AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic examination of blood flow and edema in the remnant bowel.METHODS:We retrospectively studied 15 patients who underwent massive bowel resection with enterostomy for superior me...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic examination of blood flow and edema in the remnant bowel.METHODS:We retrospectively studied 15 patients who underwent massive bowel resection with enterostomy for superior mesenteric arterial occlusion (SMAO); the patients were divided into a delayed closure group (D group) and an early closure group (E group).RESULTS:The mean duration from initial operation to enterostomy closure was significantly shorter in the E group (18.3 ± 2.1 d) than in the D group (34.3 ± 5.9 d) (P < 0.0001). The duration of hospitalization after surgery was significantly shorter in the E group (33 ± 2.2 d) than in the D group (51 ± 8.9 d) (P < 0.0002).CONCLUSION:Endoscopic examination of blood flow and edema in the remnant bowel is useful to assess the feasibility of early closure of enterostomy in SMAO cases.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the difference in risk factors between non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy(NAION)and central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO)and develop a predictive diagnostic nomogram.METHODS:The stud...AIM:To investigate the difference in risk factors between non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy(NAION)and central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO)and develop a predictive diagnostic nomogram.METHODS:The study included 37 patients with monocular NAION,20 with monocular CRAO,and 24 with hypertension.Gender,age,and systemic diseases were recorded.Blood routine,lipids,hemorheology,carotid and brachial artery doppler ultrasound,and echocardiography were collected.The optic disc area,cup area,and cup-to-disc ratio(C/D)of the unaffected eye in the NAION and CRAO group and the right eye in the hypertension group were measured.RESULTS:The carotid artery intimal medial thickness(C-IMT)of the affected side of the CRAO group was thicker(P=0.039)and its flow-mediated dilation(FMD)was lower(P=0.049)than the NAION group.Compared with hypertension patients,NAION patients had higher whole blood reduced viscosity low-shear(WBRV-L)and erythrocyte aggregation index(EAI;P=0.045,0.037),and CRAO patients had higher index of rigidity of erythrocyte(IR)and erythrocyte deformation index(EDI;P=0.004,0.001).The optic cup and the C/D of the NAION group were smaller than the other two groups(P<0.0001).The diagnostic prediction model showed high diagnostic specificity(83.7%)and sensitivity(85.6%),which was highly related to hypertension,the C-IMT of the affected side,FMD,platelet(PLT),EAI,and C/D.CONCLUSION:CRAO patients show thicker C-IMT and worse endothelial function than NAION.NAION and CRAO may be related to abnormal hemorheology.A small cup and small C/D may be involved in NAION.The diagnostic nomogram can be used to preliminarily identify NAION and CRAO.展开更多
AIM:To observe the retinal and choroidal circulations in patients with non-arteritic permanent central retinal artery occlusion(NA-CRAO)via optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)and analyze their correlation w...AIM:To observe the retinal and choroidal circulations in patients with non-arteritic permanent central retinal artery occlusion(NA-CRAO)via optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)and analyze their correlation with visual acuity.METHODS:Sixty-two eyes with clinically confirmed acute NA-CRAO were included in the study and divided into:A type(mild n=29),B type(moderate n=27)and C type(severe n=6)based on the degree of visual loss,retinal edema,and arterial blood flow delay in fundus fluorescence angiography(FFA).Contralateral healthy eyes were used as the control group.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),slit lamp microscopy,indirect ophthalmoscopy,fundus color photography,OCTA,and FFA were performed.Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to determine the correlations between retinal and choroidal vessels and visual acuity.RESULTS:There were no statistically significant differences in age,gender,and intraocular pressure among the three types and the control group(P>0.05).Vessel density in deep capillary plexus(VD-DCP)significantly decreased(P<0.05)in all three types of NA-CRAO patients compared to the control group.Vessel density in superficial vascular plexus(VD-SVP)significantly decreased(P<0.05)in type A patients and choriocapillaris flow area significantly decreased(P<0.05)in type B and type C patients compared to the control group;while outer retinal flow areas significantly increased in the type A(P<0.05)and decreased in type C patients(P<0.05).The retinal thickness significantly increased in type C group(P<0.05).The VD-SVP at fovea in the type A was significantly lower than both of type B and C.The VD-SVP at nasal parafovea in type A and B was significantly lower than type C(P<0.05).The logMAR BCVA of type A was significantly better than that of type B and C groups(P<0.05).Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the logMAR BCVA was positively correlated with VD-SVP at fovea(r=0.679,P=0.031)and nasal parafovea(r=0.826,P=0.013).CONCLUSION:OCTA is valuable for assessing retinal ischemia,and evaluating visual impairment.Deep retinal vasculature is commonly affected in all NA-CRAO types.VDSVPs at fovea and nasal parafovea can serve as reliable markers of visual impairment in NA-CRAO.展开更多
BACKGROUND Traumatic internal carotid artery(ICA)occlusion is a rare complication of skull base fractures,characterized by high mortality and disability rates,and poor prognosis.Therefore,timely discovery and correct ...BACKGROUND Traumatic internal carotid artery(ICA)occlusion is a rare complication of skull base fractures,characterized by high mortality and disability rates,and poor prognosis.Therefore,timely discovery and correct management are crucial for saving the lives of such patients and improving their prognosis.This article retrospectively analyzed the imaging and clinical data of three patients,to explore the imaging characteristics and treatment strategies for carotid artery occlusion,combined with severe skull base fractures.CASE SUMMARY This case included three patients,all male,aged 21,63,and 16 years.They underwent plain film skull computed tomography(CT)examination at the onset of their illnesses,which revealed fractures at the bases of their skulls.Ultimately,these cases were definitively diagnosed through CT angiography(CTA)examinations.The first patient did not receive surgical treatment,only anticoagulation therapy,and recovered smoothly with no residual limb dysfunction(Case 1).The other two patients both developed intracranial hypertension and underwent decompressive craniectomy.One of these patients had high intracranial pressure and significant brain swelling postoperatively,leading the family to choose to take him home(Case 2).The other patient also underwent decompressive craniectomy and recovered well postoperatively with only mild limb motor dysfunction(Case 3).We retrieved literature from PubMed on skull base fractures causing ICA occlusion to determine the imaging characteristics and treatment strategies for this type of disease.CONCLUSION For patients with cranial trauma combined with skull base fractures,it is essential to complete a CTA examination as soon as possible,to screen for blunt cerebrovascular injury.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic artery occlusion(HAO)after liver transplantation(LT)is a devastating complication,resulting in early graft loss and reduced overall survival.Ultra-sound is an established assessment method for HAO i...BACKGROUND Hepatic artery occlusion(HAO)after liver transplantation(LT)is a devastating complication,resulting in early graft loss and reduced overall survival.Ultra-sound is an established assessment method for HAO in patients following LT,especially those with complex hepatic artery reconstruction.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the ultrasound characteristics and the clinic risk factors associated with HAO in 400 adult LT patients who were enrolled and treated at the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen between November 2016 and July 2022.Fourteen patients diagnosed with acute HAO(A-HAO)by surgery and fifteen diagnosed with chronic HAO(C-HAO)were included.A control group of 33 patients without HAO complications during the same period were randomly selected using a random number table.All patients underwent an ultrasono-graphy examination.Parameters including resistance index(RI),peak systolic velocity(PSV),and portal vein velocity(PVV)were compared across the groups.Additionally,basic clinical data were collected for all patients,including gender,age,primary diagnosis,D-dimer concentration,total operation time,cold ischemia time,hot ischemia time,intraoperative blood loss and transfusion,intraoperative urine volume,infusion,model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score,and whether complex hepatic artery reconstructions were performed.Furthermore,risk factors influencing HAO formation after LT were analyzed.RESULTS Compared to the non-HAO group,PVV and RI were higher in the A-HAO group,while PSV was lower.Conversely,both PSV and RI were lower in the C-HAO group compared to the non-HAO group.The proportion of patients undergoing complex hepatic artery reconstructions and the gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT)level before occlusion were significantly higher in the A-HAO group compared to the non-HAO group.However,there were no distinct differences between the two groups in D-dimer,MELD score,pre-occlusion alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels,or intraoperative conditions.CONCLUSION Ultrasound features of the hepatic artery before occlusion are significantly associated with postoperative HAO development.Additionally,complex hepatic artery reconstructions,defined as revascularization of the graft requiring additional anastomosis between donor hepatic arteries,constitute a risk factor for A-HAO.Besides,abnormal pre-occlusion GGT elevation is an important biochemical indicator.Therefore,ultrasound examination serves as an important tool for screening HAO,especially in patients with the identified risk factors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with giant intracranial aneurysms(GIAs)are at a high risk of rupture,morbidity,and mortality even after surgical or endovascular treatment.We described a case of a spontaneously occluded GIA second...BACKGROUND Patients with giant intracranial aneurysms(GIAs)are at a high risk of rupture,morbidity,and mortality even after surgical or endovascular treatment.We described a case of a spontaneously occluded GIA secondary to gradual growth of the GIA,continuously progressed aneurysmal thrombosis,complete aneurysmal calcification and complete occlusion of the parent artery-the right internal carotid artery(RICA).CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old female patient complained of sudden pain in her right eye upon admission to our hospital.She had been diagnosed with a GIA[30 mm(axial)×38 mm(coronal)×28 mm(sagittal)]containing an aneurysmal thrombus located in the cavernous sinus segment of RICA diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),enhanced MRI,and magnetic resonance angiography more than 14 years ago.Later,with slow growth of the cavernous carotid GIA,aneurysmal thrombosis progressed continuously,spontaneous occlusion of the RICA,complete aneurysmal calcification,and occlusion of the GIA occurred gradually.She had no history of subarachnoid hemorrhage but missed the chance for endovascular therapy at an early stage.As a result,she was left with severe permanent sequelae from the injuries to the right cranial nerves Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,V1/V2,and Ⅴ.CONCLUSION The risk of rupture of the cavernous carotid GIAs was relatively low and possibly further be reduced by the stasis flow and spontaneous occlusion of the parent artery internal carotid artery(ICA)induced by the mass effect of the cavernous carotid GIAs and the extremely rare aneurysmal calcification.However,nowadays,it is advisable to recommend early endovascular treatment for the cavernous carotid GIAs to prevent injuries to the surrounding intracranial nerves and occlusion of the ICA,mainly caused by the mass effect of the cavernous carotid GIAs.展开更多
To assess the relationship between cochlear blood flow (CBF) and auditory function, a procedure of intravital microscopy for observations of the lateral wall vessels of the cochlea coupled with the simultaneous measur...To assess the relationship between cochlear blood flow (CBF) and auditory function, a procedure of intravital microscopy for observations of the lateral wall vessels of the cochlea coupled with the simultaneous measurement of the endocochlear potential (EP) was established in guinea pigs with gradual ischemia of the cochlea. It was found that occlusions of both common carotid arteries and one of the vertebral arteries produced a minor reduction in CBF with no significant alteration in the EP. When intravenous infusion of ATP induced sharp and severe decreases in CBF, the EP varied only slightly from the baseline in some animals while there were no alteration in others. Furthermore, ATP infusions combined with arterial occlusions caused even more severe declines in CBF and a moderate decrease in the EP. The results indicate that not only does the CBF satisfy the basic needs of the processes of cochlear function, but also has a regulatory mechanism to ensure the normal function of the cochlea in the ischemia condition. It was also found that the changes in the stria vascularis vessels induced by decreases in blood pressure (BP) and heart rates were more severe than those of the spiral ligament vessels. This phenomenon indicated that the stria vascularis vessels were more sensitive to decreases of BP and heart rates.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP)is rare but may result in uterine rupture during pregnancy or massive hemorrhage during abortion procedures.Awareness of this condition is increasing,and most patients with CSP a...BACKGROUND Cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP)is rare but may result in uterine rupture during pregnancy or massive hemorrhage during abortion procedures.Awareness of this condition is increasing,and most patients with CSP are now diagnosed early and can be managed safely.However,some atypical patients are misdiagnosed,and their surgical risks are underestimated,increasing the risk of fatal hemorrhage.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old Asian woman visited our institution because of abnormal pregnancy,and she was diagnosed with a hydatidiform mole through transvaginal ultrasound(TVS).Under hysteroscopy,a large amount of placental tissue was found in the scar of the lower uterine segment,and a sudden massive hemorrhage occurred during the removal process.The bilateral internal iliac arteries were temporarily blocked under laparoscopy,and scar resection and repair were rapidly performed.She was discharged in good condition 5 d after the operation.CONCLUSION Although TVS is widely used in the diagnosis of CSP,delays in the diagnosis of atypical CSP remain.Surgical treatment following internal iliac artery temporary occlusion may be an appropriate management method for unanticipated massive hemorrhage during CSP surgery.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endovascular recanalization of non-acute intracranial artery occlusion is technically difficult,particularly when the microwire enters the subintima.Although the subintimal tracking and re-entry technique h...BACKGROUND Endovascular recanalization of non-acute intracranial artery occlusion is technically difficult,particularly when the microwire enters the subintima.Although the subintimal tracking and re-entry technique has been well established in the endovascular treatment of coronary artery occlusion,there is limited experience with its use in intracranial occlusion due to anatomical variations and a lack of dedicated devices.CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old man was admitted to the hospital two days after experiencing acute weakness in both lower extremities,poor speech,and dizziness.After admission,imaging revealed acute ischemic stroke and non-acute occlusion of bilateral intracranial vertebral arteries(ICVAs).On the fourth day of admission,the patient's condition deteriorated and an emergency endovascular recanalization of the left ICVA was performed.During this procedure,a microwire was advanced in the subintima of the vessel wall and successfully reentered the distal true lumen.Two stents were implanted in the subintima.The patient's Modified Rankin Scale was 1 at three months postoperatively.CONCLUSION We present a technical case of subintimal recanalization for non-acute ICVA occlusion in an emergency endovascular procedure.However,we emphasize the necessity for caution when applying the subintimal tracking approach in intracranial occlusion due to the significant dangers involved.展开更多
AIM:To determine the frequency of patients’vision survival and prognostic factors and evaluate clinical features in rhino-orbital mucormycosis.METHODS:Forty-three eyes of 43 patients followed up with orbital mucormyc...AIM:To determine the frequency of patients’vision survival and prognostic factors and evaluate clinical features in rhino-orbital mucormycosis.METHODS:Forty-three eyes of 43 patients followed up with orbital mucormycosis infections were included in the study.Demographic characteristics of the patients,symptoms at admission,ophthalmologic and non-ophthalmologic examination findings,clinical findings during follow-up,medical and surgical procedures,and complications were recorded.Patient survival was determined by assessing the incidence of mortality,and vision survival was defined as achieving a final visual acuity of at least light perception.RESULTS:Twenty-seven(62.8%)patients were male,and 16(37.2%)were female.When the underlying disease status of the patients was examined,it was observed that all patients had an underlying disease and diabetes constituted the majority(65.2%).Periorbital swelling(69.8%)and ophthalmoplegia(53.5%)were the most common symptoms and findings at the admission of patients with mucormycosis infection.The disease resulted in death in 22(51.2%)patients.The presence of fever and shorter duration of antifungal therapy were associated with lower patient survival.Exenteration surgery was not found to be associated with the survival of the patients.Frozen eye,loss of pupillary light reflex,and development of central retinal artery occlusion were associated with lower vision survival.CONCLUSION:This study presents one of the most extensive patient series in the literature on rhino-orbital mucormycosis.Knowing the patients’symptoms at the time of admission and the clinical findings during the infection process will increase awareness about the disease.展开更多
Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug therapy.Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitatio...Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug therapy.Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after stroke.In this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral ischemia.We also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these effects.Adult mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery occlusion.We found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory function.Further analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of exercise.Agonist activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise effects.In summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.展开更多
Prolife ration of neural stem cells is crucial for promoting neuronal regeneration and repairing cerebral infarction damage.Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)has recently emerged as a tool for inducing endogenous ...Prolife ration of neural stem cells is crucial for promoting neuronal regeneration and repairing cerebral infarction damage.Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)has recently emerged as a tool for inducing endogenous neural stem cell regeneration,but its underlying mechanisms remain unclea r In this study,we found that repetitive TMS effectively promotes the proliferation of oxygen-glucose deprived neural stem cells.Additionally,repetitive TMS reduced the volume of cerebral infa rction in a rat model of ischemic stro ke caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion,im p roved rat cognitive function,and promoted the proliferation of neural stem cells in the ischemic penumbra.RNA-sequencing found that repetitive TMS activated the Wnt signaling pathway in the ischemic penumbra of rats with cerebral ischemia.Furthermore,PCR analysis revealed that repetitive TMS promoted AKT phosphorylation,leading to an increase in mRNA levels of cell cycle-related proteins such as Cdk2 and Cdk4.This effect was also associated with activation of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin signaling pathway,which ultimately promotes the prolife ration of neural stem cells.Subsequently,we validated the effect of repetitive TMS on AKT phosphorylation.We found that repetitive TMS promoted Ca2+influx into neural stem cells by activating the P2 calcium channel/calmodulin pathway,thereby promoting AKT phosphorylation and activating the glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin pathway.These findings indicate that repetitive TMS can promote the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells through a Ca2+influx-dependent phosphorylated AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.This study has produced pioneering res ults on the intrinsic mechanism of repetitive TMS to promote neural function recove ry after ischemic stro ke.These results provide a stro ng scientific foundation for the clinical application of repetitive TMS.Moreover,repetitive TMS treatment may not only be an efficient and potential approach to support neurogenesis for further therapeutic applications,but also provide an effective platform for the expansion of neural stem cells.展开更多
Acupuncture is regarded as an effective therapy for cerebral ischemia. Different acupuncture ma- nipulations and durations may result in different therapeutic effects. In the present study, the Neig uan (PC6) acupoi...Acupuncture is regarded as an effective therapy for cerebral ischemia. Different acupuncture ma- nipulations and durations may result in different therapeutic effects. In the present study, the Neig uan (PC6) acupoint of rats with occluded middle cerebral arteries was needled at a fixed frequency (3 Hz) with different durations, i.e., 5, 60 and 180 seconds under a twisting-rotating acupuncture method. Results showed that different durations of acupuncture had different therapeutic effects, with 60 seconds yielding a better therapeutic effect than the other two groups. This duration of treatment demonstrated rapid cerebral blood flow, encouraging recovery of neurological function, and small cerebral infarct volume. Experimental findings indicated that under 3 Hz frequency, the treatment of needling Neiguan for 60 seconds is effective for ischemic stroke.展开更多
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) vascular hyperintensity (FVH) is used to assess leptomeningeal collateral circulation, but clinical outcomes of patients with FVH can be very different. The aim of the p...Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) vascular hyperintensity (FVH) is used to assess leptomeningeal collateral circulation, but clinical outcomes of patients with FVH can be very different. The aim of the present study was to assess a FVH score and explore its relationship with clinical outcomes. Patients with acute ischemic stroke due to middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion underwent magnetic resonance imaging and were followed up at 10 days (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) and 90 days (modified Rankin Scale) to determine short-term clinical outcomes. Effective collateral circulation indirectly improved recovery of neurological function and short-term clinical outcome by extending the size of the pial penumbra and reducing infarct lesions. FVH score showed no correlation with 90-day functional clinical outcome and was not sufficient as an independent predictor of short-term clinical outcome.展开更多
Ferumoxytol, an iron replacement product, is a new type of superparamagnetic iron oxide ap- proved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Herein, we assessed the feasibility of tracking transplanted human adipose-der...Ferumoxytol, an iron replacement product, is a new type of superparamagnetic iron oxide ap- proved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Herein, we assessed the feasibility of tracking transplanted human adipose-derived stem cells labeled with ferumoxytol in middle cerebral artery occlusion-injured rats by 3.0 T MRI in vivo. 1 × 104 human adipose-derived stem cells labeled with ferumoxytol-heparin-protamine were transplanted into the brains of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurologic impairment was scored at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after transplantation. T2-weighted imaging and enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography were used to observe transplanted cells. Results of imaging tests were compared with results of Prussian blue staining. The modified neurologic impairment scores were significantly lower in rats transplanted with cells at all time points except I day post-transplantation compared with rats without transplantation. Regions with hypointense signals on T2-weighted and enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography images corresponded with areas stained by Prussian blue, suggesting the presence of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles within the engrafted cells. Enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography image exhibited better sensitivity and contrast in tracing ferumoxytol-heparin-protamine-labeled human adipose-derived stem ceils compared with T2-weighted imaging in routine MRI.展开更多
BACKGROUND:The intestinal lymphatic pathway and intestinal ischemia/reperfusion are mainly involved in mesenteric lymph duct ligation or drainage; moreover,intervention by reducing the lymph liquid reflux might relie...BACKGROUND:The intestinal lymphatic pathway and intestinal ischemia/reperfusion are mainly involved in mesenteric lymph duct ligation or drainage; moreover,intervention by reducing the lymph liquid reflux might relieve lung and other organ dysfunction induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion; however,research addressing mesenteric lymph reperfusion (MLR) and brain injury has not yet to be reported.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of MLR on brain tissue in a rat model of superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock,and to explore the molecular mechanism of MLR.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled,animal experiment at a neuro-pathophysiology level was performed at the Institute of Microcirculation,Hebei North University; Department of Pathophysiology,Basic Medical College; Department of Pathology,the First Hospital of Hebei North University between December 2007 and March 2009.MATERIALS:Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) standard was provided by the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products; lactic acid (LA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),malonaldehyde (MDA),nitrogen monoxidum (NO),nitric oxide synthase (NOS),myeloperoxidase (MPO) and ATPase assay kits were provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute,China.METHODS:A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups.In the sham-surgery group (n = 6),both the mesenteric lymph duct and the superior mesenteric artery were not blocked; in the MLR group (n = 6),the mesenteric lymph duct was occluded for 1 hour followed by 2-hour reperfusion; in the SMAO group (n = 6),the superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 1 hour followed by 2-hour reperfusion; in the MLR + SMAO group (n = 6),both the mesenteric lymph duct and superior mesenteric artery were occluded for 1 hour followed by 2-hour reperfusion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Mean arterial blood pressure prior to and following ischemia/reperfusion; brain tissue morphology levels of LA,MDA,SOD,NO,NOS,MPO,ATPase and ATP following reperfusion.RESULTS:MLR did not cause changes in mean arterial blood pressure,brain tissue morphology,LA,MDA,NO,ATP,SOD,NOS,MPO and ATPase.However,SMAO caused a rapid decrease and gradual increase of mean arterial blood pressure.Neuronal necrosis,degeneration and swelling were observed in brain tissue.Contents of MDA,NO,LA and ATP as well as activities of NOS and MPO were significantly increased (P〈 0.05),but activities of SOD and Na+-K+-ATPase were significantly decreased (P 〈 0.05).MLR aggravated neuronal damage in a rat model of SMAO shock.Following MLR,mean arterial blood pressure was significantly decreased (P 〈 0.05),contents of MDA and NO as well as activities of NOS and MPO were significantly increased (P 〈0.05),but activities of Ca2+-ATPase,Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase as well as ATP content were significantly decreased (P〈 0.05).CONCLUSION:MLR aggravates brain injury in a rat model of SMAO shock,which correlates with oxygen-derived free radical injury,NO synthesis and release,sequestration of neutrophilic granulocytes,decreasing activity of cell membrane pumps and energy metabolism dysfunction.Pathogenesis of the intestinal lymphatic pathway should be thoroughly investigated to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury.展开更多
The use of operating microscopes is limited by the focal length.Surgeons using these instruments cannot simultaneously view and access the surgical field and must choose one or the other.The longer focal length (more...The use of operating microscopes is limited by the focal length.Surgeons using these instruments cannot simultaneously view and access the surgical field and must choose one or the other.The longer focal length (more than 1 000 mm) of an operating telescope permits a position away from the operating field,above the surgeon and out of the field of view.This gives the telescope an advantage over an operating microscope.We developed a telescopic system using screen-imaging guidance and a modified portable video macroscope constructed from a Computar MLH-10 × macro lens,a DFK-21AU04 USB CCD Camera and a Dell laptop computer as monitor screen.This system was used to establish a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats.Results showed that magnification of the modified portable video macroscope was appropriate (5-20 ×) even though the Computar MLH-10 × macro lens was placed 800 mm away from the operating field rather than at the specified working distance of 152.4 mm with a zoom of 1-40 ×.The screen-imaging telescopic technique was clear,life-like,stereoscopic and matched the actual operation.Screen-imaging guidance led to an accurate,smooth,minimally invasive and comparatively easy surgical procedure.Success rate of the model establishment evaluated by neurological function using the modified neurological score system was 74.07%.There was no significant difference in model establishment time,sensorimotor deficit and infarct volume percentage.Our findings indicate that the telescopic lens is effective in the screen surgical operation mode referred to as "long distance observation and short distance operation" and that screen-imaging guidance using an modified portable video macroscope can be utilized for the establishment of a middle cerebral artery occlusion model and micro-neurosurgery.展开更多
The selection of electro-acupuncture parameters remains poorly unified between clinical studies. The present study observed the effects of electro-acupuncturing Renzhong (DU 26) with different stimulation parameters...The selection of electro-acupuncture parameters remains poorly unified between clinical studies. The present study observed the effects of electro-acupuncturing Renzhong (DU 26) with different stimulation parameters on motor function recovery following middle artery occlusion injury in rats. Results showed an optimal stimulation parameter for Renzhong electro-acupuncture that was low frequency and mild current (2 Hz, 1 mA) significantly improved cortical excitability and conductive function, and promoted recovery in a rat model of motor function in middle artery occlusion. Frequency had a greater impact than current or interaction, and played a critical role in electro-acupuncture therapy.展开更多
Inhibiting the expression of Nogo-A in cervical spinal cord by use of interaction of antigen and antibody can help the remodeling of corticospinal projection of focal cerebral ischemia model rats to facilitate neurolo...Inhibiting the expression of Nogo-A in cervical spinal cord by use of interaction of antigen and antibody can help the remodeling of corticospinal projection of focal cerebral ischemia model rats to facilitate neurological recovery, which provides a new possible mechanism for drugs to promote neurological recovery. However, the effects of drugs on the expression of Nogo-A in cervical spinal cord are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Fujian tablet on the expression of Nogo-A mRNA in cervical spinal cords of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats, and to investigate the possible regulatory effect of Fujian tablet on the regenerated microenvironment of spinal conduction bundle. DESIGN: A randomized and controlled trial taking Wistar rats as experimental animals. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Shandong Academy of Medical Science between June 2005 and July 2006. A total of 40 healthy male Wistar rats, aged 12 weeks, weighing 250 - 300 g, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Shandong University. Fujian tablets (main components: Heshouwu, Yinyanghuo, etc) were provided by office of Pharmaceutics of Shandong University of traditional Chinese medicine. Nogo-A detection kit was provided by Wuhan Boster Biotechnology Co.,Ltd., and batch number was 040309009. This experiment was approved by Local Animal Ethics Committee. METHODS: Forty male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 10 in each: normal group, sham-operation group, model group and administration group. Rats in the administration group and model group were subjected to MCAO. Rats in the sham-operation group underwent the same craniotomy, and their middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were not occluded. Rats in the normal group were untouched. Rats in administration group were intragastrically administrated with the solution of Fujian tablet at a dose of 9 g/kg and others were given equal dosage of normal saline two days later. The treatments were done once a day and the course totaled 2 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression of Nogo-A mRNA in slices of cervical spinal cords. RESULTS: Forty rats were involved in the final analysis. The expression of Nogo-A mRNA in the cervical spinal cord of rats in the administration group and model group was significantly decreased as compared with that in the normal group (P 〈 0.01 and P 〈 0.05, respectively). The expression of Nogo-A mRNA in the administration group was also significantly weaker than that in the model group (P 〈 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION: Fujian tablet can inhibit the expression of Nogo-A mRNA in cervical spinal cords of MCAO rats, which facilitates regeneration and remodeling of cervical spinal cords.展开更多
Background:Hepatic artery occlusion(HAO)after liver transplantation(LT)is typically comprised of hepatic artery thrombosis(HAT)and stenosis(HAS),both of which are severe complications that coexist and interdependent.T...Background:Hepatic artery occlusion(HAO)after liver transplantation(LT)is typically comprised of hepatic artery thrombosis(HAT)and stenosis(HAS),both of which are severe complications that coexist and interdependent.This study aimed to evaluate an integrated endovascular treatment(EVT)strategy for the resolution of early HAO and identify the risk factors associated with early HAO as well as the procedural challenge encountered in the treatment strategy.Methods:Consecutive orthotopic LT recipients(n=366)who underwent transplantation between June 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively investigated.EVT was performed using an integrated strategy that involved thrombolytic therapy,shunt artery embolization plus vasodilator therapy,percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,and/or stent placement.Simple EVT was defined as the clinical resolution of HAO by one round of EVT with thrombolytic therapy and/or shunt artery embolization plus vasodilator therapy.Otherwise,it was defined as complex EVT.Results:Twenty-six patients(median age 52 years)underwent EVT for early HAO that occurred within 30 days post-LT.The median interval from LT to EVT was 7(6–16)days.Revascularization time(OR=1.027;95%CI:1.005–1.050;P=0.018)and the need for conduit(OR=3.558;95%CI:1.241–10.203,P=0.018)were independent predictors for early HAO.HAT was diagnosed in eight patients,and four out of those presented with concomitant HAS.We achieved 100%technical success and recanalization by performing simple EVT in 19 patients(3 HAT+/HAS-and 16 HAT-/HAS+)and by performing complex EVT in seven patients(1 HAT+/HAS-,4 HAT+/HAS+,and 2 HAT-/HAS+),without major complications.The primary assisted patency rates at 1,6,and 12 months were all 100%.The cumulative overall survival rates at 1,6,and 12 months were 88.5%,88.5%,and 80.8%,respectively.Autologous transfusion<600 mL(94.74%vs.42.86%,P=0.010)and interrupted suture for hepatic artery anastomosis(78.95%vs.14.29%,P=0.005)were more prevalent in simple EVT.Conclusions:The integrated EVT strategy was a feasible approach providing effective resolution with excellent safety for early HAO after LT.Appropriate autologous transfusion and interrupted suture technique helped simplify EVT.展开更多
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic examination of blood flow and edema in the remnant bowel.METHODS:We retrospectively studied 15 patients who underwent massive bowel resection with enterostomy for superior mesenteric arterial occlusion (SMAO); the patients were divided into a delayed closure group (D group) and an early closure group (E group).RESULTS:The mean duration from initial operation to enterostomy closure was significantly shorter in the E group (18.3 ± 2.1 d) than in the D group (34.3 ± 5.9 d) (P < 0.0001). The duration of hospitalization after surgery was significantly shorter in the E group (33 ± 2.2 d) than in the D group (51 ± 8.9 d) (P < 0.0002).CONCLUSION:Endoscopic examination of blood flow and edema in the remnant bowel is useful to assess the feasibility of early closure of enterostomy in SMAO cases.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82201200).
文摘AIM:To investigate the difference in risk factors between non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy(NAION)and central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO)and develop a predictive diagnostic nomogram.METHODS:The study included 37 patients with monocular NAION,20 with monocular CRAO,and 24 with hypertension.Gender,age,and systemic diseases were recorded.Blood routine,lipids,hemorheology,carotid and brachial artery doppler ultrasound,and echocardiography were collected.The optic disc area,cup area,and cup-to-disc ratio(C/D)of the unaffected eye in the NAION and CRAO group and the right eye in the hypertension group were measured.RESULTS:The carotid artery intimal medial thickness(C-IMT)of the affected side of the CRAO group was thicker(P=0.039)and its flow-mediated dilation(FMD)was lower(P=0.049)than the NAION group.Compared with hypertension patients,NAION patients had higher whole blood reduced viscosity low-shear(WBRV-L)and erythrocyte aggregation index(EAI;P=0.045,0.037),and CRAO patients had higher index of rigidity of erythrocyte(IR)and erythrocyte deformation index(EDI;P=0.004,0.001).The optic cup and the C/D of the NAION group were smaller than the other two groups(P<0.0001).The diagnostic prediction model showed high diagnostic specificity(83.7%)and sensitivity(85.6%),which was highly related to hypertension,the C-IMT of the affected side,FMD,platelet(PLT),EAI,and C/D.CONCLUSION:CRAO patients show thicker C-IMT and worse endothelial function than NAION.NAION and CRAO may be related to abnormal hemorheology.A small cup and small C/D may be involved in NAION.The diagnostic nomogram can be used to preliminarily identify NAION and CRAO.
基金Supported by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-016A).
文摘AIM:To observe the retinal and choroidal circulations in patients with non-arteritic permanent central retinal artery occlusion(NA-CRAO)via optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)and analyze their correlation with visual acuity.METHODS:Sixty-two eyes with clinically confirmed acute NA-CRAO were included in the study and divided into:A type(mild n=29),B type(moderate n=27)and C type(severe n=6)based on the degree of visual loss,retinal edema,and arterial blood flow delay in fundus fluorescence angiography(FFA).Contralateral healthy eyes were used as the control group.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),slit lamp microscopy,indirect ophthalmoscopy,fundus color photography,OCTA,and FFA were performed.Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to determine the correlations between retinal and choroidal vessels and visual acuity.RESULTS:There were no statistically significant differences in age,gender,and intraocular pressure among the three types and the control group(P>0.05).Vessel density in deep capillary plexus(VD-DCP)significantly decreased(P<0.05)in all three types of NA-CRAO patients compared to the control group.Vessel density in superficial vascular plexus(VD-SVP)significantly decreased(P<0.05)in type A patients and choriocapillaris flow area significantly decreased(P<0.05)in type B and type C patients compared to the control group;while outer retinal flow areas significantly increased in the type A(P<0.05)and decreased in type C patients(P<0.05).The retinal thickness significantly increased in type C group(P<0.05).The VD-SVP at fovea in the type A was significantly lower than both of type B and C.The VD-SVP at nasal parafovea in type A and B was significantly lower than type C(P<0.05).The logMAR BCVA of type A was significantly better than that of type B and C groups(P<0.05).Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the logMAR BCVA was positively correlated with VD-SVP at fovea(r=0.679,P=0.031)and nasal parafovea(r=0.826,P=0.013).CONCLUSION:OCTA is valuable for assessing retinal ischemia,and evaluating visual impairment.Deep retinal vasculature is commonly affected in all NA-CRAO types.VDSVPs at fovea and nasal parafovea can serve as reliable markers of visual impairment in NA-CRAO.
文摘BACKGROUND Traumatic internal carotid artery(ICA)occlusion is a rare complication of skull base fractures,characterized by high mortality and disability rates,and poor prognosis.Therefore,timely discovery and correct management are crucial for saving the lives of such patients and improving their prognosis.This article retrospectively analyzed the imaging and clinical data of three patients,to explore the imaging characteristics and treatment strategies for carotid artery occlusion,combined with severe skull base fractures.CASE SUMMARY This case included three patients,all male,aged 21,63,and 16 years.They underwent plain film skull computed tomography(CT)examination at the onset of their illnesses,which revealed fractures at the bases of their skulls.Ultimately,these cases were definitively diagnosed through CT angiography(CTA)examinations.The first patient did not receive surgical treatment,only anticoagulation therapy,and recovered smoothly with no residual limb dysfunction(Case 1).The other two patients both developed intracranial hypertension and underwent decompressive craniectomy.One of these patients had high intracranial pressure and significant brain swelling postoperatively,leading the family to choose to take him home(Case 2).The other patient also underwent decompressive craniectomy and recovered well postoperatively with only mild limb motor dysfunction(Case 3).We retrieved literature from PubMed on skull base fractures causing ICA occlusion to determine the imaging characteristics and treatment strategies for this type of disease.CONCLUSION For patients with cranial trauma combined with skull base fractures,it is essential to complete a CTA examination as soon as possible,to screen for blunt cerebrovascular injury.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82172563The Research Program Foundation of Shenzhen,No.JCYJ20210324131809027.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic artery occlusion(HAO)after liver transplantation(LT)is a devastating complication,resulting in early graft loss and reduced overall survival.Ultra-sound is an established assessment method for HAO in patients following LT,especially those with complex hepatic artery reconstruction.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the ultrasound characteristics and the clinic risk factors associated with HAO in 400 adult LT patients who were enrolled and treated at the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen between November 2016 and July 2022.Fourteen patients diagnosed with acute HAO(A-HAO)by surgery and fifteen diagnosed with chronic HAO(C-HAO)were included.A control group of 33 patients without HAO complications during the same period were randomly selected using a random number table.All patients underwent an ultrasono-graphy examination.Parameters including resistance index(RI),peak systolic velocity(PSV),and portal vein velocity(PVV)were compared across the groups.Additionally,basic clinical data were collected for all patients,including gender,age,primary diagnosis,D-dimer concentration,total operation time,cold ischemia time,hot ischemia time,intraoperative blood loss and transfusion,intraoperative urine volume,infusion,model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score,and whether complex hepatic artery reconstructions were performed.Furthermore,risk factors influencing HAO formation after LT were analyzed.RESULTS Compared to the non-HAO group,PVV and RI were higher in the A-HAO group,while PSV was lower.Conversely,both PSV and RI were lower in the C-HAO group compared to the non-HAO group.The proportion of patients undergoing complex hepatic artery reconstructions and the gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT)level before occlusion were significantly higher in the A-HAO group compared to the non-HAO group.However,there were no distinct differences between the two groups in D-dimer,MELD score,pre-occlusion alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels,or intraoperative conditions.CONCLUSION Ultrasound features of the hepatic artery before occlusion are significantly associated with postoperative HAO development.Additionally,complex hepatic artery reconstructions,defined as revascularization of the graft requiring additional anastomosis between donor hepatic arteries,constitute a risk factor for A-HAO.Besides,abnormal pre-occlusion GGT elevation is an important biochemical indicator.Therefore,ultrasound examination serves as an important tool for screening HAO,especially in patients with the identified risk factors.
基金Supported by The Fong Shu Fook Tong and Fong Yun Wah Foundations,No.14X30127.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with giant intracranial aneurysms(GIAs)are at a high risk of rupture,morbidity,and mortality even after surgical or endovascular treatment.We described a case of a spontaneously occluded GIA secondary to gradual growth of the GIA,continuously progressed aneurysmal thrombosis,complete aneurysmal calcification and complete occlusion of the parent artery-the right internal carotid artery(RICA).CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old female patient complained of sudden pain in her right eye upon admission to our hospital.She had been diagnosed with a GIA[30 mm(axial)×38 mm(coronal)×28 mm(sagittal)]containing an aneurysmal thrombus located in the cavernous sinus segment of RICA diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),enhanced MRI,and magnetic resonance angiography more than 14 years ago.Later,with slow growth of the cavernous carotid GIA,aneurysmal thrombosis progressed continuously,spontaneous occlusion of the RICA,complete aneurysmal calcification,and occlusion of the GIA occurred gradually.She had no history of subarachnoid hemorrhage but missed the chance for endovascular therapy at an early stage.As a result,she was left with severe permanent sequelae from the injuries to the right cranial nerves Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,V1/V2,and Ⅴ.CONCLUSION The risk of rupture of the cavernous carotid GIAs was relatively low and possibly further be reduced by the stasis flow and spontaneous occlusion of the parent artery internal carotid artery(ICA)induced by the mass effect of the cavernous carotid GIAs and the extremely rare aneurysmal calcification.However,nowadays,it is advisable to recommend early endovascular treatment for the cavernous carotid GIAs to prevent injuries to the surrounding intracranial nerves and occlusion of the ICA,mainly caused by the mass effect of the cavernous carotid GIAs.
文摘To assess the relationship between cochlear blood flow (CBF) and auditory function, a procedure of intravital microscopy for observations of the lateral wall vessels of the cochlea coupled with the simultaneous measurement of the endocochlear potential (EP) was established in guinea pigs with gradual ischemia of the cochlea. It was found that occlusions of both common carotid arteries and one of the vertebral arteries produced a minor reduction in CBF with no significant alteration in the EP. When intravenous infusion of ATP induced sharp and severe decreases in CBF, the EP varied only slightly from the baseline in some animals while there were no alteration in others. Furthermore, ATP infusions combined with arterial occlusions caused even more severe declines in CBF and a moderate decrease in the EP. The results indicate that not only does the CBF satisfy the basic needs of the processes of cochlear function, but also has a regulatory mechanism to ensure the normal function of the cochlea in the ischemia condition. It was also found that the changes in the stria vascularis vessels induced by decreases in blood pressure (BP) and heart rates were more severe than those of the spiral ligament vessels. This phenomenon indicated that the stria vascularis vessels were more sensitive to decreases of BP and heart rates.
基金Supported by Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province,China,No.2020ZH003。
文摘BACKGROUND Cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP)is rare but may result in uterine rupture during pregnancy or massive hemorrhage during abortion procedures.Awareness of this condition is increasing,and most patients with CSP are now diagnosed early and can be managed safely.However,some atypical patients are misdiagnosed,and their surgical risks are underestimated,increasing the risk of fatal hemorrhage.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old Asian woman visited our institution because of abnormal pregnancy,and she was diagnosed with a hydatidiform mole through transvaginal ultrasound(TVS).Under hysteroscopy,a large amount of placental tissue was found in the scar of the lower uterine segment,and a sudden massive hemorrhage occurred during the removal process.The bilateral internal iliac arteries were temporarily blocked under laparoscopy,and scar resection and repair were rapidly performed.She was discharged in good condition 5 d after the operation.CONCLUSION Although TVS is widely used in the diagnosis of CSP,delays in the diagnosis of atypical CSP remain.Surgical treatment following internal iliac artery temporary occlusion may be an appropriate management method for unanticipated massive hemorrhage during CSP surgery.
文摘BACKGROUND Endovascular recanalization of non-acute intracranial artery occlusion is technically difficult,particularly when the microwire enters the subintima.Although the subintimal tracking and re-entry technique has been well established in the endovascular treatment of coronary artery occlusion,there is limited experience with its use in intracranial occlusion due to anatomical variations and a lack of dedicated devices.CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old man was admitted to the hospital two days after experiencing acute weakness in both lower extremities,poor speech,and dizziness.After admission,imaging revealed acute ischemic stroke and non-acute occlusion of bilateral intracranial vertebral arteries(ICVAs).On the fourth day of admission,the patient's condition deteriorated and an emergency endovascular recanalization of the left ICVA was performed.During this procedure,a microwire was advanced in the subintima of the vessel wall and successfully reentered the distal true lumen.Two stents were implanted in the subintima.The patient's Modified Rankin Scale was 1 at three months postoperatively.CONCLUSION We present a technical case of subintimal recanalization for non-acute ICVA occlusion in an emergency endovascular procedure.However,we emphasize the necessity for caution when applying the subintimal tracking approach in intracranial occlusion due to the significant dangers involved.
文摘AIM:To determine the frequency of patients’vision survival and prognostic factors and evaluate clinical features in rhino-orbital mucormycosis.METHODS:Forty-three eyes of 43 patients followed up with orbital mucormycosis infections were included in the study.Demographic characteristics of the patients,symptoms at admission,ophthalmologic and non-ophthalmologic examination findings,clinical findings during follow-up,medical and surgical procedures,and complications were recorded.Patient survival was determined by assessing the incidence of mortality,and vision survival was defined as achieving a final visual acuity of at least light perception.RESULTS:Twenty-seven(62.8%)patients were male,and 16(37.2%)were female.When the underlying disease status of the patients was examined,it was observed that all patients had an underlying disease and diabetes constituted the majority(65.2%).Periorbital swelling(69.8%)and ophthalmoplegia(53.5%)were the most common symptoms and findings at the admission of patients with mucormycosis infection.The disease resulted in death in 22(51.2%)patients.The presence of fever and shorter duration of antifungal therapy were associated with lower patient survival.Exenteration surgery was not found to be associated with the survival of the patients.Frozen eye,loss of pupillary light reflex,and development of central retinal artery occlusion were associated with lower vision survival.CONCLUSION:This study presents one of the most extensive patient series in the literature on rhino-orbital mucormycosis.Knowing the patients’symptoms at the time of admission and the clinical findings during the infection process will increase awareness about the disease.
基金supported by STI2030-Major Projects,No.2022ZD0207600(to LZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32070955(to LZ),U22A20301(to KFS)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2021A1515012197(to HO)Guangzhou Core Medical Disciplines Project,No.2021-2023(to HO)Key Research and Development Plan of Ningxia Hui Automomous Region,No.2022BEG01004(to KFS)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China,No.202007030012(to KFS and LZ)。
文摘Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug therapy.Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after stroke.In this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral ischemia.We also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these effects.Adult mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery occlusion.We found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory function.Further analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of exercise.Agonist activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise effects.In summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81672261(to XH),81972151(to HZ),82372568(to JL)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,Nos.2019A1515011106(to HZ),2023A1515030080(to JL)。
文摘Prolife ration of neural stem cells is crucial for promoting neuronal regeneration and repairing cerebral infarction damage.Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)has recently emerged as a tool for inducing endogenous neural stem cell regeneration,but its underlying mechanisms remain unclea r In this study,we found that repetitive TMS effectively promotes the proliferation of oxygen-glucose deprived neural stem cells.Additionally,repetitive TMS reduced the volume of cerebral infa rction in a rat model of ischemic stro ke caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion,im p roved rat cognitive function,and promoted the proliferation of neural stem cells in the ischemic penumbra.RNA-sequencing found that repetitive TMS activated the Wnt signaling pathway in the ischemic penumbra of rats with cerebral ischemia.Furthermore,PCR analysis revealed that repetitive TMS promoted AKT phosphorylation,leading to an increase in mRNA levels of cell cycle-related proteins such as Cdk2 and Cdk4.This effect was also associated with activation of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin signaling pathway,which ultimately promotes the prolife ration of neural stem cells.Subsequently,we validated the effect of repetitive TMS on AKT phosphorylation.We found that repetitive TMS promoted Ca2+influx into neural stem cells by activating the P2 calcium channel/calmodulin pathway,thereby promoting AKT phosphorylation and activating the glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin pathway.These findings indicate that repetitive TMS can promote the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells through a Ca2+influx-dependent phosphorylated AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.This study has produced pioneering res ults on the intrinsic mechanism of repetitive TMS to promote neural function recove ry after ischemic stro ke.These results provide a stro ng scientific foundation for the clinical application of repetitive TMS.Moreover,repetitive TMS treatment may not only be an efficient and potential approach to support neurogenesis for further therapeutic applications,but also provide an effective platform for the expansion of neural stem cells.
基金supported by a grant from the National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program),No.2010CB530506
文摘Acupuncture is regarded as an effective therapy for cerebral ischemia. Different acupuncture ma- nipulations and durations may result in different therapeutic effects. In the present study, the Neig uan (PC6) acupoint of rats with occluded middle cerebral arteries was needled at a fixed frequency (3 Hz) with different durations, i.e., 5, 60 and 180 seconds under a twisting-rotating acupuncture method. Results showed that different durations of acupuncture had different therapeutic effects, with 60 seconds yielding a better therapeutic effect than the other two groups. This duration of treatment demonstrated rapid cerebral blood flow, encouraging recovery of neurological function, and small cerebral infarct volume. Experimental findings indicated that under 3 Hz frequency, the treatment of needling Neiguan for 60 seconds is effective for ischemic stroke.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81371521
文摘Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) vascular hyperintensity (FVH) is used to assess leptomeningeal collateral circulation, but clinical outcomes of patients with FVH can be very different. The aim of the present study was to assess a FVH score and explore its relationship with clinical outcomes. Patients with acute ischemic stroke due to middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion underwent magnetic resonance imaging and were followed up at 10 days (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) and 90 days (modified Rankin Scale) to determine short-term clinical outcomes. Effective collateral circulation indirectly improved recovery of neurological function and short-term clinical outcome by extending the size of the pial penumbra and reducing infarct lesions. FVH score showed no correlation with 90-day functional clinical outcome and was not sufficient as an independent predictor of short-term clinical outcome.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Dalian City in China,No.2014E14SF186
文摘Ferumoxytol, an iron replacement product, is a new type of superparamagnetic iron oxide ap- proved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Herein, we assessed the feasibility of tracking transplanted human adipose-derived stem cells labeled with ferumoxytol in middle cerebral artery occlusion-injured rats by 3.0 T MRI in vivo. 1 × 104 human adipose-derived stem cells labeled with ferumoxytol-heparin-protamine were transplanted into the brains of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurologic impairment was scored at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after transplantation. T2-weighted imaging and enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography were used to observe transplanted cells. Results of imaging tests were compared with results of Prussian blue staining. The modified neurologic impairment scores were significantly lower in rats transplanted with cells at all time points except I day post-transplantation compared with rats without transplantation. Regions with hypointense signals on T2-weighted and enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography images corresponded with areas stained by Prussian blue, suggesting the presence of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles within the engrafted cells. Enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography image exhibited better sensitivity and contrast in tracing ferumoxytol-heparin-protamine-labeled human adipose-derived stem ceils compared with T2-weighted imaging in routine MRI.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30370561,30770845the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No. C2004000649,C2008000503+1 种基金the Science & Technology Pillar Program of Hebei Province,No. 09276101D-31Science and Technology Program of Zhangjiakou,No. 0711046D-3
文摘BACKGROUND:The intestinal lymphatic pathway and intestinal ischemia/reperfusion are mainly involved in mesenteric lymph duct ligation or drainage; moreover,intervention by reducing the lymph liquid reflux might relieve lung and other organ dysfunction induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion; however,research addressing mesenteric lymph reperfusion (MLR) and brain injury has not yet to be reported.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of MLR on brain tissue in a rat model of superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock,and to explore the molecular mechanism of MLR.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled,animal experiment at a neuro-pathophysiology level was performed at the Institute of Microcirculation,Hebei North University; Department of Pathophysiology,Basic Medical College; Department of Pathology,the First Hospital of Hebei North University between December 2007 and March 2009.MATERIALS:Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) standard was provided by the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products; lactic acid (LA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),malonaldehyde (MDA),nitrogen monoxidum (NO),nitric oxide synthase (NOS),myeloperoxidase (MPO) and ATPase assay kits were provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute,China.METHODS:A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups.In the sham-surgery group (n = 6),both the mesenteric lymph duct and the superior mesenteric artery were not blocked; in the MLR group (n = 6),the mesenteric lymph duct was occluded for 1 hour followed by 2-hour reperfusion; in the SMAO group (n = 6),the superior mesenteric artery was occluded for 1 hour followed by 2-hour reperfusion; in the MLR + SMAO group (n = 6),both the mesenteric lymph duct and superior mesenteric artery were occluded for 1 hour followed by 2-hour reperfusion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Mean arterial blood pressure prior to and following ischemia/reperfusion; brain tissue morphology levels of LA,MDA,SOD,NO,NOS,MPO,ATPase and ATP following reperfusion.RESULTS:MLR did not cause changes in mean arterial blood pressure,brain tissue morphology,LA,MDA,NO,ATP,SOD,NOS,MPO and ATPase.However,SMAO caused a rapid decrease and gradual increase of mean arterial blood pressure.Neuronal necrosis,degeneration and swelling were observed in brain tissue.Contents of MDA,NO,LA and ATP as well as activities of NOS and MPO were significantly increased (P〈 0.05),but activities of SOD and Na+-K+-ATPase were significantly decreased (P 〈 0.05).MLR aggravated neuronal damage in a rat model of SMAO shock.Following MLR,mean arterial blood pressure was significantly decreased (P 〈 0.05),contents of MDA and NO as well as activities of NOS and MPO were significantly increased (P 〈0.05),but activities of Ca2+-ATPase,Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase as well as ATP content were significantly decreased (P〈 0.05).CONCLUSION:MLR aggravates brain injury in a rat model of SMAO shock,which correlates with oxygen-derived free radical injury,NO synthesis and release,sequestration of neutrophilic granulocytes,decreasing activity of cell membrane pumps and energy metabolism dysfunction.Pathogenesis of the intestinal lymphatic pathway should be thoroughly investigated to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury.
文摘The use of operating microscopes is limited by the focal length.Surgeons using these instruments cannot simultaneously view and access the surgical field and must choose one or the other.The longer focal length (more than 1 000 mm) of an operating telescope permits a position away from the operating field,above the surgeon and out of the field of view.This gives the telescope an advantage over an operating microscope.We developed a telescopic system using screen-imaging guidance and a modified portable video macroscope constructed from a Computar MLH-10 × macro lens,a DFK-21AU04 USB CCD Camera and a Dell laptop computer as monitor screen.This system was used to establish a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats.Results showed that magnification of the modified portable video macroscope was appropriate (5-20 ×) even though the Computar MLH-10 × macro lens was placed 800 mm away from the operating field rather than at the specified working distance of 152.4 mm with a zoom of 1-40 ×.The screen-imaging telescopic technique was clear,life-like,stereoscopic and matched the actual operation.Screen-imaging guidance led to an accurate,smooth,minimally invasive and comparatively easy surgical procedure.Success rate of the model establishment evaluated by neurological function using the modified neurological score system was 74.07%.There was no significant difference in model establishment time,sensorimotor deficit and infarct volume percentage.Our findings indicate that the telescopic lens is effective in the screen surgical operation mode referred to as "long distance observation and short distance operation" and that screen-imaging guidance using an modified portable video macroscope can be utilized for the establishment of a middle cerebral artery occlusion model and micro-neurosurgery.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30873304
文摘The selection of electro-acupuncture parameters remains poorly unified between clinical studies. The present study observed the effects of electro-acupuncturing Renzhong (DU 26) with different stimulation parameters on motor function recovery following middle artery occlusion injury in rats. Results showed an optimal stimulation parameter for Renzhong electro-acupuncture that was low frequency and mild current (2 Hz, 1 mA) significantly improved cortical excitability and conductive function, and promoted recovery in a rat model of motor function in middle artery occlusion. Frequency had a greater impact than current or interaction, and played a critical role in electro-acupuncture therapy.
基金Doctoral Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China, No.20040441018
文摘Inhibiting the expression of Nogo-A in cervical spinal cord by use of interaction of antigen and antibody can help the remodeling of corticospinal projection of focal cerebral ischemia model rats to facilitate neurological recovery, which provides a new possible mechanism for drugs to promote neurological recovery. However, the effects of drugs on the expression of Nogo-A in cervical spinal cord are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Fujian tablet on the expression of Nogo-A mRNA in cervical spinal cords of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats, and to investigate the possible regulatory effect of Fujian tablet on the regenerated microenvironment of spinal conduction bundle. DESIGN: A randomized and controlled trial taking Wistar rats as experimental animals. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Shandong Academy of Medical Science between June 2005 and July 2006. A total of 40 healthy male Wistar rats, aged 12 weeks, weighing 250 - 300 g, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Shandong University. Fujian tablets (main components: Heshouwu, Yinyanghuo, etc) were provided by office of Pharmaceutics of Shandong University of traditional Chinese medicine. Nogo-A detection kit was provided by Wuhan Boster Biotechnology Co.,Ltd., and batch number was 040309009. This experiment was approved by Local Animal Ethics Committee. METHODS: Forty male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 10 in each: normal group, sham-operation group, model group and administration group. Rats in the administration group and model group were subjected to MCAO. Rats in the sham-operation group underwent the same craniotomy, and their middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were not occluded. Rats in the normal group were untouched. Rats in administration group were intragastrically administrated with the solution of Fujian tablet at a dose of 9 g/kg and others were given equal dosage of normal saline two days later. The treatments were done once a day and the course totaled 2 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression of Nogo-A mRNA in slices of cervical spinal cords. RESULTS: Forty rats were involved in the final analysis. The expression of Nogo-A mRNA in the cervical spinal cord of rats in the administration group and model group was significantly decreased as compared with that in the normal group (P 〈 0.01 and P 〈 0.05, respectively). The expression of Nogo-A mRNA in the administration group was also significantly weaker than that in the model group (P 〈 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION: Fujian tablet can inhibit the expression of Nogo-A mRNA in cervical spinal cords of MCAO rats, which facilitates regeneration and remodeling of cervical spinal cords.
基金the National Major Science and Technology Projects of China(2017ZX10203201 and 2018ZX10301201)Project of Medical and Health Technology Program in Zhejiang Province(2016KYA073).
文摘Background:Hepatic artery occlusion(HAO)after liver transplantation(LT)is typically comprised of hepatic artery thrombosis(HAT)and stenosis(HAS),both of which are severe complications that coexist and interdependent.This study aimed to evaluate an integrated endovascular treatment(EVT)strategy for the resolution of early HAO and identify the risk factors associated with early HAO as well as the procedural challenge encountered in the treatment strategy.Methods:Consecutive orthotopic LT recipients(n=366)who underwent transplantation between June 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively investigated.EVT was performed using an integrated strategy that involved thrombolytic therapy,shunt artery embolization plus vasodilator therapy,percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,and/or stent placement.Simple EVT was defined as the clinical resolution of HAO by one round of EVT with thrombolytic therapy and/or shunt artery embolization plus vasodilator therapy.Otherwise,it was defined as complex EVT.Results:Twenty-six patients(median age 52 years)underwent EVT for early HAO that occurred within 30 days post-LT.The median interval from LT to EVT was 7(6–16)days.Revascularization time(OR=1.027;95%CI:1.005–1.050;P=0.018)and the need for conduit(OR=3.558;95%CI:1.241–10.203,P=0.018)were independent predictors for early HAO.HAT was diagnosed in eight patients,and four out of those presented with concomitant HAS.We achieved 100%technical success and recanalization by performing simple EVT in 19 patients(3 HAT+/HAS-and 16 HAT-/HAS+)and by performing complex EVT in seven patients(1 HAT+/HAS-,4 HAT+/HAS+,and 2 HAT-/HAS+),without major complications.The primary assisted patency rates at 1,6,and 12 months were all 100%.The cumulative overall survival rates at 1,6,and 12 months were 88.5%,88.5%,and 80.8%,respectively.Autologous transfusion<600 mL(94.74%vs.42.86%,P=0.010)and interrupted suture for hepatic artery anastomosis(78.95%vs.14.29%,P=0.005)were more prevalent in simple EVT.Conclusions:The integrated EVT strategy was a feasible approach providing effective resolution with excellent safety for early HAO after LT.Appropriate autologous transfusion and interrupted suture technique helped simplify EVT.