Average Damage Caused by Multiple Weapons against an Area Target of Normally Distributed Elements

This paper investigates the effect of launching multiple weapons against an area target of normally distributed elements. We provide an analytical form of the average damage fraction and then apply it to obtain optimal aimpoints. To facilitate the computational efforts in practice, we also consider optimizations over given constrained patterns of aimpoints. Finally, we derive scaling laws for optimal aimpoints and optimal damage fraction with respect to the radius of the area target.

An Adaptive Local Grid Nesting-based Genetic Algorithm for Multi-earth Observation Satellites' Area Target Observation

The Scheduling of the Multi-EOSs Area Target Observation(SMEATO)is an EOS resource schedul-ing problem highly coupled with computational geometry.The advances in EOS technology and the ex-pansion of wide-area remote sensing applications have increased the practical significance of SMEATO.In this paper,an adaptive local grid nesting-based genetic algorithm(ALGN-GA)is proposed for developing SMEATO solutions.First,a local grid nesting(LGN)strategy is designed to discretize the target area into parts,so as to avoid the explosive growth of calculations.A genetic algorithm(GA)framework is then used to share reserve information for the population during iterative evolution,which can generate high-quality solutions with low computational costs.On this basis,an adaptive technique is introduced to determine whether a local region requires nesting and whether the grid scale is sufficient.The effectiveness of the proposed model is assessed experimentally with nine randomly generated tests at different scales.The results show that the ALGN-GA offers advantages over several conventional algorithms in 88.9%of instances,especially in large-scale instances.These fully demonstrate the high efficiency and stability of the ALGN-GA.

An Adjoint-Free CNOP–4DVar Hybrid Method for Identifying Sensitive Areas in Targeted Observations: Method Formulation and Preliminary Evaluation

This paper proposes a hybrid method, called CNOP–4 DVar, for the identification of sensitive areas in targeted observations, which takes the advantages of both the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) and four-dimensional variational assimilation(4 DVar) methods. The proposed CNOP–4 DVar method is capable of capturing the most sensitive initial perturbation(IP), which causes the greatest perturbation growth at the time of verification;it can also identify sensitive areas by evaluating their assimilation effects for eliminating the most sensitive IP. To alleviate the dependence of the CNOP–4 DVar method on the adjoint model, which is inherited from the adjoint-based approach, we utilized two adjointfree methods, NLS-CNOP and NLS-4 DVar, to solve the CNOP and 4 DVar sub-problems, respectively. A comprehensive performance evaluation for the proposed CNOP–4 DVar method and its comparison with the CNOP and CNOP–ensemble transform Kalman filter(ETKF) methods based on 10 000 observing system simulation experiments on the shallow-water equation model are also provided. The experimental results show that the proposed CNOP–4 DVar method performs better than the CNOP–ETKF method and substantially better than the CNOP method.

METHOD OF MULTI-TARGET TRACKING IN WIDE AREA SURVEILLANCE AIRBORNE RADAR SYSTEM BASING ON CLUSTERING ANALYSIS

This paper proposed a robust method based on the definition of Mahalanobis distance to track ground moving target. The feature and the geometry of airborne ground moving target tracking systems are studied at first. Based on this feature, the assignment relation of time-nearby target is calculated via Mahalanobis distance, and then the corresponding transformation formula is deduced. The simulation results show the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Genetic model and exploration target area of geothermal resources in Hongtang Area, Xiamen, China

The geothermal resources in Fujian Province are mainly hydrothermal resources of medium-low temperature.To better understand the whole process and conditions of heat control in the middle and deep crust,this study focuses on the analysis of heat accumulation model in Hongtang Area of Xiamen,and the main conditions of the model such as faults and sags are explored and interpreted in detail by using gravity and wide-field electromagnetic methods.4 main faults(F33,F2,F12 and HT-F1)and 10 secondary faults(HT-F2,HT-F3,HT-F4,HT-F5,HT-F6,HT-F7,HT-F8,HT-F9,HT-F10 and HT-F11)were inferred,and the distribution range of sags was delineated.The convective geothermal system is composed of four components:Heat source,geothermal reservoir,heat-conductive fault and heat retaining cover,which form a quaternary heat accumulation model.According to the model,the intersection of the main faults F12,HTF1 and F33 can be delineated as the primary target area of geothermal exploration,while the intersection of the secondary faults(F12 and HT-F6;F12 and HT-F2;HT-F9,HT-F10 and F12;F12 and HT-F11;F33 and HT-F3;HT-F8 and HT-F3;HT-F2,HT-F10 and HT-F1)can be delineated as the secondary target area.Borehole DR01,which is located in the primary target area,shows that the water temperature increases from fast to slow in the depth range of 0–500 m,and stays at 36℃below 500 m.The reliability of the heat accumulation model and the target area was tested via geothermal boreholes,which is of great significance to the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources in Hongtang Area of Xiamen.

A quantitative method for calculating irradiation area of laser target designator

In laser-guided bomb attacking process,the target indication from the laser target designator is the premise for the bomb to hit the target accurately.Considering the lack of quantitative study of the irradiation area of the laser target designator,this paper,based on the existing aircraft motion model and the laser transmission model,uses two aircraft as respectively the carrier of the laser-guided bomb and the carrier of the laser designator and proposes a method to calculate the global irradiation area of the airborne laser designator.By using the proposed algorithm,the global irradiation area when attacking a large flat target or a large spherical target is simulated respectively.Finally,according to the simulation results,the influences of different factors on the shapes of the irradiation area are discussed in detail.

Delineation of Prospecting Prospect Area Based on Maximum Entropy Model

Taking the Dapingzhang copper-polymetallic deposit in Yunnan Province, China as the research object, the maximum entropy model was used to extract the mining information, and the mineral resource prediction model was established by using the exploration data of the deposit and related regions in this area, so as to determine the prospecting prospect area in the study area. In this paper, the Jacknife analysis module of maximum entropy model is used to quantitatively rank the importance of 39 geochemical element variables, and finally obtain the prospecting prospect map of the study area. The research results show that the Dapingzhang mining area has the potential to find hidden ore in the deep and surrounding areas, and the northern and southern ends and western sides of the rock ore control structural belt in the eastern region of the mining area have good prospecting prospects. The research results provide an important basis for the deployment of follow-up exploration work in the study area, and the maximum entropy model has a good application effect in mineral resources exploration.

经CT扫描探讨正常喉的活动度的研究

目的通过对喉部活动度进行测量,进一步精确勾画喉外扩靶区,以实现肿瘤精确放疗提高放疗效果。方法选取51例肿瘤患者为研究对象,通过CT测量喉部在四个方向最大活动度,通过spss23.0对实验所得数据进行统计分析。结果51位研究对象平均前联合向上最大移动范围为(13.04±6.72)mm,前联合向下最大移动范围为(1.53±2.41)mm,前联合向左最大移动范围为(1.44±1.74)mm,前联合向右最大移动范围为(1.35±2.27)mm,前联合向前最大移动范围为(3.81±2.74)mm,前联合向后最大移动范围为(0.75±1.59)mm,左侧甲状软骨板最大外移为(0.70±1.21)mm,左侧甲状软骨板最大内移为(1.86±2.85)mm,右侧甲状软骨板最大外移为(0.70±1.35)mm,右侧甲状软骨板最大内移为(1.42±1.71)mm,杓前角最大间距为(14.15±3.51)mm。以第一次测量为准确测量值,第二次、第三次测量值与第一次测量值差值绝对值为误差值,比较两次测量误差值。两次测量误差间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。≤60岁研究对象与>60岁研究对象的喉部活动度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。男性杓前角最大间距为(15.32±4.72)mm,显著高于女性的(12.14±1.61)mm,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。转移的研究对象左侧甲状软骨板最大内移为(2.36±2.11)mm,显著高于未转移的(1.19±1.73)mm,差异具体统计学意义(P<0.05)。性别与前联合向上最大移动范围、杓前角最大间距呈现显著负相关(P<0.05),与左侧甲状软骨板最大外移呈显著正相关(P<0.05);年龄与前联合向上最大移动范围呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与前联合向下最大移动范围、左侧甲状软骨板最大外移呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。皮尔逊相关性分析发现甲状软骨板前联合向左移动度与左侧甲状软骨板最大外移具有显著正相关性(r=0.301,P=0.032);甲状软骨板前联合向右移动度与右侧甲状软骨板最大外移具有显著正相关性(r=0.072,P=0.000)。结论自然吞咽会引起喉部运动,这种运动的具体范围在肿瘤放射治疗中需被注意。

基于毫米波雷达的非视距目标探测和定位方法研究

隐蔽非直视目标探测和定位技术在城市巷战、安防、防暴等领域具有广泛的应用。本文针对L形非视距区域内单目标的探测与定位问题进行研究。首先,对雷达布设位置及可探测区域进行了分析;其次,针对共同可探测区域,设计了多路径联合检测器;最后,基于设计的多径雷达应用系统,利用所提检测定位方法进行实验验证。与现有研究相比,本文的创新点在于:在L形非视距场景下,对宽波束毫米波雷达布设位置及可探测区域进行分析并给出合理建议;其次利用所提多路径联合检测器将不同反射面的多条路径联合使用,提高了检测性能。本文通过实验验证了系统的可靠性及雷达位置对可探测区域的影响,通过仿真与实验探究了所提检测器的性能改善。

目标区域引导的RRT^(*)机械臂路径规划算法

针对传统RRT^(*)算法在机械臂路径规划的过程中存在规划效率低、路径质量不佳、机械臂位姿不当等问题,提出一种目标区域引导的RRT^(*)机械臂路径规划算法(TA-RRT^(*))。在传统RRT^(*)算法基础上,引入目标偏向策略并使用球形子集约束采样,缩小采样范围并使新节点朝向目标点扩展,增强目标导向性;对新节点采用直连策略,让算法可以更快地收敛从而提升路径生成速度。对初始规划路径去除冗余点并使用三次B样条曲线转换成平滑路径,优化了路径质量。对机械臂进行位姿约束,通过机械臂逆运动学判断机械臂连杆位姿可达性,并利用包络盒模型判断机械臂是否与障碍物碰撞。实验结果表明,在二维以及三维场景下,TA-RRT^(*)算法在采样次数、规划时间、路径长度以及平滑度等方面的性能均优于RRT^(*)算法,验证了该方法的正确性及可行性。机械臂仿真实验以及在真实环境下的测试结果显示,加入位姿约束后机械臂运行规划好的轨迹时,机械臂各个关节在运行规划路径的过程中并未与障碍物发生碰撞且具有良好的稳定性。

融合多维特征的街景图像语义分割方法

为进一步提升深度学习语义分割方法在复杂街景图像上的分割精度,本文基于PointRend网络提出了一种融合多维特征(Multi-Dimensional Features,MDF)的街景图像语义分割网络(MDFNet)。首先,通过构建目标区域增强模块优化特征提取子网络,在深度网络的每个卷积块自适应地细化中间特征图,从而强化对复杂街景图像多维特征信息的精细提取;接着,在特征融合时引入特征金字塔网格,使用不同的卷积核处理不同尺度的街景图像,从而更加全面地获取复杂街景图像各类目标的不同分辨率特征;最后,使用双解码头对图像细节进行更细致的恢复,得到逐像素分类的结果。实验结果表明,本文网络与DeepLabV3、SegFormer等其他优秀分割网络相比,在Cityscapes复杂街景数据集上分割精度更高,平均交并比达到了80.11%,相比于其他网络提升了3.51%以上,对复杂街景图像的理解力更强。

基于松弛变量法的目标散布区计算方法

计算目标散布区大小是反舰导弹战术决策和目标捕获概率计算的前提条件,在研究反舰导弹对目标追击捕获模型的基础上,基于松弛变量法,建立了目标散布区计算方程,并给出了充要条件证明,获得了目标散布区的解析模型,在目标运动方向任意机动的假设下,得到了目标机动不受限条件下运动方向的最优值,给出了一般条件下的计算公式,通过仿真算例,对比了不同仿真参数条件下散布区域的变化情况,可为作战指挥人员决策使用提供直观参考和估算依据。

采动含水层生态功能修复:概念内涵、理论与技术框架

针对我国保水采煤研究现状及煤矿区采损生态修复的技术需求,提出应开展采动含水层生态功能修复研究,并将其纳入绿色开采技术体系中。在充分阐述采动含水层生态功能修复概念与内涵的基础上,构建了以采动含水层失水流动规律及水径流阻隔关键技术为主的理论与技术框架,分析了当前相关研究进展与未来攻关方向。含水层的损伤失水与生态功能退化本质源于采煤引起的岩层运动与裂隙发育,应在充分掌握含水层失水机制与规律的基础上对其开展生态功能修复理论与技术研究。深入揭示含水层失水路径分布与水流动力耗散规律,将失水流量集中分布的采动影响区作为重点修复的靶区,合理运用“边采边修”、“采后再修”等方式实施水流通道封堵与修复。同时,应充分利用采动岩体裂隙自修复机制及其引起的含水层自恢复效应,开展采动含水层生态功能引导修复研究与实践;基于水-气-岩相互作用产生化学沉淀促进导水裂隙自修复的降渗机理,提出了向含水层下方裂隙岩体中灌注可与地下水产生化学沉淀的修复试剂,以诱导沉淀物在裂隙中吸附-固结并封堵通道的含水层生态功能修复技术路径。在此基础上,阐述了利用铁/钙质化学沉淀进行导水裂隙修复降渗的研究现状,提出未来应重点研究形成利于不同类型导水通道高效封堵的化学沉淀诱导生成对策。研究可望为西北部生态脆弱矿区煤炭开采地下水保护与生态修复提供参考。

基于松弛变量法的目标散布区计算方法

计算目标散布区是反舰导弹作战战术决策和目标捕获概率计算的前提条件,在研究导弹对目标追击捕获模型的基础上,基于松弛变量法,建立了目标散布区计算方程,进行了充要条件证明,获得了目标散布区的解析模型,得到了目标机动不受限条件下运动方向的最优值,给出了一般条件下的计算形式,通过仿真算例,对比了不同仿真参数条件下散布区域的变化情况,可为作战指挥人员决策使用提供直观参考和估算依据。

贵州5个产地五倍子蜂蜜组分差异分析

本研究采用非靶向代谢组学方法对贵州5个产地五倍子蜂蜜组分进行分析,探讨不同产地五倍子蜂蜜组分差异。结果共鉴定出100种物质组分,且均检测到核黄素和光色素。聚类结果显示,不同产地五倍子蜂蜜的组分差异明显,贵阳和开阳五倍子蜂蜜聚为一个组别,息烽、桐梓和凤冈五倍子蜂蜜为一个组别。5个产地中筛选出27种差异组分,包括10种氨基酸类和6种有机酸类组分。L-缬氨酸、L-天冬氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸等药效氨基酸在贵阳和开阳产地显著富集(P<0.05)。筛选到myo-肌醇为开阳五倍子蜂蜜标志物,对氨基苯甲酸为桐梓五倍子蜂蜜标志物,磷酸胆碱、L-高苯丙氨酸为凤冈五倍子蜂蜜标志物。本研究可为五倍子蜂蜜真假判别、产地溯源及特色五倍子蜂蜜开发提供参考。

冀北上黄旗地区多金属矿成矿规律与矿产预测

冀北上黄旗地区位于华北地台北缘中段成矿带及兴安太行南段成矿带的相交区域,是华北地区著名的(银)多金属成矿区。本文在综合分析区域成矿地质背景、成矿地质条件、地球物理、地球化学、遥感异常特征及成矿规律的基础上,认为该区具有寻找侵入岩型和陆相火山岩型两大类多金属矿床的有利条件,划分出3条Ⅳ级成矿亚带,圈定成矿远景区10个。其中,A类4处,B类4处,C类2处;并优选出多金属矿找矿靶区7个,A类4个,B类2个,C类1个。

基于MR混合现实的足球机器人目标跟踪仿真

机器人跟踪足球时,由于目标具有较强的运动随机性,且较小的目标尺度增大了跟踪框的自适应跟踪难度,目标跟踪时会将很多背景信息包含在内,导致目标模型的更新错误。为此,提出基于MR混合现实的足球机器人目标跟踪方法。构建MR混合现实平台,令足球机器人在虚拟现实场景下完成人机交互,在保证目标跟踪安全性的同时提升目标跟踪性能;采用帧差法获取目标模型,利用投影法对二值图像投影,并对差分图像滤波,以此获取足球机器人在目标模板区域及候选目标区域中的直方图。基于此,更新足球机器人目标模型,实现基于MR混合现实的足球机器人目标跟踪。实验结果表明,当跟踪误差阈值为0.8mm时,研究方法的目标跟踪准确率和成功率均可达95%以上,平均耗时为55.17ms。当足球目标出现遮挡问题时,该方法仍能完成高精度跟踪。

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田西南部致密储层非均质性特征及对成藏的制约

致密砂岩气藏是我国非常规油气资源的重要组成,其储层非均质性严重影响了致密气成藏和甜点区优选,进而制约了气田高效开发。为进一步揭示储层非均质性成因及对致密气成藏的影响,选取鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田西南部山1段和盒8段致密储层为例,通过岩芯观察、扫描电镜、薄片鉴定、生产和测井分析等技术手段,研究储层非均质特征,探讨沉积作用和微观孔隙演化对非均质性和成藏的影响。结果表明,储层非均质性多表现为层内粒度的垂向韵律性、夹层的不均匀分布、渗透率的平面分布差异等;储层非均质性受沉积作用和成岩作用共同影响,沉积作用控制了水动力条件、砂体展布、厚度和砂体构型,储层微观非均质性受岩矿组构和孔隙演化影响;不同厚度和构型的复合砂体,多样的矿物组分、孔隙结构,致密气的选择性充注,共同造成了苏里格地区致密储层的非均质性及含气性差异。复合砂体的高孔渗部位是致密气开采的甜点区,但是在优选有利区时不应只关注这些厚层的高孔渗砂体,也应关注规模小、非均质性稍强的透镜状砂体,需要充分考虑到储层非均质性对致密气成藏的影响。

辽宁省本溪县红旗沟地区成矿条件分析及找矿靶区预测

通过对辽宁省本溪县红旗沟地区区域典型矿床成矿相关岩体的成矿属性及构造、围岩等成矿条件对比分析,认为研究区内热液石英脉型金(铜)矿床、矽卡岩型、斑岩型铜金钼多金属矿床、与基性岩有关的铜金钴镍金属矿床的极具找矿潜力。运用有利成矿条件信息的赋值统计方法,对研究区进行金铜钼等找矿靶区预测工作。

基于MRAS证据权重法的西昆仑玛尔坎苏地区锰矿床成矿预测

西昆仑玛尔坎苏地区是中国重要的锰矿资源基地,目前区内仍不断有新的锰矿点被报道,已发现多个大中型锰矿床。该地区锰矿床为海相沉积型矿床,赋矿层位为上石炭统喀拉阿特河组(C_(2)k)与下二叠统玛尔坎雀库塞山组(P_(1)m)。本文在总结玛尔坎苏地区锰矿床成矿规律的基础上,基于MRAS证据权重法,重建了该地区的锰矿床找矿模型。提取并构置了地层、遥感、锰化探异常3个预测要素作为证据因子。(1)地层信息证据因子:上石炭统喀拉阿特河组(C_(2)k)碳酸盐岩与下二叠统玛尔坎雀库塞山组(P_(1)m);(2)遥感证据因子:铁染异常区及羟基异常区;(3)化探证据因子:锰单元素化探异常区域。根据后验概率值圈定三级找矿有利靶区7处,并对找矿靶区进行了验证。通过圈定有利区,为下步找矿新突破提供了新的借鉴。