Effect of Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Utilization in Upland Rice-Mungbean Intercropping System

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi （AMF） on plant growth and nutrition utilization in upland rice and mungbean intercropping system was studied. A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and AMF colonization rates of rice and mungbean roots, plant nutrient contents, the ability of nitrogen fixation, and nutrient contents changed in the soil were analyzed. The results were obtained as follows： the rates of AMF colonization of rice and mungbean roots were reached to 14.47 and 92.2% in intercopping system, and increased by 4.11 and 11.95% compared with that of in monocropping; the nirtrogen contents of mungbean and rice were increased by 83.72 and 64.83% in shoots, and 53.76 and 41.29% in roots, respectively, while the contents of iron in shoot and root of mungbean were increased by 223.08 and 60.19%, respectively. In the intercropping system with inoculation of AMF, the biomass of mungbean increased by 288.8%. However, the biomass of rice was not significantly changed among all treatments with or without inoculation of AMF recorded. The number and dry weight of nodules were significantly increased either when mungbean was intercropped with rice or inoculated with AMF. When compared with that of monocropping without AMF inoculation, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron in nodules of intercropping mungbean with inoculation increased by 80.14, 69.54 and 39.62%, respectively. Additionally, intercropping with AMF inoculation significantly increased soil nitrogen content, but reduced soil phosphorus content. We concluded that upland rice-mungbean intercropping system and inoculation with AMF improved the nutrient uptake, the ability of nitrogen fixation and the growth of mungbean.

Maize Crop N Uptake from Organic Material of <i>Gliricidia sepium </i>Coinoculated with <i>Rhizobium</i>and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus in Sub-Saharian Africa Sandy Soil

The effect of green manure of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp) leguminous plants applied for cereal maize cultivation and N uptake by cereal were investigated and analyzed in relation to influence of dual inoculation of gliricidia with microbial symbionts. Two pot experiments were conducted in greenhouse. The first trial was set up to enhance growth of gliricidia with exotic and indigenous rhizobial strains and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and the second to determine the effect of gliricidia organic material on maize growth. Direct 15N-labelling techniques were used to estimate N-fixed by gliricidia plant and N uptake of maize cereal crop from green manuring was calculated. Growth of gliricidia trees estimated by aboveground biomass production and N fixed were positively affected by dual inoculations. This study showed that shoot dry weight and N accumulation of maize cultivated under gliricidia green manure were influenced by its application and indirectly by microbial treatments. The N recovery by the maize accounted 17.32% to 26.52% of N applied as gliricidia organic material. Gliricidia green manure N accumulation and release, and afterward microbial inoculations were substantially determining on maize crop N uptake and growth in sandy soil of Sub-Saharian Africa.

Review of Research Methods on Biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） are essential functional microbiology in natural ecosystems. It is very important to research community composition and di- versity of AMF for achieving sustainable development of ecosystems. The paper described several methods of researching the diversity of AMF, especially for molecular techniques, reviewed the application status of these methods in AMF research, and pointed out that the effective combination of morphological and molecular methods could better reveal the biodiversity and ecological functions of AMF in natural ecosystems.

神东矿区接种AMF对植物−土壤生态化学计量及养分回收的影响

矿区采煤沉陷地植被恢复和微生物复垦是打造绿色矿山的关键点。丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AMF)和恢复植被类型对植物−枯落叶−土壤连续体的生态化学计量学特征及养分回收的影响尚不明朗,但对阐明西北干旱采煤沉陷区生态修复后养分循环和可持续发展具有重要意义。选择复垦10 a后接种AMF与对照的紫穗槐、沙棘、文冠果、欧李、野樱桃5种恢复植被及对应植被的0~10 cm土壤进行研究,旨在探明接菌和恢复植被类型对植物−枯落叶−土壤连续体碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量和生态化学计量比,养分回收率、养分限制的影响。结果表明:5种恢复植被各器官平均养分含量与全国水平相比呈现出高C、P低N的特点,土壤N的缺乏限制了枯落物分解和植物生长。冗余分析表明影响植物生态化学计量的主要土壤因子是土壤有机碳、P、土壤易提取球囊霉素并且土壤养分与叶养分回收在菌根介导下呈正相关。AMF接种提高了植物、土壤养分含量、N、P回收率和土壤碳氮比,降低了植被的氮磷比,进而缓解植物N限制,增加植物生长速率支持恢复植被重建,促进连续体养分循环。在不同人工重建植被中接菌的固氮植被紫穗槐和沙棘养分含量、稳定性及生长速率高。植物−枯落叶−土壤连续体生态化学计量及养分回收特征预测土壤氮限制沉陷区可持续生态恢复,接种AMF则促进沉陷区持续生态恢复的潜力。

The Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Reactive Oxyradical Scavenging System of Tomato Under Salt Tolerance

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）, Glomus mosseae, on oxygen radical scavenging system of tomato under salt stress were studied in potted culture experiments. The response of tomato （Lycopersieon eseulentum L.） cultivar Zhongza 9 seedlings with AMF inoculation and control to salt stress （0, 0.5 and 1.0% NaCl solution, respectively） was investigated. The results showed that the salt stress significantly reduced the dry matter content of roots, stems and leaves, and also the leaf area as compared with the control treatment. However, arbuscular mycorrhizal-inoculated （AM） significantly improved the dry matter and the leaf area in the salt-stressed plants. The effect of AMF on dry matter was more pronounced in aerial bromass than in root biomass which might be due to AM colonization. The activities of SOD, POD, ASA-POD, and CAT in leaves and roots of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal treatment of tomato plants were increased and had different rules under different NaCl concentrations （solution of 0, 0.5 and 1% NaCl）, but all enzymes had a rise in the beginning of treatment under salt stress conditions. The AMF did not change the rule of tomato itself under salt stress, but AMF increased these enzyme activities in different levels. The AMF treatment significantly increased SOD, POD and ASA-POD activities in leaves and roots, whereas it had little effects on CAT in root. O2- production rate and MDA content in leaves increased continuously, which showed a positive line correlation with salt stress concentration. O2- production rate and MDA content in tomato plants significantly decreased by AM treatment compared with nonmycorrhizal treatment. In conclusion, AM could alleviate the growth limitations imposed by saline conditions, and thereby play a very important role in promoting plant growth under salt stress in tomato.

Natural Colonization of Rice by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Different Production Areas

Interactions between plants and soil microorganisms can influence the other interactions in which plants participate, including interactions with herbivores. Many fungi, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF), form symbiotic relationships with the roots they inhabit, and potentially alter defense against pests. The objective of this study was to document the extent of root colonization by AMF on non-flooded rice plants grown under conditions typical of commercial fields. We hypothesized that AMF naturally colonized rice plants in different rice producing field locations. Rice plant samples were collected from areas across the southern United States, including Texas, Mississippi, Arkansas and two research stations in Louisiana. We quantified the amount of AMF colonization in insecticide-free rice plants over three consecutive years(2014–2016). The results revealed natural colonization of AMF in all rice producing areas. In all the three years of survey, rice-AMF associations were the greatest in Arkansas followed by Mississippi and Texas. This research will help draw attention to natural colonization of AMF in rice producing areas that can impact future rice research and production by facilitating agricultural exploitation of the symbiosis.

Advances in the studies on symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of traditional Chinese medicinal plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi reside in the rhizosphere and form mutualistic associations with plant roots.They promote photosynthesis,improve stress resistance,and induce secondary metabolite biosynthesis in host medicinal plants.The AM fungi that are symbiotic with medicinal plants comprise a wide array of species and have abundant germplasm resources.Though research on the AM fungi in medicinal plants began relatively recently,it has nonetheless become an investigative hot spot.Several scholars have explored the diversity and the growth-promoting effects of mycorrhizal fungi in hundreds of medicinal plants.Current research on symbiotic AM fungi in medicinal plants has focused mainly on the effects of inoculating host plants with symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi.However,research on the symbiotic AM fungi in medicinal plants continues to expand,and further study is required to determine the mechanisms by which AM fungi interact with host plants.This paper introduces the diversity of symbiotic AM fungi of medicinal plants and the effects of AM fungi on rhizosphere soil of medicinal plants,including soil structure,microbiota,enzyme activities,etc.This review focuses on the effects of AM fungi on medicinal plants,including antioxidant enzyme systems,drought resistance,nutrient absorption profiles of macroand micronutrients,accumulation of secondary metabolites such as terpenes,phenolic compounds,and nitrogenous compounds,and prevention of diseases.This review is expected to provide a reference for the application of AM fungi in medicinal plant cultivation,biological control,resource conservation,and the sustainable development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry.

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Species Associated with Soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) in Benin

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMFs) could be used to sustainably improve crop yields. The present study evaluated the diversity of AMF species associated with soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) in main soybean-producing areas in Benin. Composite soil samples from 13 production areas at a rate of 04 villages per production areas were collected. A spore trapping device was set up to reveal the diversity of spores. The physical and chemical properties of the soils, the frequency and intensity of mycorrhization of roots, and the diversity of AMF spores were determined in the soil samples following trapping. As result, eight morphotypes belonging to four genera: Glomus, Acaulospora Gigaspora and Disversispora and three families: Diversisporales, Glomérales and Paraglomérales were observed. An important variability of spore densities was observed from one production areas to another with a higher abundance in the production areas of Copargo estimated at 3584 spores/100g soil. The biological diversity indexes as Shannon (0.0311), Simpson (0.0204) and Hill (0.0235), varied significantly (p < 0.05) from one production areas to another. There was significant correlation between the parameters studied, particularly between the physico-chemical parameters of the soils and between the physico-chemical parameters and the biological diversity indexes. For the mycorrhization parameters, the mycorhization frequencies did not vary from one production areas to another, unlike the intensities, which significantly varied from one production areas to another (2.31% to 24.62%). Finally, this study revealed that the physico-chemical parameters of the soils had an influence on the other parameters studied. Moreover, there were an abundance and a significant diversification of AMFs associated with soybean in the different production areas, which are influenced by certain physico-chemical soil parameters.

油茶炭疽病发生与丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)关系研究

为应用丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)防控油茶炭疽病,探究土壤AMF与油茶炭疽病发生程度之间的关系。采用湿筛沉淀法和AMF定殖染色法探究油茶炭疽病发生样点土壤的AMF孢子密度、丰富度、多样性指数和菌根定殖率及病健植株发病率与病情指数间的关系。结果表明,病健油茶根部AMF孢子密度、定殖率具有显著差别,感病油茶土壤中AMF孢子的丰富度与多样性指数有下降趋势(P<0.05);AMF孢子密度、丰富度、定殖率与油茶炭疽病发病率和病情指数呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),多样性指数与油茶炭疽病发病率和病情指数呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。研究发现AMF孢子密度、菌根定殖率、丰富度和多样性指数越大,油茶炭疽病越轻,显示AMF对防治油茶炭疽病具有潜在应用价值。

横断山脉亚高山带几种高山栎林下丛枝菌根菌(AMF)调查

[目的]明确横断山脉亚高山带高山栎林下AMF孢子分类地位。[方法]自横断山脉亚高山带不同地段选择6个高山栎根围土壤和根系样本,对其土壤中AMF孢子利用湿筛沉淀法进行选取。利用AMF特异引物对其ITS区段18S rRNA基因进行扩增,结合形态学与分子生物学手段对其进行鉴定,构建系统发育演化树并推测其亲缘关系。[结果]四川、西藏高山栎林下土壤AMF孢子与根系克隆为类球囊霉属(Paraglomus),云南香格里拉高山栎林下土壤AMF孢子与根系克隆为球囊霉属(Glomus)。克隆结果表明:AMF能够广泛存在于高山栎组植物根系。根系苯胺蓝染色结果可见明显类似丛枝和泡囊的结构。综合高山栎土壤AMF孢子与根际AMF鉴定结果认为,高山栎林下存在大量AMF,且目前不同采样地高山栎林下根围土和根系分别仅发现一种AMF存在,提示各高山栎同时仅能与一种AMF发生共生关系。此外,高山栎林下AMF孢子在演化过程中发生分化并介于Paraglomus与Glomus的分类地位之间,且西藏、四川地区AMF与云南香格里拉地区AMF存在差异。[结论]本研究发现,自然条件下横断山脉亚高山地区高山栎林下菌塘普遍存在AMF,且云南香格里拉地区高山栎根系AM与Glomus属更接近,说明AM在长期演化过程中随地域迁移出现分化。为了解横断山脉亚高山带高山栎林下AMF的形成与演化提供理论参考。

盐胁迫下外源褪黑素和丛枝菌根真菌对月季幼苗生长生理特性的影响

【目的】盐胁迫易导致月季生长发育不良、观赏品质下降,严重影响其在高盐环境或沿海地区室外绿化应用,探究施用外源褪黑素(MT)和接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对其幼苗生长、叶绿素荧光参数以及激素代谢的调控作用,解析它们促进月季适应盐胁迫的生理生化机制,对于增强月季抗盐性,扩大月季应用范围具有重要意义。【方法】以月季品种‘月月红’幼苗为试验材料,采用室内盆栽试验,设置对照(CK)、100 mol/L NaCl胁迫、根际施用MT、根际接种AMF幼套近明球囊霉(Claroideoglomus etunicatum)及其组合等8个处理,考察各处理对月季幼苗生长、叶绿素荧光参数、激素代谢及抗氧化系统的影响。【结果】(1)施用MT可以促进AMF对月季幼苗根系的侵染,提高侵染率、丛枝着生率、泡囊数和侵入点数;(2)月季幼苗株高、茎粗以及生物量等在盐胁迫下显著下降,在MT或AMF处理下均不同程度增加,而AMF+MT处理下株高、茎粗无显著变化,地上部干重、地下部干重分别显著增加24.1%和37.0%;(3)月季幼苗叶绿素含量在盐胁迫下显著下降,叶绿素荧光参数也降低,MT或AMF处理能提高盐胁迫月季幼苗叶绿素含量以及叶绿素荧光参数,AMF+MT处理则使叶绿素总量、叶绿素a/b分别增加46.2%和67.2%,PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、潜在活性(F_(v)/F_(o))、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、有效光化学量子效率(Fv'/Fm')、光化学淬灭系数(qP)分别增加4.9%、51.0%、175.0%、168.7%和92.5%,而NPQ下降42.7%;(4)在盐胁迫下,月季叶片中玉米素(ZT)、赤霉素(GA)、生长素(IAA)含量下降,而脱落酸(ABA)含量增加,MT或AMF处理有利于盐胁迫下ZT、GA、IAA含量的提高以及ABA含量的下降,AMF+MT处理后ZT、GA、IAA分别增加146.9%、116.9%、35.7%,ABA下降21.1%;(5)在盐胁迫下,抗氧化酶SOD、CAT活性增强,超氧阴离子(O_(2)^(-·))产生速率和H_(2)O_(2)累积大量增加,MT或AMF处理有助于增加抗氧化酶活性并减少O_(2)^(-·)产生速率和H_(2)O_(2)含量,而AMF+MT处理能够进一步激活SOD、CAT活性,降低O_(2)^(-·)产生速率和H_(2)O_(2)累积。【结论】接种AMF、添加MT或者AMF+MT处理均可以提高盐胁迫下月季幼苗叶绿素含量,保护叶绿素荧光系统,维持植物内源激素的平衡,激活SOD、CAT等抗氧化酶活性以及降低脂质过氧化和H_(2)O_(2)累积,以减轻盐胁迫对月季幼苗的伤害,促进月季生长,并以AMF+MT处理增强月季幼苗抗盐性的效果更佳。

干旱胁迫下AMF对云南蓝果树幼苗生长和光合特征的影响

采用盆栽试验与称重控水法,将土壤相对含水量分别控制在田间最大持水量的100%、91.68%、82.85%、60.00%、41.86%和21.28%,并在这6个不同的土壤相对含水量条件下,分别设添加苯菌灵(杀真菌剂)(低AMF)和不添加苯菌灵(高AMF)处理,研究干旱胁迫下AMF对极小种群野生植物云南蓝果树幼苗生长和光合特征的影响,揭示云南蓝果树濒危的微生物学机制,为云南蓝果树保护措施的制定与实施奠定基础。结果表明,添加苯菌灵处理显著降低了不同水分条件下的AMF侵染率,说明试验中AMF处理的实生苗在生长和光合特征上的差异是苯菌灵处理下侵染率下降导致的;随着干旱胁迫的加剧,云南蓝果树幼苗的根部AMF侵染率显著降低、叶面积等生长指标和净光合速率(Pn)等光合参数都发生显著变化;高AMF处理可以显著增加水分充足和轻度干旱胁迫条件下云南蓝果树幼苗的大部分生长指标和光合参数,而对重度胁迫下的云南蓝果树幼苗没有显著影响,说明重度干旱胁迫对其影响大于AMF的影响;另外,整合了可塑性指数分析和隶属函数分析两种方法对其抗旱性进行评价,云南蓝果树幼苗基本上无法通过调节形态和光合能力来适应水分环境的变化,但是高AMF处理可使云南蓝果树幼苗具有较强的可塑性和更强的抗旱性。实验结果为云南蓝果树的科学保育及种苗繁育提供了理论依据。

接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对施磷石膏云烟87的生长以及砷污染的影响

【目的】丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)能够促进作物养分的吸收及生长,且对土壤砷污染有一定的抗性。磷石膏(phosphogypsum,PG)因含有丰富的磷、硫等养分可以为作物生长提供必要的养分,同时也可能带来砷污染的风险。【方法】为了探讨接种AMF对云烟87生长的影响以及磷石膏农用可能引起的砷污染风险,通过盆栽模拟试验研究了不同PG添加量(0和40 g/kg以PG0、PG40表示)和接种不同AMF[不接种None mycorrhizal(NM)、接种G.mosseae丛枝菌根真菌(GM)、接种G.aggregatum丛枝菌根真菌(GA)]对云烟87苗期生长及其磷、硫、砷吸收的影响。【结果】试验结果表明:无论接种与否,PG40处理的云烟87植株磷含量、吸收量及吸收效率均显著增加,其地上部硫含量及吸收量也显著增加;除NM处理外,添加PG均显著增加了云烟87根系的硫含量、硫吸收量及吸收效率,并显著增加了其植株的生物量。相同PG添加水平下,与NM处理相比,接种GM显著增加了云烟87根系的磷、硫吸收效率和植株的磷、硫含量及吸收量,另外,GM处理显著降低了其地上部砷含量及吸收量但显著增加了其植株的磷砷吸收比。在PG0处理下,接种GA显著增加了云烟87植株的磷含量及吸收量,并显著增加了其地上部硫含量及吸收量。在PG40处理下,接种GA显著增加了云烟87根系的硫含量和吸收量以及植株的生物量。无论是否添加PG,接种GA不同程度地降低了云烟87地上部砷含量和吸收量从而增加了其地上部的磷砷吸收比。【结论】在所有复合处理中,以添加磷石膏40 g/kg和接种GM对云烟87生长的促进效果较好,对施用磷石膏造成的砷污染有一定程度的抵御作用。

丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对沙棘抗旱性的影响

采用组织化学技术研究了水分胁迫条件下丛枝菌根真菌中碱性磷酸酶活性对宿主沙棘抗旱性的影响。结果表明，菌根内总菌丝量＞功能菌丝量＞活性菌丝量，总菌丝和功能菌丝是活性菌丝的基础，对宿主生物量积累起重要作用的是活性菌丝；具有磷酸酶活性的菌丝对沙棘生长和抗旱作用最强，随着碱性磷酸酶活性的提高，宿主林木鲜重增加，萎蔫系数降低。活性菌丝通过直接参与宿主林木磷素营养物质的交换，改善林木养分和水分状况，提高林木抗旱性。

大气CO_2倍增对植物根内AMF群落的影响

采用环境控制生长室控制CO2浓度的方法，研究了CO2浓度（350—400μmol mol^-1和680—750μmol mol^-1对植物根内丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi，AMF）群落的影响。12种宿主植物于CO2浓度不同的生长室栽培180d后收获取样，通过CTAB法提取共生菌根内丛枝菌根真菌的DNA，由特异引物U1／U2扩增编码核糖体28S大亚基的rDNA部分序列，并进行DGGE电泳分析。结果表明。12种植物根内的AMF存在特异的AMF类群（unique species group，US）和共有类群（common species group，CS），而且CO2浓度倍增使US减少而CS增加。与350μmol mol^-1 对照相比，700μmol mol^-1处理的玉米、刺苋、大豆、陆稻、无芒稗、黑麦草6种植物的AMF群落多样性下降，下降幅度分别达27．12％、16．84％、10．12％、8．62％、8．58％和2．67％；白车轴、牛筋草、早熟禾、鼠曲草、野燕麦、北美车前6种植物的AMF群落多样性上升，分别达76．26％、28．50％、17．60％、15．08％、1．46％和0．96％。CO2倍增处理后12种植物的AMF多样性平均指数略呈上升趋势。研究指出未来环境变化（如CO2增加）将影响AMF群落结构从而影响菌根共生体的形成。

生石灰—丛枝菌根真菌对酸性锡尾矿化学性质及6种草本植物生长的影响

【目的】研究生石灰—丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)—草本植物协同作用对酸性锡尾矿的改良效应,筛选酸性锡尾矿适生优势植物。【方法】采用盆栽试验研究生石灰与AMF混合菌剂对锡尾矿上黄茅[Heteropogon contortus(L.)Beauv.]、香根草[Chrysopogon zizanioides(L.)Roberty]、狗牙根[Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.]、苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)、狗尾草[Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv.]和黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)生长、重金属累积和根际主要理化性状的影响。【结果】与对照处理相比,添加生石灰—AMF可提高尾矿pH值、有机质和速效养分含量,且显著增加6种草本植物生物量,尤以黑麦草增加最多。所有复合处理中,生石灰处理下黄茅根际尾矿pH值最高,较改良前提高了0.92;生石灰—AMF处理下,香根草根际尾矿有机质含量较高,较改良前提高了7.6倍;苜蓿和黑麦草根际尾矿碱解氮和速效磷含量相对较高,分别较改良前提高约14倍和21倍。生石灰—AMF—草本植物组合可有效降低根际尾矿有效态Cu、Pb含量,分别降低了15.66~17.07和1.43~1.48 mg/kg,而仅有生石灰—AMF—狗尾草或黑麦草组合可有效降低有效态Cd含量,降低了0.58~0.59 mg/kg。【结论】生石灰—AMF—草本植物协同有助于锡尾矿的改良。在生石灰—AMF组合改良下,建议推荐黑麦草、黄茅、香根草和苜蓿为酸性锡尾矿植被恢复的先锋植物。

外源磷与AMF对间作玉米种植红壤无机磷形态的影响

通过三室隔网分室盆栽模拟试验,研究了分室不同磷(P)源[无机磷(磷酸二氢钾)和有机磷(大豆卵磷脂),P添加量均为50 mg·kg-1]添加和根室接种不同丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)[Glomus mosseae(GM)、Glomus etunicatum(GE)]对间作玉米种植红壤无机磷形态的影响。结果表明:无论接种与否,间作处理使根室土壤有效磷含量显著降低,说明间作能够促进玉米植株对土壤有效磷的吸收,且有效磷的耗竭从根际土壤开始。除OP50-单作玉米处理的Org-P外,接种AMF均一定程度增加了各形态无机磷含量。此外,根室土壤有效磷的主要组分为Ca2-P、Al-P和Org-P,其中Org-P与土壤有效磷有着极显著的负相关关系。

模拟增温条件下接种AMF对夏蜡梅幼苗生长与光合生理特性的影响

全球变暖已对植物尤其是珍稀濒危植物产生重要影响。AMF对植物应对气候变化具有重要意义,但是在濒危植物应对气候变暖过程中发挥的作用并不清楚。以濒危植物夏蜡梅(Sinocalycanthus chinensis)一年生幼苗为对象,研究人工模拟增温条件下接种AMF对其生长、形态建成、光合生理、抗氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化程度、营养物质积累和叶绿素相对含量的影响。实验共4个处理:模拟增温条件下添加AMF(AMF+SW)、添加AMF(AMF)、模拟增温(SW)和对照(CK)。结果表明:(1)接种AMF对幼苗株高、叶宽长比、总根长、根平均直径、根尖总数、比根长和比根表面积有显著影响。(2)AMF+SW条件下幼苗光合日进程呈现出明显"双峰"曲线,AMF显著提高叶片日均净光合速率(P_n);光合有效辐射大于50μmol m^(-2)s^(-1)时,AMF+SW和AMF处理的P_n、最大净光合速率P_(nmax)和呼吸速率R_d显著高于CK;胞间CO_2浓度大于100μmol CO_2/mol时,AMF+SW与AMF处理的P_n、AMF+SW处理的初始羧化效率(α)及AMF处理的光合能力(A_(max))显著高于CK,而AMF+SW和AMF处理的CO_2补偿点均低于CK。(3)AMF处理的叶可溶性糖显著高于其它处理,AMF+SW和AMF处理的叶可溶性蛋白显著高于CK。因此,AMF能显著促进夏蜡梅幼苗的形态建成和光合作用;在模拟增温条件下,接种AMF对夏蜡梅光合生理具有显著影响。

杉木与浙江楠混交对根系分泌物和丛枝菌根真菌群落结构的影响

【目的】研究杉木与浙江楠混交对根系分泌物和土壤中丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)群落结构的影响,为杉木人工纯林“针改阔”的树种选择提供参考,为提高杉-阔混交林生产力提供理论依据和思路。【方法】在杉木纯林、浙江楠纯林、杉木与浙江楠混交林中,采集0~20 cm土层样品,分析纯林和混交林土壤中根系分泌物和AMF群落结构差异,阐明混交林根系分泌物对AMF群落结构变化的影响。【结果】纯林与混交林土层样品中共检出含量高且具有化感活性的主要分泌物5种:2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、油酸甲酯、棕榈酸、硬脂酸,其中油酸甲酯、棕榈酸、硬脂酸含量在不同林分间差异显著。浙江楠纯林根际土壤中含AMF属的OTU数量最多、多样性和相对丰度最高,混交林次之,杉木纯林最低;3种林分土壤AMF优势属均为Glomus属,混交显著降低Glomus占比、提高Gigaspora占比。相关分析表明,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对杉木纯林土壤AMF群落结构影响较大,油酸甲酯对混交林土壤AMF群落结构影响较大。【结论】杉木与浙江楠混交使土壤化感物质含量发生改变,影响土壤微生物结构组成,AMF群落多样性和丰富度显著高于杉木纯林。

AMF对宿根高粱抗氧化特性及铯富集能力的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了Glomus geosporum,Glomus mosseae,Glomus versiforme以及Glomus etunicatum等4种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对土壤低放核素铯污染胁迫下宿根高粱抗氧化特性和铯富集能力的影响。结果表明,AMF处理均不同程度的增加了宿根高粱地上部和地下部CAT、SOD活性以及根系活力,显著降低了H2O2含量和·O2-产生速率(P<0.05),以G.mosseae和G.etunicatum处理效果较好;同时,外源AMF处理显著增加了宿根高粱地上部和地下部Cs含量、富集系数和转运系数(P<0.05),降低了Cs在土壤中的残留量,均以G.mosseae和G.etunicatum处理效果较好。