Psychological Archetypes

Background: Psychological archetypes are according to Carl Jung universal, archaic patterns and images that are derived from the collective unconscious and are the psychic counterpart of an instinct. Besides fundamental Jungian archetypes (persona, shadow, anima, animus, great mother, wise old man, hero, self and self-realization), there may be plenty of other psychological archetypes, existence of which can be deduced indirectly through stories, art, myths, religions or dreams. Purpose: This review article is to discuss the myths of Medusa, Hades and Persephone, as well as psychological archetypes present in art and stories. Methods: Several famous psychological archetypes deducted from myths, art and culture, are presented in this article and discussed from medical, psychological and philosophical perspective. Results: Interpretation of psychological archetypes deduced from here presented myths and works of art are posttraumatic embitterment disorder (Medusa), arranged marriage (Hades and Persephone), duality of human nature (Jekyll and Hyde), shared psychosis (Harley Quinn and Joker), fear, phobias, child abuse and childhood traumas (It), instinctive fear of clinical and psychic/emotional vampirism (vampires), the mystery of time (Langoliers). Conclusion: Psychological archetypes represent the powerful source of artistic and scientific inspiration originating from collective unconscious. Research, discovery and understanding of psychological archetypes may be of great value as these reveal universal human thoughts, fears, desires, tendencies, and problems being present throughout the history of humankind. Investigation of psychological archetypes may significantly improve our knowledge of human psychology.

The Biblical Archetypes in The Bridges of Madison County

The Bridges of Madison County has been always read as a popular love story, or has been associated with the middleaged people's inner worlds. The present paper interprets the novel through archetypal theory. Based on the analysis of archetypal characters and archetypal structures, the paper draws the conclusion that the employment of Biblical archetypes strengthens the tragedy of the novel and provides a new angle in understanding this late 20th novel.

The Biblical and Mythical Archetypes As Seen in Lady Chatterley's Lover

Lady Chatterley's Lover,published in 1928,is the last novel of D.H.Lawerence.It has also been the most controversial novel since its first appearance.This paper intends to analyze the biblical and mythical archetypes in Lady Chatterley's Lover.Through finding those archetypes,and analyzing the main characters,one could be aware that what important roles The Bible and Greek Myth have played in western literature.

A Study on Bible Archetypes in Desire under the Elms

Desire under the Elms reveals a tragedy of spiritual and survival desire of human being. O'Neill creates many Bible archetypes in Desire under the Elms. The thesis analyzes and appreciates Desire under the Elms from aspect of Bible archetype to highlight the destructive power of improper desires in Desire under the Elms.

The Grapes of Wrath Biblical Archetypes

Biblical archetypes are prominent in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath. Steinbeck uses the protagonist, Tom Joad,and ex-preacher Jim Casy to symbolize Christ-like figures throughout the book. The family is often used to represent a people or specific persons in the Bible. The journey reflects the archetype of Exodus. These archetypal images provided a framework for the novel, enriched its content and established it as a landmark of American literature.

Constructing DHCP Using Electronic Archetypes

Random symmetries and e-business have garnered profound interest from both mathematicians and analysts in the last several years. Given the current status of extensible theory,electrical engineers dubiously desire the study of fiber-optic cables. FluxEire,our new system for introspective algorithms,is the solution to all of these problems.

Developing occupant archetypes within urban low-income housing: A case study in Mumbai, India

Rapid urbanization pressure and poverty have created a push for affordable housing within the global south.The design of affordable housing can have consequences on the thermal(dis)comfort and behaviour of the occupants,hence requiring an occupant-centric approach to ensure sustainability.This paper investigates occupant behaviour within the urban poor households of Mumbai,India and its impact on their thermal comfort and energy use.This study is a first-of-its-kind attempt to explore the socio-demographic characteristics and energy-related behaviour of low-income occupants within Indian context.Three occupant archetypes,Indifferent Consumers;Considerate Savers;and Conscious Conventionals,were identified from the behavioural and psychographic characteristics gathered through a transverse field survey.A two-step clustering approach was adopted for occupant segmentation that highlighted considerable diversity in occupants’adaptation measures,energy knowledge,energy habits,and their pro-environmental behaviour within similar socio-economic group.Building energy simulation of the representative archetype behaviour estimated up to 37%variations for air-conditioned and up to 8%variation for fan-assisted naturally ventilated housing units during peak summer months.The results from this study establish the significance of occupant factors in shaping energy demand and thermal comfort within low-income housing and pave way for developing occupant-centric building design strategies to serve this marginalized population.The developed low-income occupant archetypes would be useful for architects and energy modelers to generate realistic energy use profiles and improve building performance simulation results.

The Biblical Archetypal Model and Its Embodiment in The Tempest

The Tempest, written by William Shakespeare, is highly influenced by The Holy Bible, the western culture and literature source. This paper utilizes Northrop Frye’s mythic archetypal criticism theory to study the play’s embodiment of the biblical archetypal model. Previous studies have only dealt with one aspect of the biblical archetype in The Tempest. This essay discusses that the characters, structure, plot, and imagery of The Tempest can all find the archetypes in The Holy Bible. It is found that the play is the Scriptures’ double to some extent, through which Shakespeare wants to spread biblical values such as morality and fraternity.

我国乡村旅游发展的成长上限基模分析及对策思考(英文)

Based on archetype analysis of system dynamics,the limits-to-growth archetype of Peter Senge(one of his eight archetypes) was borrowed,and various influence factors of rural tourism development combined to construct the limits-to-growth archetype which consists of limits-to-growth archetype of scientific planning balance,and limits-to-growth archetype of infrastructure input balance,and limits-to-growth archetype of high-quality staff balance.Through the join of limits-to-growth sub-archetypes,limits-to-growth archetype of rural tourism development in overseas countries were obtained,on the basis of which further researches were carried out to analyze management countermeasures to eliminate limits to growth via rural tourism development.It was stressed that government should play the guiding role,unified planning,scientific management and policy support further enhanced;more efforts should be devoted to the infrastructure construction,and more financial support given by the government;more professional talents should be introduced in multiple ways,and training for present rural tourism staff enhanced.

Listen to Wise Old Man The Archetype of Nick Caraway in The Great Gatsby

The Great Gatsby has been one of the most discussed topics,researchers has explored it from various aspects.In the researches,Nick Carraway was mainly seen as a narrator,and the research are mostly focus on the shift of his narrative prospective.Few people noticed that he was totally fit into the definition of the " wise old man".This paper tries to put an eye on the archetype of the hero Nick Carraway,whose figure is thought as in the archetype of the " wise old man".

From Death To Death:Some Thoughts about Indian Camp by Ernest Hemingway

Based on Indian Camp, the thesis probes into the death complex of Ernest Hemingway from the visual angle of Nick,the protagonist of the novel, death complex shown in Hemingway's works and Nick, the archetype of Hemingway respectively.

Eliza' s Journey of Disillusionment——An Interpretation of Pygmalion in the Perspective of Myth Archetype

G. B. Shaw names his play Pygmalion by a protagonist in Metamorphoses Book Ten, so that he connects the enlivened ivory statue with the dramatically changed flower girl. Great culture significance was attached to this play. At the same time, the originality which is different from the original myth displays the author's effort to explore female self- creation.

The Influence of The Bible in The Scarlet Letter

The Bible has a profound impact on Western culture,especially on Western literature.The Bible is the source of Western literature,and Writers often incite characters,legends,etc.from The Bible in their works to describe or clarify the theme.By analyzing the 19th century American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter,this article deeply analyzes the influence of The Bible from the aspects of character archetype,symbolic intention,and redemption theme.

On Lawrence's View of Sexual Relationship from Lady Chatterley's Lover

Lady Chatterley’s Lover is David Herbert Lawrence’s last novel of elaborating sexual relationship in extramarital affairs.Since the novel was published in 1928,scholars have been studying it from various perspectives.Lawrence depicts intercourse between the two protagonists explicitly by actions,discourses and mental acts,and he once justified the publication of this book,which provides possibility and clues for probing his view of sex and sexual relationship through the novel.Staring from Mellors’discourses with Connie,the description of male characters,and the anima and animus archetypes in the novel,the paper analyzes Lawrence’s sexual theory and his advocacy for combination of body and soul based on the British society then and Lawrence’s own experience.

On grammatical categories

A central claim of Cognitive Grammar is that basic grammatical categories,such as noun and verb,have conceptual characterizations valid for all members.The standard argument against this position is invalid.The proposed characterizations rely only on basic cognitive abilities that are clearly evident on non-linguistic grounds.Responses are made to arguments against the proposal as well as to putative alternatives.It is shown in specific detail how the characterization offered for nouns applies to a broad range of cases.

高唐神女传说之再析——一个冥婚习俗观点的考察

楚先王梦遇高唐神女的传说故事,其深层内蕴除具有远古圣婚仪式的原型积淀外,也反映出战国以降的冥婚习俗,而这类未婚死亡少女寻觅夫婿的冥婚习俗更常见于六朝"邂逅神女"型传说故事之中。不过,这层社会学意义上的现实风俗习惯却始终隐蔽未彰,反倒是神女传说故事背后的心理学意义上的集体无意识原型持续在历史上发挥着影响,那即是男性内在心理不断冲突的无意识情结。因而不论是《高唐赋》中神话英雄冒险求女历程的神话原型,或是六朝"邂逅神女"的故事类型,其主要功能都是在化解男性内在心理永恒性的对立矛盾情结,超越由此而造成的精神困惑和焦虑,恢复心理的平衡与和谐。可是这个平衡和谐终将又产生出新的矛盾对立,也正由于这个"对立──平衡──对立"的循环辩证怪圈,使得女神原型意象在历史上一再反复出现于梦境、神话、文学和艺术作品当中,也形成一个在中国古代文学长河中令人玩味不已的主题。

原型解读《蝇王》中的颜色、水和西蒙

在瑞士心理学家荣格(Jung)提出的原型理论的基础上,加拿大学者诺斯洛普·弗莱(Northrop Frye)将神话原型批评理论系统化。根据该理论,普遍存在并重复出现于人类神话、民族传说、宗教仪式等中的意象被称作原型或原始意象和模式。长期以来由于该批评理论的抽象性和神秘性,从神话原型批评角度剖析《蝇王》的评论依然缺乏。本文以神话原型批评理论为指导,对《蝇王》中颜色、水和人物西蒙这几个原型依次进行了解读。

On the Application of the Holy Bible in Robinson Crusoe

Daniel Defoe's representative work-Robinson Crusoe is deeply influenced by Christianity and its scriptures. It contains abundant traces of the influence from the biblical sin and allusions. There are not only very similar biblical archetypal structure and characters, but also direct and indirect quotations from the Biblical discourse.

An Analysis of Archetypal Characters and Images on Lord of the Flies

William Golding's masterpiece,Lord of the Flies,enabled him to win the Nobel Prize in 1983.Golding considered this novel as a myth,since he applied plenty of archetypes from Greek mythology and the Bible to this novel.This thesis is to ana lyze the main characters and images in it from a myth-archetypal perspective to reveal the author's writing purpose.

A Comparative Study of Water Imagery in the Chinese Poem Happy Rain on a Spring Night and American Poem A Drop Fell on the Apple Tree

This essay directs at the water imagery of two poems Happy Rain on a Spring Night and A Drop Fell on the Apple Tree.Although living in different time and place, Chinese poet Du Fu and American poetess Emily Dickinson share some deep understanding of the water. This secret of water imagery is unveiled in this essay with the help of Archetypal Criticism, revealing its significance to the human beings as a race.