Long chikungunya?An overview to immunopathology of persistent arthralgia

Chikungunya fever(CF)is caused by an arbovirus whose manifestations are extremely diverse,and it has evolved with significant severity in recent years.The clinical signs triggered by the Chikungunya virus are similar to those of other arboviruses.Generally,fever starts abruptly and reaches high levels,followed by severe polyarthralgia and myalgia,as well as an erythematous or petechial maculopapular rash,varying in severity and extent.Around 40%to 60%of affected individuals report persistent arthralgia,which can last from months to years.The symptoms of CF mainly represent the tissue tropism of the virus rather than the immunopathogenesis triggered by the host's immune system.The main mechanisms associated with arthralgia have been linked to an increase in T helper type 17 cells and a consequent increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Βligand and bone resorption.This review suggests that persistent arthralgia results from the presence of viral antigens post-infection and the constant activation of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 7 in synovial macrophages,leading to local infiltration of CD4+T cells,which sustains the inflammatory process in the joints through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.The term"long chikungunya"was used in this review to refer to persistent arthralgia since,due to its manifestation over long periods after the end of the viral infection,this clinical condition seems to be characterized more as a sequel than as a symptom,given that there is no active infection involved.

Myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with headache and kidney involvement at presentation and with arthralgia at relapse:A case report

BACKGROUND Patients with proteinase 3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis(AAV)experience different manifestations at the initial onset and relapse.However,such cases of different initial and relapse manifestations have not been reported in myeloperoxidase(MPO)-AAV patients.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of headache.Laboratory findings indicated nephrotic range proteinuria and microscopic hematuria,serum creatinine of 243μmol/L,anti-MPO antibody titer of>400 RU/mL,and positive perinuclearantineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody.Renal biopsy showed pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis.The cerebrospinal fluid examination and brain magnetic resonance imaging did not show any abnormality.Therefore,MPO-AAV was diagnosed.Corticosteroids,plasmapheresis,and cyclophosphamide as induction therapy and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)as maintenance therapy were administered.The patient’s headache disappeared;serum creatinine returned to normal;complete remission of microscopic hematuria and proteinuria was observed.Anti-MPO antibody titer reached normal limits after immunosuppressive treatment.Twenty-five months after stopping the immunosuppressive treatment,the patient relapsed with arthralgia,without neurological or renal involvement.The patient’s arthralgia improved after treatment with prednisone and MMF.CONCLUSION We have reported a rare case of MPO-AAV who initially presented with headache and kidney involvement.However,relapse presented with only arthralgia,which was completely different from the initial manifestations.This case suggests that AAV relapse should be highly suspected in MPO-AAV patients after remission,when clinical manifestations at relapse are different from those at onset.Prednisone and MMF may provide a good choice for refractory arthralgia during relapse in MPO-AAV patients.

ANALYSIS ON THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF 233 CASES OF ARTHRALGIA-SYNDROME TREATED WITH ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION

233 cases of arthralgia-syndrome were randomly divided into five treatment groupswith double blind method:1)acupuncture pills cupping;2)acupoint medicinal injection;3)acupointmedicinal injection plus laser radiation;4)acupoint medicinal injection plus field effect,and 5)electroacupuncture(EA)plus cupping for observation of the therapeutic effect.The total effective ratewas 89.2％.No significant differences were found among the five groups in the total effective rate.But,the markedly effective rate was highest in the acupoint medicinal injection plus field effect group.And the therapeutic effect in patients with pain arthralgia and migratory arthralgia and shorter courseof disease was best.

Traditional Chinese medicine Master XIONG Jibo’s medication experience in treating arthralgia syndrome through data mining

Objective This study aimed to examine and propagate the medication experience and group formula of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Master XIONG Jibo in diagnosing and treat-ing arthralgia syndrome(AS)through data mining.Methods Data of outpatient cases of Professor XIONG Jibo were collected from January 1,2014 to December 31,2018,along with cases recorded in A Real Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctor:XIONG Jibo's Clinical Medical Record 1,which was published in December 2019.The five variables collected from the patients’data were TCM diagnostic information,TCM and western medicine diagnoses,syndrome,treatment,and prescription.A database was established for the collected data with Excel.Using the Python environment,a custom-ized modified natural language processing(NLP)model for the diagnosis and treatment of AS by Professor XIONG Jibo was established to preprocess the data and to analyze the word cloud.Frequency analysis,association rule analysis,cluster analysis,and visual analysis of AS cases were performed based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing Platform(V3.0)and RStudio(V4.0.3).Results A total of 610 medical records of Professor XIONG Jibo were collected from the case database.A total of 103 medical records were included after data screening criteria,which comprised 187 times(45 kinds)of prescriptions and 1506 times(125 kinds)of Chinese herbs.The main related meridians were the liver,spleen,and kidney meridians.The properties of Chinese herbs used most were mainly warm,flat,and cold,while the flavors of herbs were mainly bitter,pungent,and sweet.The main patterns of AS included the damp heat,phlegm stasis,and neck arthralgia.The most commonly used herbs for AS were Chuanniuxi(Cyathu-lae Radix),Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex),Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma),Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),and Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma).The most common effect of the herbs was“promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis”,followed by“supple-menting deficiency(Qi supplementing,blood supplementing,and Yang supplementing)”,and“dispelling wind and dampness”.The data were analyzed with the support≥15%and con-fidence=100%,and after de-duplication,five second-order association rules,39 third-order association rules,39 fourth-order association rules,and two fifth-order association rules were identified.The top-ranking association rules of each were“Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma)→Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex)”“Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma)+Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)→Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex)”“Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)+Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)+Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)→Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)”and“Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)+Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)+Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)+Huangbo(Phello-dendri Chinensis Cortex)→Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)”,respectively.Five clusters were obtained using cluster analysis of the top 30 herbs.The herbs were mainly dry-ing dampness,supplementing Qi,and promoting blood circulation.The main prescriptions of AS were Ermiao San(二妙散),Gegen Jianghuang San(葛根姜黄散),and Huangqi Chongteng Yin(黄芪虫藤饮).The herbs of core prescription included Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma),Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex),Mugua(Chaenomelis Fructus),Qinjiao(Gentianae Macro-phyllae Radix),Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix),and Yiyiren(Coicis Semen).Conclusion Clearing heat and dampness,relieving collaterals and pain,and invigorating Qi and blood are the most commonly used therapies for the treatment of AS by Professor XIONG Jibo.Additionally,customized NLP model could improve the efficiency of data mining in TCM.

Effective Observation of 518 Cases with Arthralgia－Syndrome treated by High Voltage－Low Frequency Electrotherapy on Acupoints

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ARTHRALGIA TREATED BY ACUPUNCTURE WITHIN "CHIFU" AREA

Chifu refers to the skin covering the areafrom the wrist joint to the elbow joint, about 1chi (1/3 meter) in length in adults.Acupuncture with filiform needle at certainpoints within Chifu area exhibits quitesatisfactory therapeutic results for treatment ofsprain and contusion of the four extremities.The following are some examples.

Treatment of Arthralgia Syndrome from Eliminating Pathogen and Strengthening Vital Qi

More than 40 medical history works and classical medical literatures about the theory and prescription of arthralgia syndrome treated from eliminating pathogen and strengthening vital qi were sorted out,summarized and analyzed,and the theory of treating arthralgia syndrome from eliminating pathogenic factors including dampness,heat,cold,phlegm and blood stasis,and strengthening vital qi basically reflected the academic thought of treating Bi syndrome from eliminating pathogen and strengthening vital qi in traditional Chinese medicine books.

中医痹病临床教学应用案例PBL教学法的评价

目的客观评价基于临床案例的问题式学习(Problem-based learning,PBL)教学法在中医痹病临床教学中的应用效果。方法选取2021年10月—2022年3月在安徽中医药大学第一附属医院风湿病科实习的安徽中医药大学2018级本科生60名,随机分为应用PBL教学法的研究组和应用传统教学法的对照组,每组30人。比较两组学生出科时的学习效果、教学满意度和评判性思维能力。结果研究组实习生专业理论考核、临床思维能力、临床技能操作3个方面的学习效果明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组实习生教学满意度明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组实习生评判性思维能力总体优于对照组,特别是“寻求真相”“开放思想”“分析能力”“自信心”“求知欲”这5个方面的得分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在中医痹病临床教学中采用PBL教学法可有效提高学生的学习效果,帮助学生发挥主观能动性,提高团队协作能力,形成评判性思维能力,全面提高临床综合能力,可推广应用。

类风湿关节炎中医证候客观化研究

目的探究类风湿关节炎(RA)相关指标与中医证型之间的关系。方法选取RA患者300例,根据中医辨证分型的不同将其分为湿热痹阻证、寒湿痹阻证、肾气虚寒证、肝肾阴虚证和瘀血痹阻证5个证型,每个证型60例。分析各个证型患者的临床表现、免疫学指标、检验学指标与各个证型之间的联系。结果中医证候在关节肿胀、关节疼痛、关节畸形3种临床表现方面,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各证型RA患者的类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸多肽(CCP)抗体、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血小板计数(PLT)、D-二聚体(DD)等指标之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论类风湿关节炎严重程度与各指标无明显相关性;各指标与中医证候无明显相关性。中医治疗各个证型的RA患者主要原则是活血化瘀,并贯穿于整个治疗过程。

基于脾火论辨治原发性干燥综合征

基于脾火论辨治原发性干燥综合征(pSS)。论述了脾火论的理论内涵,并区分脾火与阴火及其他脏腑之火的差异。阐释了脾火论与pSS的相关性,认为脾气亏虚,运化无权,脾不升清,郁而化火是pSS病机关键;久而病及他脏,导致络脉瘀滞是pSS的病机转化特点。以健脾益气,除火润燥,生津通络为pSS的治疗大法,为pSS的中医辨治提供思路与方法。

热敏灸联合Maitland松动术治疗卒中后偏瘫肩痛临床观察

目的 探讨热敏灸联合Maitland松动术治疗卒中后偏瘫肩痛(HPS)疗效。方法 104例HSP患者来源2021年1月—2022年12月江西中医药大学附属医院,对照A组用热敏灸治疗、对照B组用Maitland术、观察组二法联合治疗,评价临床疗效、数字评定量表(NRS)、上肢Fugl-Meyer和Barthel指数。结果 3组治疗后NRS评分下降、Fugal-Meyer和Barthel指数上升,观察组较对照A组和B组变化明显,观察组有效率明显优于其他2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 热敏灸联合Maitland术治疗卒中后HPS临床疗效显著,能有效缓解肩部疼痛和痉挛程度,有助于恢复肩关节功能,改善生活质量,对卒中后康复有指导意义。

活血通痹方膏摩治疗膝骨关节炎临床观察

目的观察自拟活血通痹方膏摩治疗膝骨关节炎(KOA)的临床效果。方法选取2021年7月—2022年7月于北京市石景山区中医医院骨科门诊治疗的KOA患者74例,随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组采用自拟活血通痹方药膏,通过膏摩治疗患膝,对照组采用双氯芬酸二乙胺乳胶剂,通过膏摩治疗患膝,每次15 min,14次为1个疗程,记录治疗前后患者膝关节视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、中医证候评分以及西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)评分,进行疗效评价和对比。结果两组患者治疗后VAS评分、中医证候评分及WOMAC评分较治疗前均有降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组与对照组VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),试验组中医证候评分及WOMAC评分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论活血通痹方膏摩治疗KOA可有效缓解患者疼痛,改善其膝关节功能,延缓病情进展。

腕踝针联合药物罐治疗寒湿痹阻型肩周炎临床观察

目的观察腕踝针联合药物罐治疗寒湿痹阻型肩周炎的临床效果。方法将80例寒湿痹阻型肩周炎患者随机分为A组、B组、C组和D组,每组20例。A组采用口服双氯芬酸钠缓释片治疗,B组、C组和D组在A组基础上分别采用腕踝针、药物罐及腕踝针联合药物罐治疗。观察各组治疗前后视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、肩关节功能Mallet评分的变化情况,以及各组临床效果。结果各组治疗后1 d、7 d、14 d、21 d的VAS及肩关节功能Mallet评分与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后1 d、7 d、14 d、21 d,B组、C组和D组VAS及肩关节功能Mallet评分与A组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),D组VAS及Mallet评分与B组和C组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论腕踝针联合药物罐治疗寒湿痹阻型肩周炎效果确切,能有效改善患者肩关节疼痛及活动受限的症状。

陈登铠“内外一统”发病观与痿证理论钩玄

探讨陈登铠《华医病理学》“内外一统”的病因和发病观,以及在伤寒、风论、痹论、痿论中的体现。其中痹论和痿论并论,主要表现为病因的“内外感召”和传变的“内外气化枢转”,并从“肺热叶焦”转向“痿疾取之阳明”的机制、悲哀太甚胞络绝致大经空虚、思虑过度与类“二阳之病发心脾”、治痿重视阳明4个方面探讨阳明在痿证理论中的重要意义。

王丹辉教授对痛风性关节炎病因病机的认识

从继承、整理老中医经验角度系统阐释王丹辉教授对痛风性关节炎病因病机的独特认识。王丹辉教授提出“湿热毒邪”病机贯穿疾病始终,湿热毒邪伤及肢体关节,致使经络痹阻,影响气血津液的输布,不通则痛,发为痹证,并指出痛风性关节炎在病理上日久必耗伤气血、累及脏腑,出现肝脾肾功能失调的表现。

基于气血通化探讨外敷膝骨关节炎用药规律

目的在气血通化观点指导下,对膝骨关节炎外敷中药处方进行挖掘研究,探讨其用药规律。方法收集整理2020年—2022年院内治疗膝骨关节炎外敷用药处方并建立电子数据库,使用IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0和IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0软件中关联分析、聚类分析等数据挖掘方法,分析膝骨关节炎的外敷用药规律。结果本研究收集2020年—2022年治疗膝骨关节炎处方418首,运用关联分析得出强关联对药有川芎-当归、透骨草-川芎、透骨草-伸筋草等共13组,聚类分析产生3个聚类方,高频药物前5为透骨草、川芎、当归、伸筋草、牛膝。结论治疗膝骨关节炎418首处方中常用祛风除湿药、活血化瘀药,涉及脏腑主要为肝、肾、脾,与肝脾气血密切相关,关联规则配伍原则大体从气血、风湿方面论治,以疏通气血、舒解经络为法,故可从疏通气血入手,旨在达到气血通化的状态。

裴氏消风除湿方治疗强直性脊柱炎临床观察

目的探究裴氏消风除湿方在强直性脊柱炎患者中的临床应用效果。方法选取2020年5月—2022年5月甘肃省人民医院中医二科门诊收治的强直性脊柱炎患者92例进行研究,按随机数字表法均分为两组,各46例。对照组采用塞来昔布治疗,观察组采用塞来昔布联合裴氏消风除湿方治疗。比较两组症状改善情况,T淋巴细胞亚群、炎性因子水平。结果干预前两组各项指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后,两组症状改善情况各评分及CD^(8+)、TNF-α、IL-2、IL-4水平均下降,且观察组各项指标低于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,两组CD^(3+)、CD^(4+)、CD^(4+)/CD^(8+)水平均上升,且观察组各项指标高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论裴氏消风除湿方可减轻强直性脊柱炎患者炎症反应,改善机体免疫功能及临床症状。

基于“伏毒”理论探析颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发病机制与中医治疗

总结郑关毅教授基于“伏毒”理论辨析颈动脉粥样硬化斑块(颈动脉斑块)发病机制与中医治疗经验。通过分析伏毒与颈动脉斑块在致病危险因素、病因病机、病理基础、临床特点方面的相关性,认为脏腑功能亏虚或邪气蕴结不解,酿生痰、湿、浊、瘀、热等伏毒藏于机体,日久致脉络损伤而发为本病,具有隐伏、缠绵、暗耗、暴戾、杂合、多变等病理特性,发作时具有毒性猛烈、病情危重,或迁延反复难祛等临床特点。“伏毒损脉”是本病的根本原因与核心病机所在,病位在“脉”,并可累及“脑”。正虚毒聚-伏毒损脉-毒蚀脑窍3个阶段与颈动脉斑块的发生、发展过程具有一致性。提出扶正祛毒的总体治则,具体包括化痰、活血、养阴、清热、行气、导滞、通络、息风等治法,审证求因,荡涤伏毒。临证特别注重调补脾肾,通过益气健脾恢复中焦运化功能,以绝生痰之源;补肾填精以充五脏气血化生。常以香砂六君子汤、半夏白术天麻汤、血府逐瘀汤等为基础方加减,喜佐以红景天、红曲以健脾益气、消痰化瘀。若热毒炽盛,配伍清热解毒兼有活血功效的药物,如牡丹皮、赤芍、大血藤等;病久入络者,投以藤类或虫类通络化瘀之品,如鸡血藤、僵蚕、地龙、路路通等搜剔络脉伏毒。

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Presenting as Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Experience from Bangladesh

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common paediatric malignancy, is a heterogeneous hematologic disease. ALL patients may present with isolated and persistent osteo-articular complaints, lower incidence of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly or lymphadenopathy without clear laboratory features, and misdiagnosed as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Methods: This was a single center cross sectional study over a period of 4 years. Clinic laboratory profiles of 39 ALL children were compared with 39 age and sex-matched sJIA cases. Result: Among 39 ALL patients 89.7% were initially misdiagnosed as sJIA upon clinical presentation. Majority (66.7%) of ALL patients had oligo-articular joint involvement. In sJIA, small joints of the hands were most commonly involved. The total WBC count was significantly higher in ALL patients (p-value 0.0065). CRP and LDH values between the two groups showed significant differences (p-value 0.00006 and 0.00001 respectively). Conclusion: The presentation of leukemia with arthralgia or arthritis makes the diagnosis difficult for the physicians. The diagnosis of sJIA must be made with caution keeping the possibility of haematological malignancy in mind.

仙灵骨葆胶囊联合唑来膦酸盐及碳酸钙D3片治疗老年骨质疏松症的临床观察

目的探讨仙灵骨葆胶囊联合唑来膦酸盐及碳酸钙D3片对老年骨质疏松症(OP)患者骨转换指标及骨密度的影响。方法选取江西省靖安县人民医院2020年5月—2021年12月收治的老年OP患者94例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各47例。对照组采用唑来膦酸盐联合碳酸钙D3片治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加服仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗,4周为1个疗程。比较2组骨转换指标[骨钙素(OC)、Ⅰ型胶原交联C-末端肽(CTX-1)]、骨密度、骨痛程度[数字疼痛评价量表(NRS)评分]、临床疗效及不良反应。结果治疗后,观察组OC水平高于对照组、CTX-1水平低于对照组,腰椎L_(1~4)、右股骨颈的骨密度高于对照组,NRS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组总有效率95.74%(45/47)高于对照组的80.85%(38/47),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组治疗期间均未见不良反应。结论仙灵骨葆胶囊联合唑来膦酸盐及碳酸钙D_(3)片治疗老年OP效果确切,能改善患者骨转换指标及骨密度,减轻骨痛。