖率为10%。

水生动植物协同净化系统对鳜鱼养殖池塘水质与经济效益的影响

为研究水生动植物协同净化系统(褶纹冠蚌+水蕹菜+水稻)对鳜鱼养殖池塘水质与经济效益的影响,设计3个处理,分别为0-F组(对照组,无净化系统)、10%-F组(净化组,水蕹菜和水稻覆盖率各5%)和30%-F组(净化组,水蕹菜和水稻覆盖率各15%),净化组中各塘褶纹冠蚌密度均为每667 m 250只。试验期间定期监测水质和蚌生长情况,结束时测定鳜鱼成活率、产量与水生植物收获量。结果显示:各处理组水温、pH值无显著差异,但净化组的透明度始终高于对照组;试验结束时,0-F组的总氮(TN)质量浓度比初始增加35.5%,10%-F组和30%-F组的TN质量浓度分别比初始时降低23.8%和49.0%,NH^(4+)-N质量浓度分别增加167%、53%和34%,COD_(Mn)质量浓度分别增加138.5%、100.0%和88.9%,各组总磷(TP)质量浓度随时间呈现波动式下降趋势;水质、鳜鱼成活率、产量和经济效益均以30%-F组最优,10%-F组次之,0-F组最差。10%-F组水蕹菜和水稻单产均高于30%-F组,蚌湿重增长率30%-F组高于10%-F组。总体而言,动植物协同净化系统可明显提升鳜鱼养殖池塘水质与经济效益,且植物覆盖率为30%的净化系统应用效果优于覆盖率为10%的净化系统。

水蕹菜浮床覆盖度对淇河鲫的生长及营养品质的影响

为了获得淇河鲫池塘养殖中的最佳水蕹菜浮床覆盖度,试验随机选取360尾淇河鲫,设计水蕹菜浮床覆盖度为0%(C0)、10%(C1)、20%(C2)和30%(C3)4个试验组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,饲养90 d后,测定各试验组养殖水质、淇河鲫的生长、常规营养成分和氨基酸含量,并比较其差异。结果显示,水蕹菜浮床覆盖度仅对鱼肉品质中的甘氨酸、缬氨酸和精氨酸有显著性影响(P<0.05),3种氨基酸的最大值基本上在C1试验组,且各试验组间缬氨酸和精氨酸的含量变化与增重率变化一致。此外,与C0相比,C1、C2和C3试验组均含有较高的粗蛋白和灰分含量及较低的粗脂肪含量,其中C1试验组具有最高的粗蛋白含量和最低的粗脂肪含量。结果表明,10%水蕹菜浮床覆盖度最有利于淇河鲫的优良鱼肉品质的形成,过高的覆盖度则起相反作用。

泽泻斜纹夜蛾防治药剂筛选及其对药材产量和品质的影响

目的:筛选防控泽泻斜纹夜蛾的药剂。方法:采用单因素随机区组设计,选用4种杀虫剂开展对泽泻斜纹夜蛾的田间防效试验,并评价施药后对泽泻产量和品质的影响。结果:30%噻虫嗪SC施药1次和2次的防效最好,对泽泻药材的产量和品质提升效果较好,增产率为15.8%,药材中24-乙酰泽泻醇A和23-乙酰泽泻醇B与23-乙酰泽泻醇C两者总含量均最高,分别为0.038%和0.159%。结论:30%噻虫嗪SC能有效防治泽泻斜纹夜蛾,也有利于泽泻药材的优质高产,具有较好的推广应用价值。

理化因素对川泽泻凝集素血细胞凝集活性的影响

[目的]明确温度、pH和金属离子等理化因素对川泽泻凝集素血细胞凝集生物学活性的影响。[方法]川泽泻块茎经研磨、浸取、硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换和亲和层析柱分离纯化得到凝集素(Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn.Lectin,APL),然后用系列温度、pH和金属离子等理化因素处理凝集素样品,应用倍比稀释法检测凝集素凝集人类血细胞活性。[结果]APL对家兔、家鸡、鲤鱼等动物血细胞无凝集作用,能使人ABO_(4)种类型血细胞发生不同程度凝集,对A型血细胞凝集活性明显高于其他3种血型红细胞。用20~100℃以10℃梯度处理后,川泽泻凝集素在20~40℃凝集活性很强,50℃凝集活性开始降低,在70℃仅具42%的凝集活性,80℃加热10 min完全失活;当pH为低于5.4或高于7.6时,凝集活性逐渐降低,当pH≤3.4或pH≥9.0时,川泽泻凝集素失去血细胞凝集活性;用EDTA透析后凝集素凝集活性基本消失,Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Mn^(2+)、K^(+)等离子能使凝集素凝集活性不同程度恢复。[结论]川泽泻凝集对热稳定性较弱;凝集活性最适pH为6.0~6.8,其凝集活性部分依赖于Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)等金属离子。

滨湖生态湿地养殖池塘利用竹叶草浮床修复水质效果研究

本研究通过对济宁市济宁鑫惠生水产养殖专业合作社滨湖生态湿地改造的精养池塘中设置不同覆盖率的竹叶草浮床,分析不同覆盖率浮床对滨湖生态湿地池塘水质净化的效果,进而为改善滨湖生态湿地养殖水域环境提供参考。实验结果表明:在精养池塘中放置水生植物浮床的池塘中总氮和总磷含量低于对照组;3个实验池塘中,竹叶草浮床覆盖率越大,池塘中总氮和总磷含量越低,去除率越高,化学需氧量的变化趋势很明显,溶解氧值变化较明显;精养池塘中30%的竹叶草浮床具有较好的实用价值。

大田条件下不同钝化剂对空心菜吸收镉的影响及机理

通过大田试验,研究4种钝化剂(赤泥、海泡石、钙镁磷肥和磷矿粉)对两茬空心菜(Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.)生长和镉吸收的影响。钝化剂施用量为:赤泥(0.5%和1.0%)、海泡石(0.3%和0.5%)、磷矿粉(450和900 kg.hm-2)、钙镁磷肥(450和900 kg.hm-2)。结果表明,各钝化剂均能显著降低土壤有效态镉质量分数,钝化能力大小表现为海泡石>赤泥>钙镁磷肥>磷矿粉;钝化剂提高了空心菜地上部生物量,第1茬时(50 d),施用高量赤泥、低量海泡石和高量钙镁磷肥处理生物量增加最为明显,地上部分别增加78.7%、75.2%和76.6%。第2茬(80 d),高量赤泥与高量磷矿粉处理增加最高,地上部分别增加24.6%和34.5%。钝化剂对空心菜镉吸收影响不同,第1茬时对根系和地上部分别起促进和抑制作用,施用高量赤泥和高量海泡石最能抑制地上部镉累积,镉质量分数分别降低27.3%和23.2%。第2茬时,除海泡石外,钝化剂均显著抑制了根系和地上部的镉吸收,高量磷矿粉和赤泥效果最佳。总体来看,赤泥是保障农产品安全的最佳钝化材料,海泡石效果最差。

蕹菜镉积累品种根际土壤水溶性有机质的结构特征研究

采用FTIR和1H NMR、13C NMR研究了蕹菜Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.低Cd品种(QLQ)和高Cd品种(T308)根际土壤水溶性有机质(dissolved organic matter,DOM)的结构特征。结果显示蕹菜两个品种根际土壤DOM均以碳水化合物为主要组成物质,烷基链烃和芳香族物质较少。两个品种根际土壤DOM的结构特征存在明显差异。QLQ根际土壤DOM中羧基C和长链脂肪C的相对含量较T308低,但芳香族物质含量较T308高,烷基链烃物质具有含量高、支链短、分支多的特征;QLQ根际土壤DOM中碳水化合物H含量较T308低,但碳水化合物C含量较T308高,显示碳水化合物结构可能存在品种间差异。推测QLQ根际土壤DOM的结构特征可能影响根际土壤Cd的行为与有效性,导致其对土壤Cd的活化能力较弱,这可能与其低Cd积累特性有关。

蕹菜典型品种的根系形态学特征及与Cd吸收积累的关系

用盆栽土培试验研究4个蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.)Cd积累典型品种的根系形态学指标及与Cd吸收积累的关系.结果表明:品种和土壤对根系形态学各指标的效应均极显著(P<0.01).与non-Cd-PSC比较,蕹菜Cd-PSC总根长、平均直径、根总表面积及总体积均较低(P<0.001);总体积的差异最大(47.37%),总根长(44.50%)、总表面积(43.05%)的差异次之,平均直径的差异最小(7.71%);2类品种的差异主要体现在直径>1.0 mm的粗根上,蕹菜典型品种的根系形态学特征在不同土壤上表现稳定,可能影响根系吸收Cd的能力和Cd在体内的转运能力.

正交试验优化仙桃草总黄酮提取工艺

通过单因素试验和正交试验对仙桃草(Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.)中总黄酮的提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,仙桃草中总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为提取溶剂55%的乙醇、提取温度65℃、提取时间90 min。在最佳工艺条件下仙桃草总黄酮提取率达0.270 1%。