Preliminary Discussion on Application of “3W” Teaching Method in Architectural Design Course

Architectural design course is the main course of architecture major.“Master-apprentice” guidance is the main mode of architectural design course teaching.How to teach between teachers and apprentices? Architectural design teachers in different colleges and universities do not have a unified approach,which easily leads to confusion in teaching.This study put forward “ 3W ” teaching method,and made a preliminary discussion on its concept,structure and application.“ 3W ” method is a method that the architectural design instructor uses three progressive questions to guide the whole process of architectural design.Through a detailed discussion of the three questions,it showed that this method was a building design guiding method with simple operation,easy grasp and adaptability.

Based on Design Method of Regional Architecture

In face of energy crisis,raw materials exhaustion,environmental pollution and other environmental issues caused by the current social and economic development model,theory and method of regional architecture have been noted and studied by persons in the field of architecture and ecology.In the paper,the author analyzes architectural region,interprets regional architecture of Mario Botta and summarizes organic theory with a view to recognizing the importance of regional architecture method and reflecting on the significance of architectural region theories at the present times under the background of current globalization and information era.

Research on the Integral Practical and Aesthetic Design Teaching of Architecture and Site Environment -Taking Kindergarten Architecture and Site Logic Model Teaching Approach as an Example

The integral practical and aesthetic design teaching of architecture and site environment is expected to deal with the junior-grade design teaching in architecture major with a current situation that the insufficient consideration of the site environment and the chaotic city image, which caused by long-term emphasis on single function and personality performance of architecture. The key to the integral practicability and aesthetics is the emphasis on the integrality of spatial logical order of those two factors, which contains the integral harmony of function attributes, scale, logics, and modal relationships and so on. Combine with the teaching of kindergarten architecture design, using architecture and site logic model teaching methodology, through the extraction cognitive teaching approach of the site environment order logics, the cognitive teaching approach of kindergarten architecture spatial logics, the strategic teaching approach of the congruent design of the integral order of architecture and site environment logics, module and model congruent counterpoint design teaching approach of architecture and large site environment order logics, organization and construction integrated design teaching approach of architecture and small site environment spatial logics, and result design teaching approach of architectures integrated into the landscape of large site environment and their surrounding small site environment and other teaching procedures to complete die teaching tasks of the integral practical and aesthetic design of kindergarten architecture and site environment.

Hierarchical Controller Synthesis Under Linear Temporal Logic Specifications Using Dynamic Quantization

Linear temporal logic(LTL)is an intuitive and expressive language to specify complex control tasks,and how to design an efficient control strategy for LTL specification is still a challenge.In this paper,we implement the dynamic quantization technique to propose a novel hierarchical control strategy for nonlinear control systems under LTL specifications.Based on the regions of interest involved in the LTL formula,an accepting path is derived first to provide a high-level solution for the controller synthesis problem.Second,we develop a dynamic quantization based approach to verify the realization of the accepting path.The realization verification results in the necessity of the controller design and a sequence of quantization regions for the controller design.Third,the techniques of dynamic quantization and abstraction-based control are combined together to establish the local-to-global control strategy.Both abstraction construction and controller design are local and dynamic,thereby resulting in the potential reduction of the computational complexity.Since each quantization region can be considered locally and individually,the proposed hierarchical mechanism is more efficient and can solve much larger problems than many existing methods.Finally,the proposed control strategy is illustrated via two examples from the path planning and tracking problems of mobile robots.

Discussion on Teaching Reform of Preliminary Landscape Design

Traditional Preliminary Landscape Design teaching had the following disadvantages:① Teaching achievements mainly showed as the onerous graphics and its assignments were in the mechanical and flowing form.② The majority of teaching liked to imitate the model charts.③ Student's creative thinking cannot be developed because of the fixed teaching mode.④ In the external environment,computer was applied in design industry widely,landscape performance has gradually separated from landscape design,design capacity and essence are paid much more attention.Therefore many needed reforms were made at a large scale in 2008.After the adjustment,the course of Preliminary Landscape Design was opened in the second semester of Grade 1 and was finished within one semester with the total 48 credit hours.Teaching content was the introduction to landscape design.This teaching reform put forward 4 types of new teaching methods:stimulate students' interest-introducing into scale model making;interactive teaching-landscaping surveying and mapping practice;heuristic teaching-spatial cognition;full-scale model-the small garden design.

旋翼翼型气动设计与评估软件HRADesign

HRADesign系统作为通用旋翼翼型气动设计和评估系统,研制目的主要是为工业设计环境提供通用、高效、鲁棒的优化设计架构,应用于各类旋翼翼型族的设计,提高旋翼翼型设计的效率和精度,以满足先进直升机对高性能旋翼翼型的迫切需求。旋翼翼型设计技术是直升机旋翼设计的核心技术,旋翼翼型的优化设计具有多点、多目标、强约束的特点。HRADesign系统针对旋翼翼型设计的特点,发展了多目标进化算法、PCA多目标降维技术、Kriging代理模型、基于CST方法的翼型参数化技术以及高精度CFD等优化设计技术,构建了基于进化算法的多目标优化流程。通过详细介绍平台的系统架构、主要的功能模块以及多目标优化流程,展现了系统架构设计的灵活性和功能模块的完备性。通过ADODG基准测试算例、某厚度旋翼翼型常规多目标优化算例和考虑多目标降维的优化算例进行了系统功能验证,优化结果表明,在满足约束的条件下,优化后的旋翼翼型和基准翼型相比,综合性能都有明显改善,验证了优化设计系统的有效性、可靠性。

Improving the structural efficiency of textured threedimensional concrete printing wall by architectural design

Three-dimensional concrete printing(3DCP)technology begins to be adopted into construction application worldwide.Recent studies have focused on producing a higher concrete quality and offering a user-friendly construction process.Still,the 3DCP construction cost is unlikely to be lower than that of conventional construction,which is especially important for projects where the cost is sensitive.To broaden the 3DCP construction applications,reduction of the quantity of 3DCP material usage is needed.This work aims to perform structural analysis of several patterns of geometric textured 3DCP shell wall structures.21 different cantilevered textured patterns of 3DCP shell wall structures were architecturally designed and then subjected to structural analysis by a finite element method(FEM).The results indicated that by designing appropriate patterns,the structural performance to weight ratio could be improved up to 300%.The study therefore offers an innovative design process for constructing 3DCP housing and suggests preconstruction analysis methods for 3DCP shell wall structures.

Study on the System Design of Multiple Expert Systems Integrated Decision Support System

There has been an increasing interest in integrating decision support systems (DSS) and expert systems (ES) to provide decision makers a more accessible, productive and domain-independent information and computing environment. This paper is aimed at designing a multiple expert systems integrated decision support system (MESIDSS) to enhance decision makers' ability in more complex cases. The basic framework, management system of multiple ESs, and functions of MESIDSS are presented. The applications of MESIDSS in large-scale decision making processes are discussed from the following aspects of problem decomposing, dynamic combination of multiple ESs, link of multiple bases and decision coordinating. Finally, a summary and some ideas for the future are presented.

基于5G多接入边缘计算的云化PLC系统架构设计与应用

随着工业控制系统对柔性化、扁平化的要求不断提升,以PLC为构建基础的传统工业控制网络在大规模接入、算力提升和部署灵活性方面均受到限制.针对这些问题,融合5G网络和边缘计算技术,设计了基于5G多接入边缘计算的云化PLC系统架构,阐述了该架构的运行机制和所涉及的关键技术;在此基础上,进行PLC系统的云化部署和调试,实现了工业现场、企业数据中心、5G网络和边缘网络的集成;最后,通过在某汽车制造公司产线改造过程中的应用,验证了所提架构的有效性.

A Notation to Support Exploring Collaboration in Design Teams

Collaboration in large projects is a major challenge for contemporary architectural practice and this paper presents a notation for describing and analyzing how these collaborations can take place.Based on an extensive literature review some opportunities were found for the development of a notation that combined three particular aspects:network diagrams,Euler diagrams and a model from architectural design.An exploratory case study was conducted based on the collaboration during a complex architectural project,which combined three approaches:document analysis,semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and a comparison of the documents with results from the interviews.The notation demonstrated to be suitable for two purposes:to improve the understanding of particular design events and as support material for presenting and exploring collaborations.Results indicate that the notation was suitable,comprehensible and flexible,and it demonstrated good value when used in speculative ways,such as an intermediary design artifact that supports discussion and improvements in the collaboration process,which indicates promising future directions.It can also be argued that,similar to a sketch,the notation can also support the process of planning and“designing”the interaction between teams in design fields and even in other project-based organizations.

儿童校园建筑色彩设计综述

校园是儿童学习、生活的重要场所,其环境对儿童起着培养、引导的作用。色彩作为建筑环境的重要构成要素,其选择与设计直接关系到儿童的教育与成长。文章从儿童校园建筑色彩对儿童心理、生理产生的影响出发,对儿童校园建筑色彩设计研究的理论基础进行了梳理和分析,进而从不同角度总结概括了儿童校园建筑色彩的设计原则与设计策略。最后对儿童校园建筑色彩设计的实践过程进行了总结,并对其未来发展方向提出了展望,旨在为儿童校园建筑色彩设计方法研究提供参考。

日本中世唐样佛堂的间架谱系及其与宋技术的关联性

日本唐样建筑以宋元江南建筑为祖型,是以往学界一致认定的通说。然分析发现,唐样建筑技术成分并不单一,间架形制上存在中国北系因素。本文基于东亚技术关联性的视角,比较与分析日本中世唐样佛堂的间架谱系及其技术源流,指出中世唐样建筑是探讨东亚设计技术演变的重要标本和线索。

文化传播视角下香港博物馆建筑空间设计策略研究

该文从文化传播的视角出发,以香港博物馆建筑空间为研究对象,结合实地调研和专家评分法,从场地布局、整体造型和表皮细部这三个维度以及相应十五个要素,对香港博物馆建筑空间设计的文化表达性进行研究。通过分析研究,归纳香港博物馆各要素表达城市文化的特点,并综合提出了香港博物馆建筑空间优化设计策略,以提升其表达城市文化内涵的能力,并为其他城市博物馆等文化建筑的建设和发展提供积极参考。

遵循结构逻辑与材料适用的体育建筑设计课程建设

文章以长安大学建筑学专业在四年级所开设的体育建筑设计专题课程为例,阐释其教学理念以遵循结构逻辑和材料适用为核心目标,采用理论与实践并重的教学方式,为高年级学生在大跨度体育建筑及其他公共建筑设计中教授相应的设计理念与方法,在建设进程中的模型制作与表达、参数化设计、联合教学及评图等方面形成了自身的教学研究特色。

基于模糊逻辑的飞机电推进系统能量管理策略研究

为了提升飞机电推进动力系统的关键性能,需要设计和优化内部能量管理控制策略并实现功率合理分配。本文基于MATLAB/Simulink平台,建立了电推进动力系统仿真模型,并在能量管理系统模块中提出了基于模糊逻辑的能量管理策略(EMS),其用于动力系统内部的功率分配和控制。针对从滑跑直到巡航稳定点的飞行任务段,对电推进动力系统进行了时段级仿真实验,研究了氢气消耗量等量化指标的表现。在此基础之上,基于遗传算法的优化方法,对模糊控制系统的隶属度函数参数进行了寻优。计算结果表明,在本文基于模糊逻辑的EMS作用下电推进动力系统的氢气消耗量减少9.27%,而且氢燃料电池功率波动剧烈程度减少25.11%;优化后,主指标氢气消耗量进一步减少6.5%,同时次要指标的变化被约束。

建筑改造设计的时间之维——设计方法应用研究

基于建筑现象学及其他时间哲学,从时间与各要素的主体间性关系角度,将改造建筑的时间性最终看作是关乎建筑改造之本质的时间性精神共鸣。试图重新审视改造建筑的时间意义,并借助关系本身将此精神共鸣分为人与含时间性的环境要素同一的关系——生命感、人与建筑中过去现在未来的统一关系——历史感、人在特定叙事中与人类的认同关系——故事感。基于此,结合案例利用现象学的方法从建筑形式、质料、结构、细部等方面统和出借由时间关系划分的设计策略,表现时间性在改造建筑中的作用和具体应用。

PBL教学法在“电工电子技术”教学中的应用探究

【目的】探索符合机电专业特征的教学方法,提升机电专业学生的综合职业能力。【方法】在解读PBL教学法内涵的基础上,以“电工电子技术”课程中“组合逻辑电路的设计”这一节为例进行教学设计,包括教学目标、教学内容、教学流程、教学评价等各方面,并按照教学设计方案有序地进行了具体教学实施。【结果】1)对照班和实验班学生的理论成绩相差不大,但在基本操作、电路装配与调试以及数据处理这些方面,实验班平均成绩均高于对照班平均成绩;2)对照班和实验班学生在学习兴趣、自学能力、语言表达能力、小组协作能力、思辨能力及问题解决能力上均存在明显差异(p<0.05)。【结论】在“电工电子技术”教学中采用PBL教学法能够提升学生的学习积极性、学习成绩、操作技能以及综合实践能力,教学改革达到了预期的教学效果。

坂茂木构建筑设计方法与技术策略研究

坂茂近年来十分关注木材,其通过发挥材料的优势,不断挑战新型木构建筑创作,诸多作品已成为世界先进木构建筑设计的典范。文章以坂茂的木构建筑为研究对象,首先解析其设计观念内涵;继而从木网壳编织、树状木结构塑造、纯木框架建构三方面剖析坂茂的木结构设计原则与方法,并论述其用材与细部技术策略;揭示出如何协调概念设计、材料、构造、建造间的关系从而拓展木构建筑的可能性,以期对我国当下木构建筑设计有所启示。

航空发动机健康管理系统功能架构优化方法

航空发动机健康管理系统是目前先进发动机提升自身安全性、可靠性以及经济可承受性的核心系统之一,而架构设计是该系统的关键技术,高效合理的系统架构能够充分发挥系统的功能与作用。针对航空发动机健康管理系统架构设计需求,为了提升系统架构的高效性、合理性,实现系统功能的最优分配,开展航空发动机健康管理系统功能架构优化方法研究。比较和分析了国外发动机和飞机健康管理系统功能架构,总结了健康管理系统共同特征,并结合健康管理系统用户需求分析,提炼形成通用的发动机健康管理系统功能架构;基于该架构采用逻辑决断图和层次分析法(AHP),提出了一种针对部件和故障的功能分配方法。结果表明:所提出的分配方法可实现状态监测、故障诊断、故障预测、寿命管理及趋势分析功能向机载和地面系统的定性与定量分配;在军民用航空发动机健康管理系统设计中,可应用通用健康管理系统架构实现发动机健康管理系统核心功能及用户需求的全面覆盖,并根据发动机结构及特点采用功能分配方法实现机载、地面系统功能的优化配置。