Distribution and Contamination of Arsenic in Fish, Gastropods and Bivalves in the Aby and Tendo Lagoons in East of Ivory Coast

Lagoons are ecosystems for biodiversity and the livelihoods of coastal communities. The main objective of the study was to analyze the variability of arsenic concentrations in gastropods and bivalves in the Aby and Tendo lagoons, taking into account spatial, seasonal and hydrological variations. The study was carried out in four stages spread over two successive hydroclimatic cycles, including two seasons during the rainy season and two more during the dry season. The samples were taken in two areas of the Aby and Tendo lagoons. Arsenic levels were measured by ICP-MS. The results showed that mean arsenic concentrations in the muscles of organisms in Aby Lagoon ranged from 0.01 to 1.26 μg As/g, with a mean and median of 0.17 and 0.06 μg As/g, respectively. Fish had the highest levels of arsenic, followed by crustaceans, while molluscs and plants had lower and comparable concentrations of As. Arsenic concentrations in tilapia and jawbones varied significantly between sites and seasons, with higher concentrations at Tendo and during the rainy season. Arsenic concentrations in gastropods and bivalves were significantly higher than those of other species, with averages of 0.74 and 1.03 mg As/kg, respectively.

Roles of Aqueous Extract of Marigold on Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Damage in Pancreatic Islet β-Cells

Roles of Marigold extracts (ME) on arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced oxidative damage to pancreatic β-cells need to be further elucidated. In this study, NIT-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of and/or ATO, following by the cell viability was detected by CCK8 assay. Then, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lipid peroxide (MDA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured with a fluorescence probe method and colorimetric assay, respectively. The apoptosis rate and morphology was detected and observed with hoechst 33,258 staining assay. The mRNA levels and protein expressions of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and protein immunoblotting assay, respectively. Our results indicated that Co-treatment with ME and ATO exacerbated the cell viability decreasing reduced by ATO, while the addition of ME after ATO treatment effectively promote the recovery of ATO reduced survival rates. The ATO group increased apoptosis (P P β-cells by modulating the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Feasibility Evaluation of Using Biochar-based Permeable Reactive Barrier for the Remediation of Mercury and Arsenic Composite Polluted Water Bodies

This study employed a modified biochar material to construct a permeable reactive barrier(PRB)for the treatment of water bodies polluted with mercury and arsenic.The experimental results demonstrated that the addition of goethite-modified biochar significantly enhanced the remediation efficiency of As(III),achieving a maximum removal rate of 100%.Conversely,pure biochar exhibited high efficiency in the removal of Hg(II),with a maximum removal rate approaching 100%.Furthermore,the pH level of the water significantly influenced the adsorption efficiency of heavy metal ions,with the optimal removal performance observed at a pH of 6.0.The PRB system demonstrated excellent removal rates under low concentrations of heavy metals.However,as the concentration increased,the remediation efficiency exhibited a slight decrease.In summary,the findings of this study provide compelling evidence for the use of modified biochar in the construction of PRBs for the remediation of mercury and arsenic-polluted water bodies.Furthermore,the study reveals the mechanism by which pH and heavy metal concentration influence remediation efficiency.

Mechanism of Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats Exposed to Arsenic and/or Fluoride Based on Microbiome and Metabolome

Objective Arsenic(As) and fluoride(F) are two of the most common elements contaminating groundwater resources. A growing number of studies have found that As and F can cause neurotoxicity in infants and children, leading to cognitive, learning, and memory impairments. However, early biomarkers of learning and memory impairment induced by As and/or F remain unclear. In the present study, the mechanisms by which As and/or F cause learning memory impairment are explored at the multi-omics level(microbiome and metabolome).Methods We stablished an SD rats model exposed to arsenic and/or fluoride from intrauterine to adult period.Results Arsenic and/fluoride exposed groups showed reduced neurobehavioral performance and lesions in the hippocampal CA1 region. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that As and/or F exposure significantly altered the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome, featuring the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ruminococcus_1, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group. Metabolome analysis showed that As and/or F-induced learning and memory impairment may be related to tryptophan, lipoic acid, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic(GABAergic) synapse, and arachidonic acid(AA) metabolism. The gut microbiota, metabolites, and learning memory indicators were significantly correlated.Conclusion Learning memory impairment triggered by As and/or F exposure may be mediated by different gut microbes and their associated metabolites.

Plant-derived natural compounds in the treatment of arsenic-induced toxicity

Arsenic toxicity,imposed mainly by arsenic-contaminated groundwater,is considered a critical threat to global communal health,as there is no specific and proven conventional therapy for chronic arsenic toxicity,i.e.,arsenicosis,which is an insidious global public health menace affecting 50 countries.Alternative options should,therefore,be explored for the mitigation of arsenicosis.Literature survey reveals several natural compounds from plants possess significant protective efficacy against arsenic toxicity in chiefly preclinical and few clinical investigations.The studies on the ameliorative effects of plant-derived natural compounds against arsenic toxicity published in the last 25 years are collated.Forty-eight plant-based natural compounds possess alleviative effects on experimental arsenic-induced toxicity in animals,six of which have been reported to be clinically effective in humans.A potential nutraceutical or therapeutic candidate against arsenicosis for humans may thus be developed with the help of recent advancements in research in this area,along with the currently available treatments.

Hesperidin attenuates arsenic trioxide-induced cardiac toxicity in rats

Objective:To explore the cardioprotective effect of hesperidin against arsenic trioxide-induced cardiac toxicity in rats.Methods:Cardiac toxicity was induced by oral administration of 4 mg/kg arsenic trioxide for 30 days.Hematological,biochemical,electrocardiography,echocardiography,and histopathological examinations were performed.Results:Hesperidin decreased the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,calcium,creatine kinase-myoglobin binding,lactate dehydrogenase,IL-6,and lipid peroxidation,as well as increased sodium and potassium concentration and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in arsenic trioxide-intoxicated rats.Moreover,it reduced peak systolic velocity and end-diastolic velocity while increasing heart rate.Arsenic trioxide-induced histopathological damage to cardiac tissue was prominently alleviated by hesperidin treatment.Conclusions:Hesperidin attenuates arsenic trioxide-induced cardiac toxicity in rats.Therefore,it can be further explored as a cardioprotective agent.

Arsenic removal from acidic industrial wastewater by ultrasonic activated phosphorus pentasulfide

Arsenic is one of the main harmful elements in industrial wastewater.How to remove arsenic has always been one of the research hotspots in academic circles.In the process of arsenic removal by traditional sulfuration,the use of traditional sulfurizing agent will introduce new metal cations,which will affect the recycling of acid.In this study,phosphorus pentasulfide (P_(2)S_(5)) was used as sulfurizing agent,which hydrolyzed to produce H_(3)PO_(4) and H_(2)S without introducing new metal cations.The effect of ultrasound on arsenic removal by P_(2)S_(5) was studied.Under the action of ultrasound,the utilization of P_(2)S_(5) was improved and the reaction time was shortened.The effects of S/As molar ratio and reaction time on arsenic removal rate were investigated under ultrasonic conditions.Ultrasonic enhanced heat and mass transfer so that the arsenic removal rate of 94.5%could be achieved under the conditions of S/As molar ratio of 2.1:1 and reaction time of 20 min.In the first 60 min,under the same S/As molar ratio and reaction time,the ultrasonic hydrolysis efficiency of P_(2)S_(5) was higher.This is because P_(2)S_(5) forms ([(P_(2)S_(4))])^(2+)under the ultrasonic action,and the structure is damaged,which is easier to be hydrolyzed.In addition,the precipitation after arsenic removal was characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer,X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Our research avoids the introduction of metal cations in the arsenic removal process,and shortens the reaction time.

CD71-mediated liposomal arsenic-nickel complex combined with all-trans retinoic acid for the efficacy of acute promyelocytic leukemia

Clinically,arsenic trioxide(ATO)was applied to the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL)as a reliable and effective frontline drug.However,the administration regimen of AsⅢwas limited due to its fast clearance,short therapeutic window and toxicity as well.Based on CD71 overexpressed on APL cells,in present study,a transferrin(Tf)-modified liposome(LP)was established firstly to encapsulate AsⅢin arsenic-nickel complex by nickel acetate gradient method.The AsⅢ-loaded liposomes(AsLP)exhibited the feature of acid-sensitive release in vitro.Tf-modified AsLP(Tf-AsLP)were specifically taken up by APL cells and the acidic intracellular environment triggered liposome to release AsⅢwhich stimulated reactive oxygen species level and caspase-3 activity.Tf-AsLP prolonged half-life of AsⅢin blood circulation,lowered systemic toxicity,and promoted apoptosis and induced cell differentiation at lesion site in vivo.Considering that ATO combined with RA is usually applied as the first choice in clinic for APL treatment to improve the therapeutic effect,accordingly,a Tf-modified RA liposome(Tf-RALP)was designed to reduce the severe side effects of free RA and assist Tf-AsLP for better efficacy.As expected,the tumor inhibition rate of Tf-AsLP was improved significantly with the combination of Tf-RALP on subcutaneous tumor model.Furthermore,APL orthotopic NOD/SCID mice model was established by 60CO irradiation and HL-60 cells intravenously injection.The effect of co-administration(Tf-AsLP+Tf-RALP)was also confirmed to conspicuous decrease the number of leukemia cells in the circulatory system and prolong the survival time of APL mice by promoting the APL cells’apoptosis and differentiation in peripheral blood and bone marrow.Collectively,Tf-modified acid-sensitive AsLP could greatly reduce the systemic toxicity of free drug.Moreover,Tf-AsLP combined with Tf-RALP could achieve better efficacy.Thus,transferrinmodified AsⅢliposome would be a novel clinical strategy to improve patient compliance,with promising translation prospects.

Preparation of Biomanganese Oxide-biochar Composite and Its Remediation of Arsenic Contamination

[Objectives]To prepare biomanganese oxide/biochar composite(BMO-BC)and examine its remediation performance on arsenic contamination.[Methods]The BMO-BC was prepared by cultivating Pseudomonas putida MnB1 in the presence of Mn 2+and biochar.[Results]The initial concentration of Mn 2+in the culture system had no significant effect on the growth rate and domestication cycle of Pseudomonas putida MnB1.The results of SEM-EDS and XRD analysis confirm that the adsorbent prepared in this experiment was a composite of biomanganese oxide and biochar particles.The results of arsenic pollution removal test in simulated environment showed that the in-situ formed BMO-BC composite had certain removal effect on As(III)and the presence of biochar particles and manganese dioxide in the reaction system and the manganese oxidation ability of microbial strain MnB1 affect its remediation performance to As(III).[Conclusions]When the initial concentration is in the range of 0-10.0 mg/L,the isothermal adsorption data of BMO-BC on As(III)conforms to the Langmuir model.

Assessment of Soil Contamination and Human Health Risk around an Industrial Gold Mine in Côte d’Ivoire: The Case of Arsenic

The Tongon mine generates millions of tons of waste rock and tailings, which are stored in landfills in the vicinity of the mine. These tailings contain arsenic. The risk of soil contamination in this area is evident. This study assesses the arsenic contamination of soils around the mine and the health risks to the local population. Soil samples were taken from plastic bags and other materials used as working tools. Arsenic concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, after the soil samples had been concentrated and digested. Metal contamination indices were used to assess the degree of soil contamination. The results obtained indicate that soils in the industrial zone of the Tongon gold mine have very high average concentrations, well above the world average for uncontaminated soils of 6 mg/kg arsenic. Geoaccumulation index values range from 1.28 to 3.40. These values highlight severe arsenic soil contamination. The human health risk assessment revealed that exposure risks are well above the critical limit of 1 and are, in descending order, children > adult women > adult men. These results indicate an ecological risk, requiring environmental monitoring, underpinned by the development of an effective remediation strategy to reduce local pollution and contamination.

Review and Analysis: Fate of Arsenic Applied to Canal Shipping Lane Vegetation and United States Military Base Grounds in the Panama Canal Zone

The opening of the Panama Canal in 1913 increased the availability of internationally traded goods and transformed ocean-shipping by shortening travel time between the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean. The canal sparked the growth of port authorities and increased ship tonnage on both coasts of Panama. Since the construction of the Panama Canal, in the 1910s, pesticides, herbicides and chemicals, including arsenic, have been essential for controlling wetland vegetation, including hyacinth, which blocked rivers, lakes, and the canal as well as managing mosquitoes. Pesticides and chemicals flowed into Lake Gatun (reservoir) either attached to sediment or in solution during the monsoon season. Lake Gatun was the drinking water source for most of the people living in the Panama Canal Zone. The United States military base commanders had the ability to order and use cacodylic acid (arsenic based) from the Naval Depot Supply Federal and Stock Catalog and the later Federal Supply Catalog on the military base grounds in the Panama Canal Zone. Cacodylic acid was shipped to Panama Canal Zone ports, including Balboa and Cristobal, and distributed to the military bases by rail or truck. The objective of this study is to determine the fate of arsenic: 1) applied between 1914 and 1935 to Panama Canal shipping lane hyacinth and other wetland vegetation and 2) cacodylic acid (arsenic) sprayed from 1948 to 1999 on the US military base grounds in the Panama Canal Zone.

Source,migration,distribution,toxicological effects and remediation technologies of arsenic in groundwater in China

Groundwater with high arsenic(As) content seriously threatens human life and health. Drinking high-As groundwater for a long time will lead to various pathological changes such as skin cancer, liver cancer,and kidney cancer. High-As groundwater has become one of the most serious environmental geological problems in China and even internationally. This paper aims to systematically summarize the sources,migration, distribution, toxicological effects, and treatment techniques of As in natural groundwater in China based on a large number of literature surveys. High-As groundwater in China is mainly distributed in the inland basins in arid and semi-arid environments and the alluvial and lacustrine aquifers in river deltas in humid environments, which are in neutral to weakly alkaline and strongly reducing environments.The content of As in groundwater varies widely, and As(Ⅲ) is the main form. The main mechanism of the formation of high-As groundwater in China is the reduced dissolution of Fe and Mn oxides under the action of organic matter and primary microorganisms, alkaline environment, intense evaporation and concentration, long-term water-rock interaction, and slow groundwater velocity, which promote the continuous migration and enrichment of As in groundwater. There are obvious differences in the toxicity of different forms of As. The toxic of As(Ⅲ) is far more than As(V), which is considered to be more toxic than methyl arsenate(MMA) and dimethyl arsenate(DMA). Inorganic As entering the body is metabolized through a combination of methylation(detoxification) and reduction(activation) and catalyzed by a series of methyltransferases and reductases. At present, remediation methods for high-As groundwater mainly include ion exchange technology, membrane filtration technology, biological treatment technology, nanocomposite adsorption technology, electrochemical technology, and so on. All the above remediation methods still have certain limitations, and it is urgent to develop treatment materials and technical means with stronger As removal performance and sustainability. With the joint efforts of scientists and governments of various countries in the future, this worldwide problem of drinking-water As poisoning will be solved as soon as possible. This paper systematically summarizes and discusses the hot research results of natural high-As groundwater, which could provide a reference for the related research of high-As groundwater in China and even the world.

锁磷剂与增氧剂联用去除沉积物中砷的效果与机制

为研究锁磷剂(LMB)与增氧剂CaO_(2)联合应用对富营养化湖泊沉积物中砷(As)污染的去除效果,理清联用技术对沉积物水界面As的去除机制,以太湖梅梁湾底泥为研究对象开展模拟试验。结果表明:LMB与CaO_(2)联用对沉积物中的As的去除效果优于LMB、CaO_(2)单独使用;在试验第45天,LMB与CaO_(2)联用对沉积物溶解态As去除率最大,为39.31%,在试验第90天,LMB与CaO_(2)联用对As的去除效果较差;为实现沉积物中As的高效去除,可在加入LMB和CaO_(2)45 d后对LMB和CaO_(2)进行回收;LMB与CaO_(2)联用去除As的主要机制为LMB和CaO_(2)中的La^(3+)、Ca^(2+)与砷酸根离子络合形成LaAsO_(4)和Ca_(3)(AsO_(4))2沉淀以及Fe(Ⅲ)、Mn(Ⅳ)氧化物的协同吸附作用;Fe和Mn氧化还原在控制沉积物As的释放中起着关键作用。

Fe(Ⅱ)非生物氧化-沉淀联合工艺对As(Ⅴ)去除的研究

由于现代化工业进程快速发展,大量砷污染物进入水体,引起水质恶化。提出了氧诱导Fe(Ⅱ)非生物氧化与As(Ⅴ)共沉淀,是一种节省成本、时间且高效的As(Ⅴ)去除方法。考察了pH、Fe(Ⅱ)/As(Ⅴ)摩尔比、溶解氧(DO)浓度、温度及共存离子对As(Ⅴ)去除的影响。结果表明,同步氧化Fe(Ⅱ)可显著提高亚铁除砷效率。随着pH从5.3增加到8.0,As(Ⅴ)去除能力先增大后减小,最佳pH为6.4;溶解氧质量浓度从0提高到4 mg/L,反应60 min后As(Ⅴ)的去除率提升了37.85%;反应体系中共存离子(Cu^(2+)、Ni^(2+)、Mn^(2+)、Cl-、NO_(3)^(-)、PO_(4)^(-))存在时,Mn^(2+)促进As(Ⅴ)的去除,Mn(Ⅱ)=0.5 mg/L,As(Ⅴ)的去除率提高了11%;提高温度和亚铁浓度均能增加As(Ⅴ)的去除率。SEM-EDS结果表明,氧气存在时固体颗粒由松散细小转化为轮廓清晰、簇团密实的球形团聚,颗粒粒径增大,增强了As(Ⅴ)的固定。以活性氧(ROS)为氧化剂,与Fe(Ⅱ)发生类Fenton反应是Fe(Ⅱ)氧化的机理,砷酸铁和含砷的铁(氢)氧化物是砷固定的主要形态。

“课程思政”视域下元素化学教学设计——以砷元素为例

本文以砷元素教学为例,介绍元素化学“课程思政”教学设计。深入挖掘课程蕴含的思政元素,充分发挥课程承载的隐性渗透的思政教育功能,将唯物辩证论与科学思想、家国情怀与社会责任、生态文明与环保意识等有机融入课程内容与课堂教学环节中,培养学生的创新意识、科学精神、爱国主义、生态文明意识等,以期同步实现“知识传授”“能力培养”与“价值引领”。

硫酸亚铁焙烧一水浸工艺分离黑铜泥中铜和砷

采用硫酸亚铁焙烧-水浸工艺实现黑铜泥中铜、砷一步分离。考察了铁砷摩尔比(Fe/As)、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、水浸初始pH等对试验效果的影响。较优工艺条件为:焙烧温度400℃、Fe/As=0.3、焙烧时间120 min、水浸温度80℃、水浸时间60 min、水浸液固比7 mL/g、水浸初始pH=4.5,沉砷率高达99%以上,铜浸出率高达96%以上。经XRD分析,沉砷渣主要成分为臭葱石和氧化铁,实现了砷的安全固化处置。

2022年泰州市某区PM_(2.5)中金属元素含量测定及健康风险评价

目的分析2022年泰州市某区大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素的变化特征,评估其对人群的健康风险。方法2022年每月10—16日在监测点进行PM_(2.5)采样,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定12种金属元素含量,利用富集因子(enrich factor,EF)法识别金属元素的来源,并进行人群健康风险评价。结果2022年泰州市某区大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素平均浓度由高到低为Mn>Pb>As>Se>Cr>Ni>Sb>Cd>Hg>Be>Tl,其中Al、Cd、Hg、Ni、Se、Tl浓度变化均有季节性差异(H值分别为13.932、11.817、15.836、8.423、7.876、14.316,P值圴<0.05);Cr、As、Sb、Cd等金属的EF值均>10。当人群暴露外环境时间达到3 h/d,Cr对成年男性、成年女性和儿童可能存在致癌风险;当暴露外环境中时间达到5 h/d,As对成年男性、成年女性可能存在致癌风险。结论该地区PM_(2.5)中金属元素主要来自于人为污染,季节性差异较为明显,Cr和As对人群的潜在健康风险较高,需引起重视。

三级耦合技术处理含砷废水工程实例

以某光伏企业为例,以砷为主要考察指标,设计“板框压滤+砷铁共沉淀+活性砂过滤”三级耦合工艺,应用于含砷废水预处理。介绍该工艺技术特点,并给出主要构筑物的技术参数,阐述工艺控制要点及系统运行情况,分析运行效果。工程运行结果表明,该工艺可有效去除总砷,出水水质稳定达标。

某高硫含砷难处理金矿选冶试验研究

针对某金矿中硫、砷含量过高且易泥化导致金回收率低的问题,采用阶段磨矿阶段浮选—浮选尾矿非氰浸出工艺流程开展试验研究。研究结果表明:在一段磨矿细度-0.074 mm占75.6%、二段磨矿细度-0.043 mm占78.1%,酸化水玻璃用量为1 650 g/t,硫酸铜用量为350 g/t,丁基黄药+丁铵黑药用量为(240+96) g/t,松醇油用量为160 g/t的条件下进行浮选试验,浮选尾矿采用非氰浸出剂进行非氰浸出,最终获得了浮选金精矿金回收率84.40%,浮选尾矿金浸出率10.52%,总金回收率94.92%的回收指标。研究结果对开发该类金矿资源具有重要指导意义。

长江中游牛轭湖湿地含水层沉积物中铁和有机质组成对砷赋存形态的影响

以长江中游天鹅洲故道牛轭湖湿地为研究对象,研究了长江中游牛轭湖湿地内外侧C3、C5两个典型钻孔沉积物中砷、铁赋存形态和有机质组成差异,并结合内外侧沉积环境的差异,查明了牛轭湖湿地内外侧不同沉积环境中铁-有机质耦合作用对含水层沉积物中砷赋存形态的影响。结果表明:牛轭湖湿地外侧C3钻孔0~<10m浅层沉积物中含有更多的吸附在无定形铁氧化物和腐殖质类有机质上的强吸附态砷,牛轭湖湿地内侧C5钻孔沉积物中含有更多与硅酸盐铁结合的低活性砷;牛轭湖湿地外侧浅层沉积物中富含黏土矿物以及粒径偏细、风化程度较高的湖相沉积环境使得铁-有机质-砷共同富集,牛轭湖湿地内侧沉积物粒径偏粗、风化程度偏低的河流相沉积环境不利于活性砷和黏土矿物、有机质的赋存。