Non-Thermal Biological Effect of Graphene Far-Infrared Ray on Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells

Graphene materials can emit far-infrared ray, but the biological effects of graphene far-infrared ray have not been studied. Furthermore, the non-thermal biological effect of far-infrared ray on organism has not been systematically studied independently of the thermal effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the non-thermal biological effect of graphene far-infrared ray (gFIR) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. In this work, stringent control of the cultivation conditions was carried out to ensure the stability and constancy of the culture and its temperature. Flow cytometry was used to detect the non-thermal effect of gFIR irradiation on cell membrane permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Compared with the control group, cell membrane permeability of the gFIR exposure cells decreased by 4.7%, MMP increased by 16% and intracellular ROS reduced by 10.7%. The results revealed the valuable features of the non-thermal biological effect of gFIR on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, and the further analysis demonstrated that graphene far-infrared materials should have great application value in disease prevention and health promotion.

KELEA, Cosmic Rays, Cloud Formation and Electromagnetic Radiation: Electropollution as a Possible Explanation for Climate Change

The basic premise of this article is that human generated electromagnetic radiation is contributing to global warming. It may do so by diverting an energy force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) from its presumed association with cosmic rays. Cosmic ray delivered KELEA is viewed as normally participating in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). It may do so by transforming electrostatically inert particles into electrostatic aerosols capable of acting as CCN. The resulting clouds act as a reflective barrier to some of the infrared radiation from the sun and, thereby, reduce the earth’s heat. This article proposes that increasing levels of electromagnetic radiation in the atmosphere is reducing the capacity of cosmic rays to deliver adequate KELEA to maintain climate stability through optimal cloud formation. Specifically, the fluctuating electrical fields accompanying electromagnetic radiation may do so by competitively withdrawing some of the KELEA from the incoming cosmic rays. Previously described studies by Dr. Wilhelm Reich attributed to an energy force termed orgone, are consistent with weather activity being inducible using a device that likely delivers KELEA to the atmosphere. In addition to the foregoing consideration, there are many agricultural and industrial applications of KELEA activated fluids that can reduce carbon emissions. It is important that the scope of climate science be broadened to include a detailed understanding of KELEA and of its many potential practical applications in addressing global warming.

Collapse-type shrinkage characteristics in plantation-grown eucalypts： I . Correlations of basic density and some structural indices with shrinkage and collapse properties

Collapse-type shrinkage is one of highly refractory drying defects inlow-medium density plantation-grown eucalypt wood used as solid wood products. Basic density (BD),microfibril angle (MFA), double fibre cell wall thickness (DWT), proportion of ray parenchyma (RP),unit cell wall shrinkage, total shrinkage and residual collapse, which are associated withcollapse-type shrinkage characteristics, were investigated by using simple regression method forthree species of collapse-susceptible Eucalyptus urophyll,, E. grandis and E. urophyllaxE.grandis,planted at Dong-Men Forest Farm in Guangxi autonomous region, China. The results indicated that:unit cell wall shrinkage had a extremely strong positive correlation with BD, moderately strongpositive correlation with DWT, and a weakly or moderately negative correlation with RP and MFA;total shrinkage was positively correlated with BD, DWT and RP and negatively related to MFA, but notable to be predicted ideally by any examined factors alone owing to lower R^2 value (R^2≤0.5712);residual collapse was negatively correlated with BD and DWT, linearly positively correlated withMFA, and had strongly positive linear correlation with RP. It is concluded that BD can be used assingle factor (R^2≥ 0.9412) to predicate unit cell wall shrinkage and RP is the relatively soundindicator for predicting residual collapse

A study on the best irradiation dose of X-ray for Hep-2 cells by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） was employed to study the human epidermis larynx carcinoma cell lines （Hep-2） which were irradiated by different doses of X-ray. The results show that （1） the irradiation of X-ray damages the structure of the CH3 groups of the thymine in DNA, which restrains the reproduction of Hep-2 cells effectively, （2） the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation changes the framework and the relative contents of some proteins, lipids and the nucleic acid molecules intercellular in the greatest degree, and （3） the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation is the best irradiation dose for lowering the degree of the cancerization of Hep-2 cells according to the criteria for the degree of the cancerization reported recently. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of these cells were detected by using flow cytometry （FCM） primarily. It shows that the apoptotic ratio of the Hep-2 cells depends on the irradiation dose to some extent, but is not linearly. And the apoptotic ratio of the 12 Gy dose group is the maximum （20.36%）, but the apoptotic ratios of the 2 to 8 Gy dose groups change little.

Photoemission Spectroscopy and Electronic Structures of LiMn2O4

We study the electronic structures of LiMn2O4 by x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS, UPS） and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy （RPES）. XPS data suggest that the average oxidation state of Mn ions is 3.55, probably due to the small amount of lithium oxides on the surface. UPS and RPES data imply that Mn ions are in a high spin state, and RPES results show strong Mn3d-O2p hybridization in the LiMn2O4 valence band.

Realizing high-performance ternary organic solar cell with thick active layer via incorporating a liquid crystalline small molecule as a third component

In the past two decades, organic solar cells （OSCs） have at- tracted significant attention owing to their merits of achieving light-weight, flexible, low-cost devices [1,2]. Ternary OSC as an efficient way to improve the power conversion efficiencies （PCEs） of OSCs has inspired great interest from researchers to investigate ternary OSCs and result in many efficient de- vices. Ternary OSCs allow collecting high- and low-energy photons by separated semiconductors in a single active layer to minimize the thermalization loss and broaden absorption range to improve the performance of OSCs. However, most reported ternary OSCs only have active layer of about 100 nm in thickness.

Effects of K ions doping on the structure, morphology and optical properties of Cu_2FeSnS_4 thin films prepared by blade-coating process

Quaternary chalcogenide Cu2FeSnS4 （CFTS） nanoparticles, as a kind of potential absorber layer material in thin film solar cells （TFSCs）, were successfully synthesized by using a convenient solvothermal method. Alkali element K is incorporated into CFTS thin films in order to fiLrther improve the surface morphology and the optical properties of related films. X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） were used to characterize the phase purity, morphology and composition of CFTS particles and thin films. The results show that the particle elemental ratios of Cu/（Fe＋Sn） and Fe/Sn are 1.2 and 0.9, respectively, which are close to the characteristics of stoichiometric CFTS. The band gaps of CFTS films before and after doping K ions are estimated to be 1.44 eV and 1.4 eV with an error of ±0.02 eV.