凤丹皮内生真菌Alternaria arborescens发酵产物中甾醇类化合物

目的研究从铜陵凤凰山牡丹根皮中分离得到的一株内生菌Alternaria arborescens的次生代谢产物。方法应用硅胶柱色谱结合半制备高效液相色谱分离技术对发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取部位进行分离纯化,并经核磁共振、质谱分析,与文献对比鉴定结构。结果分离得到6个甾醇类化合物,分别鉴定为(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(1)、麦角甾醇(2)、5α,8α-环氧-(22E,24R)麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(3),5α,8α-环氧-(22E,24R)麦角甾-6,9,22-三烯-3β-醇(4),麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(5)和β-谷甾醇(6)。结论化合物1~6为首次从该内生菌的发酵液中分离得到。

Effects of deficit irrigation on daily and seasonal variations of trunk sap flow and its growth in Calligonum arborescens

Water deficit in arid and semiarid regions affects whole-plant sap flow and leaf-level water relations. The objectives of this study were to clarify how sap flow of Calligonum arborescens responds to different drought stress conditions and to understand its acclimation mechanism to drought environments. A field experiment was conducted for C. arborescens during the growing season to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation on the daily and seasonal variations of trunk sap flow in the shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway, Xinjiang, China. Three dif- ferent water regimes （2,380, 1,960 and 1,225 m3/hm2） were applied at different stages of plant growth. From 1 May to 30 October 2007, a heat-balance stem flow gauge was used to monitor the sap flow dynamics of C. arborescens under different water regimes. Atmospheric evaporation demand and soil moisture conditions for differentially irri- gated C. arborescens were also monitored. The result showed that sap flow exhibited a clear diurnal pattern re- gardless of treatments; the diurnal patterns of sap flow and vapour pressure deficit were very similar under different water regimes and growing seasons, while the slope of the linear regression of this correlation confirmed an in- creasing water regime. The sap flow decreased under reduced water regimes and there was nocturnal sap flow regardless of water regimes, which was mainly contributed to nocturnal transpiration and water recharge. The sap flow peaked before midnight and dropped afterwards with obviously higher values in summer than in other seasons. It is speculated that the water consumption of C. arborescens during the day can be supplemented through the sap flow at night, which increased with increasing irrigation amount. Net radiation was the most significant correlated factor that influenced sap flow velocity and transpiration under different water regimes （R2〉0.719）. Compared with the commonly practiced water regime, the growth of C. arborescens was significantly slower in the stress deficit irrigation, but not significantly different from that in the moderate deficit irrigation. The moderate deficit irrigation would not affect the stability of the shelterbelt and was a more efficient use of water resources compared with the current watering amount.

New flavonoids from bioactive extract of Algerian medicinal plant Launeae arborescens

Objective:To investigate the butanol fraction of the water/acetone extract and isolate of the new flavonoids from Launeae arboescens.Methods:The compounds were isolated by liquid chromatographic methods and their structures were identified by using spectroscopic analysis.Results:The isolated compounds were identified as:7-0-[α-rhamnopyranosyl 4',5,6-Trihydroxy flavone 1,4',5'-Di-Methoxy 7-(5"-Me Hexan)1-oyl flavanone 2,3"-isopropyl pyrano[1":7,4":6]3',4',5',5-Tetrahydroxy flavanone 3,5,4',5'-Tri-Hydroxy 7-(3"-Me butan)-yl flavanone 4.5,7-Dihydroxy-2',4',5'-trimethoxy-isoflavanone 5,5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxy flavonol 6,7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-β-glucopyranosyl]-4',5,7-tri-hydroxy-flavanone 7,7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-β-glucopyranosyl]3',5-Dihydroxy 4'-Methoxy flavanone 8.Conclusions:The presence of different types of bioactive flavonoids in Launeae arhoescens extract can explain the large ethnopharmacological uses and the potential activity of this medicinal plant.

Vascular bundle connection between seed stalk and seed coat of Caragana arborescens

The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology, transmission route of photosynthetic products in the seed stalk of Caragana arborescens Lam. at various stages after flowering and evaluate the role of the seed stalk in seed maturation using scanning electron microscopy. We found that the mature seed stalk mainly consisted of vessels,sclerenchymatous cells and parenchymatous cells. Elongated cells formed a ring at the junction between the seed stalk and seed, and a large hollow was produced by two layers of sclerenchymatous cells in the interior seed, which functions to sustain seed growth. The opening in the center of the ring was closed during an early stage of seed development, and the opening enlarged as the seed matured.There were two routes for material transport, which started from the seed stalk： one from the seed coat to the embryo,and another directly entering the embryo. Vessels, which are abundant in the seed stalk, are the pathway for absorption of nutrients by the seeds. The vessels were densely packed in the seed stalk, and secondary thickening of the cell wall of the vessels was characterized by net thread thickening, while the secondary thickening of the cell wall of the vessels within the seed was characterized by screw thread thickening. The morphological characteristics of the vessels were adaptive to its functions.

Artificial Erythrina Alkaloids from Three Erythrina Plants,E. variegata,E. crista-galli and E. arborescens

Fourteen unprecedented artificial Erythrina alkaloids were isolated from the Erythrina variegata,E.crista-galli and E.arborescens(Fabaceae).The structures of these alkaloids were determined by spectroscopic analyses.Their possible forma-tions were proposed.All isolated compounds showed no cytotoxicity and hypoglycemic activity at cell screening bioassay.

Erythrinarbine,a Novel nor-A ring Erythrina Alkaloid from Erythrina arborescens

Erythrinarbine 2, a novel alkaloid was isolated from the stem of Erythrina arborescens Roxb. Its structure and stereochemistry were elucidated on the basis of the spectral analysis (C-13 - H-1 COSY, H-1-H-1 COSY, NOESY and HMBC).

New isoflavonoids from Erythrina arborescens and structure revision of anagyroidisoflavone A

Five hitherto unknown isoflavonoids,namely erythrinins D-H(1-5),were isolated from the ethanol extract of Erythrina arborescens.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic studies.In addition,the structure of anagyroidisoflavone A(6a)has been revised as 1″-O-methylerythrinin F(6)by re-analysis of the original spectroscopic data.

Evaluation of the Anticonvulsant Activity of the Leaf Methanol Extract of Crassula arborescens （Mill.） Willd. （Crassulaceae） in Mice

Crassula arborescens （Mill.） Willd. subsp. Arborescens is widely used for the treatment of various ailments including diarrhoea, corns, epilepsy and as a purgative. However, no information exists in any literature to verify the acclaimed effectiveness of C. arborescens in the treatment of the various ailments. The study, therefore, intended to investigate the anticonvulsant activity of the leaf methanol extract of C. arborescens in mice. Acute toxicity study and phytochemical qualitative analysis of the plant extracts were also carried out. Chemically-induced convulsion methods were used to assess the anticonvulsant activity of C. arborescens. Standard methods were used for the acute toxicity study and phytochemical analysis of the chemical components of the plant extract. PTZ （pentylenetetrazole）, bicuculline, picrotoxin, NMDLA （N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid） or strychnine produced tonic convulsions in all the mice used. Leaf methanol extract of Crassula arborescens, muscimol, phenobarbitone or diazepam significantly antagonised PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin-induced convulsion. C. arborescens or LY233053 significantly antagonised NMDLA-induced tonic convulsion. C. arborescens or phenobarbitone significantly antagonised strychnine-elicited tonic convulsion. Phenytoin or DMSO （dimethylsulfoxide） did not significantly affect the tonic convulsion produced by PTZ, bicuculline, picrotoxin, NMDLA or strychnine. The LDso value obtained from intraperitoneal administration of C. arborescens was 781.6 mg/kg while that following oral administration of the plant extract was over 4,000 mg/kg. The phytochemical qualitative analysis done showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, reducing sugar, saponins and triterpene steroids. The data obtained in the study show that the leaf methanol extract of Crassula arborescens has anticonvulsant activity which may be underpinned by GABAergic, glutaminergic and glycinergic mechanisms. The high LDso value obtained following the oral administration of the plant extract shows that the leaf methanol extract is non-toxic to animals.

Genetic Variation in Morphophysiological Characters of Seeds of Ceratoides arborescens,a Species Endemic to China

[Objective] The research aimed at investigating the variation in morpho-physiological characteristics of Ceratoides arborescens seeds from Inner Mongolia grassland.[Method] The seeds of six wild C.arborescens populations were collected from Siwangziqi,Xilinhaote,Keshiketengqi and Wengniuteqi in Inner Mongolia grassland;then a total of eight indicators of seed morphology and germination traits were determined,respectively.[Result] There was wide variation in seed traits among different populations of C.arborescens.The variation within the populations was higher than that among the populations,which meant that C.arborescens had a strong adaptability to environment pressure.The seed traits shared a significant positive correlation with each other（r0.931,P0.01）.The three germination-related indices including seed germination rate,germination index,vitality index had significant positive correlations with each other（r 0.836,P0.01）and with seed setting rate（r0.896,P0.01）,but shared weak correlations with morphological traits.There were significant correlations between pappus length and longitude,rainfall,as well as between seed width and temperature,rainfall（r0.801,P0.01）.[Conclusion] The research will provide reference for the seed breeding and collection of germplasm resource.We suggest that collecting seeds from various individuals from each populations will be the preferred strategy to initiate plant improvement program of the species and for gene conservation in seed banks.

NaCl胁迫下钙对沙拐枣(Calligonum arborescens)株高及光合特性的影响

研究了在NaCl胁迫下添加钙盐对沙拐枣(Calligonum arborescens)株高、净光合速率、PSII光化学效率、叶绿素含量等的影响,探讨了外源钙盐对植物在NaCl胁迫下的缓解作用。结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的升高,在未添加钙盐的情况下,植株的株高、净光合速率、Fv/Fm、叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势;8g·L-1 NaCl浓度时,添加CaCl2后植株的净光合速率、Fv/Fm、叶绿素含量均高于同浓度Ca(NO3)2的处理,而16g·L-1 NaCl浓度时,Ca(NO3)2对NaCl胁迫的缓解作用好于CaCl2;当钙浓度为5mM时CaCl2对应的植株高度高于Ca(NO3)2,当钙浓度为10、15、20mM时Ca(NO3)2对株高的作用好。相对于生理指标而言,沙拐枣形态指标对NaCl胁迫不敏感;钙对NaCl胁迫的缓解作用与NaCl浓度有关,即存在一个最佳的钠/钙比值,高过或低于这个比值,钙盐的缓解作用就会下降;CaCl2和Ca(NO3)2对NaCl胁迫缓解作用取决于NaCl的浓度,当植物处于中等程度NaCl胁迫时,CaCl2对生理胁迫的缓解作用比Ca(NO3)2好,若植物所受NaCl胁迫程度比较严重,则Ca(NO3)2的缓解作用好。

Synovial lipomatosis: A rare cause of knee pain in an adolescent female

Synovial lipomatosis is a benign proliferative disease of the subsynovial adipose which can lead to a variety of presentations. Cases of synovial lipomatosis in children or adolescents are rare. This case report describes an adolescent patient with a rare bilateral presentation of synovial lipomatosis. She had been treated for years prior to her presentation for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. She presented with chronic bilateral knee pain, swelling, and mechanical symptoms. Bilateral MR imaging demonstrated effusions, hypertrophy of the synovium, and polyp-like projections of tissue with the same signal intensity as fat which is pathognomonic for synovial lipomatosis. Arthroscopic synovectomy and extensive debridement of polyp like fat projections of the right knee was performed. Histopathology was consistent with the synovial lipomatosis diagnosis. Postoperatively, the patient was satisfied with her outcome with improved pain relief and function in her right knee.