This paper explores Mao Zedong’s early views on physical education and practice,focusing on the“Six-Section Exercise”he created.The exercise,which integrates elements from traditional health-preserving techniques,g...This paper explores Mao Zedong’s early views on physical education and practice,focusing on the“Six-Section Exercise”he created.The exercise,which integrates elements from traditional health-preserving techniques,gymnastics,boxing,and military training,was designed to promote balanced physical development,be practical and effective,and require less time per session.The paper argues that Mao Zedong’s views on physical education were grounded in the belief that it could effectively transform individuals and contribute to the creation of a strong sports nation.The paper also discusses the historical context and social trends behind the creation of the“Six-Section Exercise”,including the New Culture Movement and debates between Chinese and Western,static and dynamic,and new and old approaches to physical education.The paper concludes by suggesting that Mao Zedong’s early sports thinking has significant academic value and can provide guidance for the construction of a healthy China today.展开更多
Purpose: To identify the social-ecological correlates associated with fundamental movement skills at the child, family, and environment levels in young children.Methods: Preschool children from 4 Colorado Head Start/p...Purpose: To identify the social-ecological correlates associated with fundamental movement skills at the child, family, and environment levels in young children.Methods: Preschool children from 4 Colorado Head Start/preschool centers were recruited from 2010 to 2012. Two hundred twenty-eight children(128 girls; age = 56.08 § 4.09 months; body mass index(BMI) z-score = 0.53 § 1.12(mean § SD); 42.1% Hispanic/Latino) and 159 families were included in the final analysis. Children's perceived competence and fundamental movement skills were assessed via the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2 nd edition. Data on the number of children in the family, parent age, BMI, education, employment status, family income, perception of child coordination, and home physical activity environment were collected via a questionnaire. Linear regressions adjusted for child BMI, age, sex, and school site were performed at each level.Results: Child perceived cognitive competence was positively associated with locomotor skills(p = 0.04; adjusted R2= 0.035) and object-control skills(p = 0.003; adjusted R2= 0.083) at the child level. Parent education, BMI, and perception of child coordination were positively associated with locomotor skills and explained 8.8% of variance, but only parent education was significant(p = 0.04) at the family level. In addition, physical environment was positively associated with locomotor skills(p = 0.02) and explained 5.5% of variance at the environment level.Conclusion: Social-ecological correlates associated with young children's fundamental movement skills are multidimensional and differ according to skill category at the child, family, and environment levels.展开更多
AIM: To develop a novel three-dimensional(3D) electric ophthalmotrope to improve the ophthalmology teaching effectiveness and evaluate the teaching value. METHODS: A 3D electric ophthalmotrope was designed by simulati...AIM: To develop a novel three-dimensional(3D) electric ophthalmotrope to improve the ophthalmology teaching effectiveness and evaluate the teaching value. METHODS: A 3D electric ophthalmotrope was designed by simulating the movement of the ocular and the extraocular muscles according to Sherrington’s law. The model with joint bearing was to ensure the flexibility and centripetal rotation of the simulated ball and stepper motor as the driving device. A programmable processor was used to control the motion amplitude of the stepper motor. The size of hole was set at the back of the simulated shell to limit the amount of eye movement. Afterwards, using a 5-point Likert scale, 7 experts evaluated the 3D electric ophthalmotrope’s simulation ability and precision, compared with the traditional anatomical model. In addition, the teaching effectiveness of the 3D electric ophthalmotrope was evaluated at in-class quiz and final exam in a randomized controlled trial. RESULTS: The 3D electric ophthalmotrope could be operated easily to demonstrate the eye movements with motion of different ocular muscles. The experts agreed that the 3D electric ophthalmotrope was different from the traditional model and was easier for students to understand every extraocular muscles’ movement in each evaluation index(P<0.05). Moreover, the results of teaching effectiveness showed that the 3D electric ophthalmotrope were significantly greater than the traditional model both at in-class quiz(P<0.01) and final exam(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This novel 3D electric ophthalmotrope is better than the traditional model, which can be to improve the ophthalmology teaching effectiveness for students to understand the extraocular muscles’ movement.展开更多
In 1866, after the Opium Wars, the Chinese official Zuo Zongtang established the Foochow Navy Yard, which aimed to facilitate the independent construction of modern warships. French advisers, engineers, teachers, and ...In 1866, after the Opium Wars, the Chinese official Zuo Zongtang established the Foochow Navy Yard, which aimed to facilitate the independent construction of modern warships. French advisers, engineers, teachers, and craftsmen were hired, and a series of French schools for naval construction, drawing, and apprenticeship were set up. Previous studies have nearly exhausted the historical material on the Foochow Navy Yard, but few of them give an exact evaluation on its shipbuilding and educational levels. This paper traces the French sources on the shipbuilding technology and educational system at the Foochow Navy Yard and conducts a comparative study. With the guidance and assistance of foreigners, the Foochow Navy Yard gained the ability to assemble ships and imitate engines, while it remained necessary to import design drawings and structural components. The most outstanding students that the navy yard nurtured may have reached the level of école Polytechnique graduates, but the quality of students was hard to maintain. The backwardness of its conceptualization and the lack of financial and political support also contributed to its decline.展开更多
This paper aims to present the historical constitution of the Deaf Movement （Movimento Surdo） and theirrespective events and claims in the national socio-political scene. Among the numerous social movements operatin...This paper aims to present the historical constitution of the Deaf Movement （Movimento Surdo） and theirrespective events and claims in the national socio-political scene. Among the numerous social movements operatingin the country and the world we identified the Deaf Movement while present in the social struggles and the poorvisibility conferred on it in the context of listener culture, considering their undeniable importance in the currentform of society. Search up from the use of surveys and interviews to understand this movement as the set of actionsdeveloped by the deaf community around the historical issues, identity, cultural, social and political. Among themany claims of this movement highlights the proposed bilingual education for deaf people seeking socialknowledge of deafness would mean not only the best form of education for the deaf, but also for themaintenance/affirmation of deaf culture.展开更多
近年来,模仿学习被广泛应用于机器人领域,并展示出巨大的潜力。同时关注到智能系统在教育领域的应用越来越多样化,将机器人合理地应用到教学中可以提升教学效果,如果机器人可以教授一些专业技巧,如演奏乐器,可以为学生和人类老师都提供...近年来,模仿学习被广泛应用于机器人领域,并展示出巨大的潜力。同时关注到智能系统在教育领域的应用越来越多样化,将机器人合理地应用到教学中可以提升教学效果,如果机器人可以教授一些专业技巧,如演奏乐器,可以为学生和人类老师都提供很大的便利。模仿学习特别适用于高度专业和技术性强的小提琴演奏,但在将专家演示引入动态运动原语(Dynamic Movement Primitive,DMP)的过程中,模糊性问题尤为突出,例如换弦角度的不确定性。传统的换弦角度测量方法如物理测量会有很大的误差且无法泛化,为了解决这一问题,提出了一种名为基于模糊和PCA的动态运动原语(Fuzzy Dynamic Movement Primitive for Teaching,T-FDMP)的新模型。该模型基于二型模糊模型和主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)进行构建,使用主成分分析法(PCA)得到的特征变量(运弓角度)作为隶属度函数(琴弦角度)的输入进行学习,同时构建了一个专业级的音乐演奏行为数据库。仿生实验结果证明,所提出的T-FDMP模型能够以高精度控制机器人进行小提琴演奏,还为模仿学习在其他高度专业和技术性强的领域的应用提供了新的研究方向。展开更多
文摘This paper explores Mao Zedong’s early views on physical education and practice,focusing on the“Six-Section Exercise”he created.The exercise,which integrates elements from traditional health-preserving techniques,gymnastics,boxing,and military training,was designed to promote balanced physical development,be practical and effective,and require less time per session.The paper argues that Mao Zedong’s views on physical education were grounded in the belief that it could effectively transform individuals and contribute to the creation of a strong sports nation.The paper also discusses the historical context and social trends behind the creation of the“Six-Section Exercise”,including the New Culture Movement and debates between Chinese and Western,static and dynamic,and new and old approaches to physical education.The paper concludes by suggesting that Mao Zedong’s early sports thinking has significant academic value and can provide guidance for the construction of a healthy China today.
基金funded by an Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant #2010-85215-20648 from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture
文摘Purpose: To identify the social-ecological correlates associated with fundamental movement skills at the child, family, and environment levels in young children.Methods: Preschool children from 4 Colorado Head Start/preschool centers were recruited from 2010 to 2012. Two hundred twenty-eight children(128 girls; age = 56.08 § 4.09 months; body mass index(BMI) z-score = 0.53 § 1.12(mean § SD); 42.1% Hispanic/Latino) and 159 families were included in the final analysis. Children's perceived competence and fundamental movement skills were assessed via the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2 nd edition. Data on the number of children in the family, parent age, BMI, education, employment status, family income, perception of child coordination, and home physical activity environment were collected via a questionnaire. Linear regressions adjusted for child BMI, age, sex, and school site were performed at each level.Results: Child perceived cognitive competence was positively associated with locomotor skills(p = 0.04; adjusted R2= 0.035) and object-control skills(p = 0.003; adjusted R2= 0.083) at the child level. Parent education, BMI, and perception of child coordination were positively associated with locomotor skills and explained 8.8% of variance, but only parent education was significant(p = 0.04) at the family level. In addition, physical environment was positively associated with locomotor skills(p = 0.02) and explained 5.5% of variance at the environment level.Conclusion: Social-ecological correlates associated with young children's fundamental movement skills are multidimensional and differ according to skill category at the child, family, and environment levels.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30901655)Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program (No.2018SF-230)
文摘AIM: To develop a novel three-dimensional(3D) electric ophthalmotrope to improve the ophthalmology teaching effectiveness and evaluate the teaching value. METHODS: A 3D electric ophthalmotrope was designed by simulating the movement of the ocular and the extraocular muscles according to Sherrington’s law. The model with joint bearing was to ensure the flexibility and centripetal rotation of the simulated ball and stepper motor as the driving device. A programmable processor was used to control the motion amplitude of the stepper motor. The size of hole was set at the back of the simulated shell to limit the amount of eye movement. Afterwards, using a 5-point Likert scale, 7 experts evaluated the 3D electric ophthalmotrope’s simulation ability and precision, compared with the traditional anatomical model. In addition, the teaching effectiveness of the 3D electric ophthalmotrope was evaluated at in-class quiz and final exam in a randomized controlled trial. RESULTS: The 3D electric ophthalmotrope could be operated easily to demonstrate the eye movements with motion of different ocular muscles. The experts agreed that the 3D electric ophthalmotrope was different from the traditional model and was easier for students to understand every extraocular muscles’ movement in each evaluation index(P<0.05). Moreover, the results of teaching effectiveness showed that the 3D electric ophthalmotrope were significantly greater than the traditional model both at in-class quiz(P<0.01) and final exam(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This novel 3D electric ophthalmotrope is better than the traditional model, which can be to improve the ophthalmology teaching effectiveness for students to understand the extraocular muscles’ movement.
文摘In 1866, after the Opium Wars, the Chinese official Zuo Zongtang established the Foochow Navy Yard, which aimed to facilitate the independent construction of modern warships. French advisers, engineers, teachers, and craftsmen were hired, and a series of French schools for naval construction, drawing, and apprenticeship were set up. Previous studies have nearly exhausted the historical material on the Foochow Navy Yard, but few of them give an exact evaluation on its shipbuilding and educational levels. This paper traces the French sources on the shipbuilding technology and educational system at the Foochow Navy Yard and conducts a comparative study. With the guidance and assistance of foreigners, the Foochow Navy Yard gained the ability to assemble ships and imitate engines, while it remained necessary to import design drawings and structural components. The most outstanding students that the navy yard nurtured may have reached the level of école Polytechnique graduates, but the quality of students was hard to maintain. The backwardness of its conceptualization and the lack of financial and political support also contributed to its decline.
文摘This paper aims to present the historical constitution of the Deaf Movement （Movimento Surdo） and theirrespective events and claims in the national socio-political scene. Among the numerous social movements operatingin the country and the world we identified the Deaf Movement while present in the social struggles and the poorvisibility conferred on it in the context of listener culture, considering their undeniable importance in the currentform of society. Search up from the use of surveys and interviews to understand this movement as the set of actionsdeveloped by the deaf community around the historical issues, identity, cultural, social and political. Among themany claims of this movement highlights the proposed bilingual education for deaf people seeking socialknowledge of deafness would mean not only the best form of education for the deaf, but also for themaintenance/affirmation of deaf culture.
文摘近年来,模仿学习被广泛应用于机器人领域,并展示出巨大的潜力。同时关注到智能系统在教育领域的应用越来越多样化,将机器人合理地应用到教学中可以提升教学效果,如果机器人可以教授一些专业技巧,如演奏乐器,可以为学生和人类老师都提供很大的便利。模仿学习特别适用于高度专业和技术性强的小提琴演奏,但在将专家演示引入动态运动原语(Dynamic Movement Primitive,DMP)的过程中,模糊性问题尤为突出,例如换弦角度的不确定性。传统的换弦角度测量方法如物理测量会有很大的误差且无法泛化,为了解决这一问题,提出了一种名为基于模糊和PCA的动态运动原语(Fuzzy Dynamic Movement Primitive for Teaching,T-FDMP)的新模型。该模型基于二型模糊模型和主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)进行构建,使用主成分分析法(PCA)得到的特征变量(运弓角度)作为隶属度函数(琴弦角度)的输入进行学习,同时构建了一个专业级的音乐演奏行为数据库。仿生实验结果证明,所提出的T-FDMP模型能够以高精度控制机器人进行小提琴演奏,还为模仿学习在其他高度专业和技术性强的领域的应用提供了新的研究方向。
