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A Study of the Use and Translation of Archaic Functional Vocabulary in the Berne Convention
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作者 HU Hong-ling 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2024年第1期85-91,共7页
The archaic functional vocabulary is highly with the legal features of formality and conservativeness and still holding a place in legal English.The Berne Convention is a good example to study the use and translation ... The archaic functional vocabulary is highly with the legal features of formality and conservativeness and still holding a place in legal English.The Berne Convention is a good example to study the use and translation of the archaic functional vocabulary.By studying what archaic functional words or phrases are used in the Berne Convention,their meanings and the different use frequencies of them between the Berne Convention and the Copy Right Law of PRC,it has been found that arhcaic adverbs are used of low frequency,while some adjectives or adjectival groups as well as some prepositions or prepositional phrases are used of high frequencies.The use frequencies of the archaic functional vocabulary is higher in the Berne Convention than those in the Copy Right law of PRC.Some suggestions can be put forward to help improve translating Chinese legal documents into English or writing English legal documents. 展开更多
关键词 archaic functional vocabulary the berne Convention use frequency TRANSLATION
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Pedo-Transfer Functions to Estimate Kinetic Parameters for Anaerobic Soil Nitrogen Mineralization 被引量:3
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作者 Ganghua Zou Fengliang Zhao +1 位作者 Ying Shan Yong Li 《Open Journal of Soil Science》 2018年第2期75-86,共12页
Knowledge of potential anaerobic soil N mineralization is important for nitrogen fertilizer application. Instead of time-consuming laboratory incubation, we attempt to use pedo-transfer functions (PTFs) approach to ge... Knowledge of potential anaerobic soil N mineralization is important for nitrogen fertilizer application. Instead of time-consuming laboratory incubation, we attempt to use pedo-transfer functions (PTFs) approach to get this information. 27 soil samples with various soil depths were collected from paddy field, woodland and tea field in subtropical central China, anaerobically incubated at 35°C for 7 weeks to determine N mineralization, which was fitted by a modified double exponential model with two parameters (the fraction of active N pool (f) and mineralization rate constant (k) for active N pool). The PTFs for parameters were developed from significant soil properties using multiple stepwise regression method. Parameter f (range: 1.59% - 10.4%, mean: 5.2%) was mainly correlated with soil total N (TN), organic C (SOC), sand and silt particle contents (r = -0.59 - 0.69, p k (range: 0.027 - 0.155 d-1, mean: 0.97 d-1) was significantly related to TN, SOC, clay content, C to N ratio and pH (r = -0.6 - 0.71, p f (R2 = 0.72, p TN and pH) for parameter k (R2 = 0.61, p < 0.01). The developed PTFs, integrating various land uses and soil depths, suggest that basic soil properties are helpful for estimation of anaerobic soil N mineralization. 展开更多
关键词 NITROGEN MINERALIZATION Pedotransfer function Soil NUTRIENT LAND Use
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Division of carbon sink functional areas and path to carbon neutrality in coal mines 被引量:1
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作者 Boyu Yang Zhongke Bai +1 位作者 Shuai Fu Yingui Cao 《International Journal of Coal Science & Technology》 EI CAS CSCD 2022年第4期203-213,共11页
Remote sensing image data of typical mining areas in the Loess Plateau from 1986 to 2018 were used to analyze the evolution of land use,explore the division of carbon sink functional areas,and propose carbon neutralit... Remote sensing image data of typical mining areas in the Loess Plateau from 1986 to 2018 were used to analyze the evolution of land use,explore the division of carbon sink functional areas,and propose carbon neutrality paths to provide a reference for the coal industry carbon peak,carbon-neutral action plan.Results show that(1)land use has changed signifcantly in the Pingshuo mining area over the past 30 years.Damaged land in industrial,opencast,stripping,and dumping areas comprises 4482.5 ha of cultivated land,1648.13 ha of grassland,and 963.49 ha of forestland.(2)The carbon sink functional areas of the Pingshuo mining land is divided into invariant,enhancement,low carbon optimization,and carbon emission control areas.The proportion of carbon sinks in the invariant area is decreasing,whereas the proportion in enhancement,low carbon optimization,and carbon emission control areas is gradually increasing.(3)The carbon neutrality of the mining area must be reduced from the entire process of stripping–mining–transport–disposal–reclamation,and carbon emissions and carbon sink accounting must start from the life cycle of coal resources.Therefore,carbon neutrality in mining areas must follow the 5R principles of reduction,reuse,recycling,redevelopment,and restoration,and attention must be paid to the potential of carbon sinks in ecological protection and restoration projects in the future. 展开更多
关键词 Land use Pingshuo mining area Carbon neutrality functional area Carbon sink
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Function of Agricultural Land Use and Its Evolvement in Peri-urban Area: A Case Study of Beijing 被引量:1
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作者 Yuan Hong, Cai Jianming, Jiang Fang, Liu Shenghe Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 北大核心 2007年第2期67-71,共5页
Rapid urbanization in Beijing stimulates the urban land expansion and diminishes available agricultural land. Monofunctional agricultural land use can not meet the demand of the devel- opment of the multifunctional ag... Rapid urbanization in Beijing stimulates the urban land expansion and diminishes available agricultural land. Monofunctional agricultural land use can not meet the demand of the devel- opment of the multifunctional agriculture and urbanization any more, so multifunctional agricultural land use is going to be promoted in the city. This article proposes the evolvement of the land use change from 1992 to 2004 and discusses some evolvement views. 展开更多
关键词 function agricultural land use peri-urban area
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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TESTING PREOPERATIVE VISUAL FUNCTION IN CATARACT USING LASER INTERFEROMETRIC VISUAL ACUITY AND ERG 被引量:2
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作者 De-Zheng Wu Lezheng Wu Xijing Xu Hui Chen Taiqing Luo Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences Guangzhou 510060, China 《眼科学报》 1991年第1期21-24,共4页
Tests of preoperative visual function and prediction of postoperative E chart visual acuity(ECVA) using laser interferometric visual acuity(LIVA) and electroretinogram(ERG) were performed in 16 cases(19 eyes) of catar... Tests of preoperative visual function and prediction of postoperative E chart visual acuity(ECVA) using laser interferometric visual acuity(LIVA) and electroretinogram(ERG) were performed in 16 cases(19 eyes) of cataract. The results showed that the coincident rate between preoperative LIVA and postoperative ECVA was 63.2%, and there was a parallel correlation between preoperative amplitude of photopic ERG b-wave and postoperative ECVA in 79.0% of the eyes. Comparing these two methods, the test of LIVA ... 展开更多
关键词 THE SIGNIFIcanCE OF TESTING PREOPERATIVE VISUAL function IN CATARACT USING LASER INTERFEROMETRIC VISUAL ACUITY AND ERG
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Treatment outcome,cognitive function,and psychopathology in methamphetamine users compared to other substance users
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作者 Nina Behle Felicia Kamp +10 位作者 Lisa Proebstl Laura Hager Marlies Riebschläger Maik Schacht-Jablonowsky Willem Hamdorf Stefanie Neumann Daniela Krause Kirsi Manz Andreas Guenter Franke Gabriele Koller Michael Soyka 《World Journal of Psychiatry》 SCIE 2022年第7期944-957,共14页
BACKGROUND The rising number of people using methamphetamine leads to an increasing need for treatment options for this patient group.Evidence-based research on the efficacy of treatment programs for methamphetamine u... BACKGROUND The rising number of people using methamphetamine leads to an increasing need for treatment options for this patient group.Evidence-based research on the efficacy of treatment programs for methamphetamine users is limited.Due to specific characteristics of methamphetamine users,the question arises whether established treatment methods for individuals using other substances can be effective for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence as well.We hypothesize that there are significant differences between the two groups that may affect the effectiveness of treatment and worsen the prognosis of treatment outcomes for methamphetamine users compared to consumers of other substances.AIM To investigate potential differences in cognitive functioning and psychopathology between methamphetamine users and other substance users and possible correlations with treatment outcomes.METHODS A total of 110 subjects were recruited for an observational,longitudinal study from a German inpatient addiction treatment center:55 patients with methamphetamine dependence and 55 patients with dependence of other substances(“OS group”).Both groups were examined at beginning(baseline)and end of treatment(after 6 mo)with regard to treatment retention,craving,cognitive functioning,psychosocial resources,personality traits,depression,and other psychiatric symptoms.Instruments used were Raven’s IQ test,Mannheimer craving scale,cognitrone cognitive test battery,NEO personality factors inventory,Hamilton depression scale,Becks depression inventory,and a symptom checklist.The statistical methods used were χ^(2)-test,t-test and multiple mixed ANOVAs.RESULTS A total drop-out rate of 40%(methamphetamine-group:36.4%;OS-group:43.6%)was observed without significant differences between groups.At baseline,methamphetamine-group subjects significantly differed from OS-group individuals in terms of a lower intelligence quotient,fewer years of education,slower working speed,and decreased working accuracy,as well as less cannabinoid and cocaine use.Methamphetamine-group subjects further showed a significantly lower score of conscientiousness,depressive,and psychiatric symptoms than subjects from the OSgroup.In both groups,a reduction of craving and depressive symptoms and an improvement of working speed and working accuracy was noted after treatment.CONCLUSION There are differences between methamphetamine users and users of other drugs,but not with regard to the effectiveness of treatment in this inpatient setting.There are differences in cognitive function and psychopathology between methamphetamine and other drugs users.The existing treatment options seem to be an effective approach in treating methamphetamine dependence. 展开更多
关键词 Treatment outcome Cognitive function PSYCHOPATHOLOGY METHAMPHETAMINE Substance use Comparison
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Evaluation of the water conservation function in the Ili River Delta of Central Asia based on the InVEST model 被引量:2
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作者 CAO Yijie MA Yonggang +2 位作者 BAO Anming CHANG Cun LIU Tie 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第12期1455-1473,共19页
The Ili River Delta(IRD)is an ecological security barrier for the Lake Balkhash and an important water conservation area in Central Asia.In this study,we selected the IRD as a typical research area,and simulated the w... The Ili River Delta(IRD)is an ecological security barrier for the Lake Balkhash and an important water conservation area in Central Asia.In this study,we selected the IRD as a typical research area,and simulated the water yield and water conservation from 1975 to 2020 using the water yield module of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model.We further analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in the water yield and water conservation in the IRD from 1975 to 2020,and investigated the main driving factors(precipitation,potential evapotranspiration,land use/land cover change,and inflow from the Ili River)of the water conservation variation based on the linear regression,piecewise linear regression,and Pearson's correlation coefficient analyses.The results indicated that from 1975 to 2020,the water yield and water conservation in the IRD showed a decreasing trend,and the spatial distribution pattern was"high in the east and low in the west";overall,the water conservation of all land use types decreased slightly.The water conservation volume of grassland was the most reduced,although the area of grassland increased owing to the increased inflow from the Ili River.At the same time,the increased inflow has led to the expansion of wetland areas,the improvement of vegetation growth,and the increase of regional evapotranspiration,thus resulting in an overall reduction in the water conservation.The water conservation depth and precipitation had similar spatial distribution patterns;the change in climate factors was the main reason for the decline in the water conservation function in the delta.The reservoir in the upper reaches of the IRD regulated runoff into the Lake Balkhash,promoted vegetation restoration,and had a positive effect on the water conservation;however,this positive effect cannot offset the negative effect of enhanced evapotranspiration.These results provide a reference for the rational allocation of water resources and ecosystem protection in the IRD. 展开更多
关键词 water conservation function water yield Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model climate change land use/land cover change(LUCC) Ili River Delta Lake Balkhash
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Engineering personalized neural tissue using functionalized transcription factors
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作者 stephanie m.willerth 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第10期1570-1571,共2页
Diseases and disorders of the central nervous system often require significant interventions to restore lost function due to their com- plexity. Examples of such disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's di... Diseases and disorders of the central nervous system often require significant interventions to restore lost function due to their com- plexity. Examples of such disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord in)ury. These diseases and disorders result trom healthy cells being destroyed, which in turn causes dysfunction in the cen- tral nervous system, The death of these cells can trigger a cascade of events that affect the rest of the body, causing symptoms that become progressively worse over time. Developing strategies for repairing the damage to the central nervous system remains chal- lenging, in part due to its inability to regenerate. 展开更多
关键词 CELL Engineering personalized neural tissue using functionalized transcription factors
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ON VECTOR VALUED FUNCTION APPROXIMATION USING A PEAK NORM
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作者 G.A.Watson 《Analysis in Theory and Applications》 1996年第2期1-12,共12页
A peak norm is defined for Lp spaces of E-valued Bochner integrable functions, where E is a Banach space, and best approximations from a sun to elements of the space are characterized. Applications are given to some f... A peak norm is defined for Lp spaces of E-valued Bochner integrable functions, where E is a Banach space, and best approximations from a sun to elements of the space are characterized. Applications are given to some families of simultaneous best approximation problems. 展开更多
关键词 ON VECtoR VALUED function APPROXIMATION USING A PEAK NORM 任气
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Multi-output Gaussian Process Regression Model with Combined Kernel Function for Polyester Esterification Processes
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作者 王恒骞 耿君先 陈磊 《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》 CAS 2023年第1期27-33,共7页
In polyester fiber industrial processes,the prediction of key performance indicators is vital for product quality.The esterification process is an indispensable step in the polyester polymerization process.It has the ... In polyester fiber industrial processes,the prediction of key performance indicators is vital for product quality.The esterification process is an indispensable step in the polyester polymerization process.It has the characteristics of strong coupling,nonlinearity and complex mechanism.To solve these problems,we put forward a multi-output Gaussian process regression(MGPR)model based on the combined kernel function for the polyester esterification process.Since the seasonal and trend decomposition using loess(STL)can extract the periodic and trend characteristics of time series,a combined kernel function based on the STL and the kernel function analysis is constructed for the MGPR.The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by the actual polyester esterification process data collected from fiber production. 展开更多
关键词 seasonal and trend decomposition using loess(STL) multi-output Gaussian process regression combined kernel function polyester esterification process
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Spatiotemporal mismatch of land use functions and land use efficiencies and their influencing factors:A case study in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,China 被引量:1
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作者 GAO Yunxiao WANG Zhanqi +1 位作者 CHAI Ji ZHANG Hongwei 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期62-88,共27页
Identification of the spatial mismatch between land use functions(LUFs)and land use efficiencies(LUEs)is essential to regional land use policies.However,previous studies about LUF-LUE mismatch and its driving factors ... Identification of the spatial mismatch between land use functions(LUFs)and land use efficiencies(LUEs)is essential to regional land use policies.However,previous studies about LUF-LUE mismatch and its driving factors have been insufficient.In this study,we explored the spatiotemporal mismatch of LUFs and LUEs and their influencing factors from 2000 to 2018 in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River(MRYR).Specifically,we used Spearman correlation analysis to reveal the trade-off relationship between LUFs and LUEs and determine the direction of the influencing factors on the LUF-LUE mismatch,adopted spatial mismatch analysis to measure the imbalance between LUFs and LUEs,and used the geographical detector model to analyze the factors influencing this spatial mismatch.The results showed that production function(PDF),living function(LVF),ecological function(ELF),agricultural production efficiency(APE),urban construction efficiency(UCE),and ecological services efficiency(ESE)all displayed significant spatial heterogeneity.The high trade-off areas were widely distributed and long-lasting in agricultural space and urban space,while gradually decreasing in ecological space.Wuhan and Changsha showed high spatial mismatch coefficients in urban space,but low spatial mismatch coefficients in agricultural space.Hunan generally presented high spatial mismatch coefficients in ecological space.Furthermore,the interaction of the proportion of cultivated area and transportation accessibility exacerbated the mismatch in agricultural space.The interaction effects of capital investment and technology innovation with other factors have the most intense impact on the mismatch in urban space.The internal factor for cultivated area interacts with other external factors to drastically affect ecological spatial mismatch. 展开更多
关键词 land use function land use efficiency spatial mismatch analysis influencing factors Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River
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Prediction Method Study on the Remaining Useful Life of Plant New Varieties Rights Based on Weibull Survival Function and Gaussian Model——Taking Hybrid Rice Variety for Example 被引量:1
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作者 任静 宋敏 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2016年第4期995-1001,共7页
In view of the difficulty in determining remaining useful life of plant new variety right in economic analysis, Weibull Survival Analysis Method and Gaussian Model to were used to study how to accurately estimate the ... In view of the difficulty in determining remaining useful life of plant new variety right in economic analysis, Weibull Survival Analysis Method and Gaussian Model to were used to study how to accurately estimate the remaining useful life of plant new variety right. The results showed that the average life of the granted rice varieties was 10.013 years. With the increase of the age of plant variety rights, the probability of the same residual life Ttreaching x was smaller and smaller, the reliability lower and lower, while the probability of the variety rights becoming invalid became greater. The remaining useful life of a specific granted rice variety was closely related to the demonstration promotion age when the granted rice variety reached its maximum area and the appearance of alternative varieties, and when the demonstration promotion age of the granted rice variety reaching the one with the maximum area, the promotion area would be decreased once a new alternative variety appeared, correspondingly with the shortening of the remaining useful life of the variety. Therefore, Weibull Survival Analysis Method and Gaussian Model could describe the remaining useful life's time trend, as well as determine the remaining useful life of a concrete plant variety right, clarify the entire life time of varieties rights, and make the economic analysis of plant new varieties rights more accurate and reasonable. 展开更多
关键词 Remaining useful life Weibull Survival function GAUSSIAN
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Fuzzy Words Distribution in Management Science Research Articles 被引量:1
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作者 董艳云 白永权 蒋跃 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2007年第3期37-42,共6页
By using ZHANG Qiao's method for identifying fuzzy words (1998), the present paper makes a statistic analysis of fuzzy words appearing in about 43,000 words of 6 academic research articles in management science. A ... By using ZHANG Qiao's method for identifying fuzzy words (1998), the present paper makes a statistic analysis of fuzzy words appearing in about 43,000 words of 6 academic research articles in management science. A distribution curve of fuzzy words in management research articles is drawn in accordance with the structures of the articles, and it is proved to be reasonable for tile discourse function of each section. Furthermore, the fuzzy words are divided into three categories and eleven sub-categories, including Category Ⅰ-fuzzy words, Category Ⅱ-fuzzy words+non-fuzzy part / non-fuzzy part+fuzzy words, Category Ⅲ-approximators+fuzzy words. Distribution of fuzzy words varies in different sections of research articles in management science, because of different communicative purposes or discourse functions. Introduction section and Conclusion section have a higher occurrence rate of fuzzy words than Abstract section and Methodology and Data section. 展开更多
关键词 academic research articles in management science fuzzy words distribution curve discourse function category research
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基于数据驱动学习的医学英语论著写作教学设计及应用评价
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作者 齐晖 《医学教育研究与实践》 2024年第1期89-95,共7页
探讨了将数据驱动学习(data-driven learning, DDL)应用于基于体裁的英语学术写作教学的路径。福建医科大学共102名博士研究生参加了15个学时的写作教学实验。教师介绍了语料库的基本概念和AntConc软件的使用方法,设计了DDL任务,引导学... 探讨了将数据驱动学习(data-driven learning, DDL)应用于基于体裁的英语学术写作教学的路径。福建医科大学共102名博士研究生参加了15个学时的写作教学实验。教师介绍了语料库的基本概念和AntConc软件的使用方法,设计了DDL任务,引导学生以小组为单位自主探索医学英语论著每个语步和语阶的语言特征。学生对课程的总体反馈较好,他们认为学习使用语料库方法探索语言特征、学习医学论著的修辞功能、融合语言特征和修辞功能、自建医学学科专用语料库以及小组合作完成任务是最大的收获。实验证明了DDL在博士生英语学术写作教学中应用的可行性。学生对课程的建议可在未来课程中加以考虑,即增加语料库类型和论文体裁,以优化基于DDL的英语论文写作教学。 展开更多
关键词 数据驱动学习 语料库语言学 修辞功能 英文论著写作 医学英语
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Ecological function transitions of land use in the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone from the perspective of production-living-ecological space
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作者 ZHOU Guipeng LONG Hualou +1 位作者 JIANG Yanfeng TU Shuangshuang 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第11期2212-2238,共27页
The ecological function of land use is the basis for developing an ecological civilization and realizing sustainable development.This paper may help guide the coordination of economic development and ecological develo... The ecological function of land use is the basis for developing an ecological civilization and realizing sustainable development.This paper may help guide the coordination of economic development and ecological development in China’s coastal border areas.Based on theoretical analysis,this paper studies the spatiotemporal evolution of the functional spaces and the ecological function transitions of land use in the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone(BGEZ)by analyzing patterns,processes,and factors by applying eco-environmental quality index,grid subdivision,kriging interpolation,barycenter model,and Geodetector.This paper constructs a theoretical framework of ecological function transitions of land use based on the research idea of“system-pattern-process-factor”,and carries out empirical research.Some conclusions can be drawn as follows:(1)The ecological space in the BGEZ has continuously decreased,converting mainly into agricultural production space and industrial-mining production space.The production space has expanded slowly.The area of living space in the BGEZ has increased rapidly.(2)The ecological function of land use in the BGEZ has continued to weaken,especially in the southern part of the BGEZ.The“high-sub-high”quality zones of ecological function are retreating to the north.(3)There were more deterioration transition areas than optimization transition areas of ecological function in the BGEZ.The former were mostly located in the central and southern urbanized areas of the BGEZ,whereas the latter were mostly located in the edge zones of district and county units.(4)As for the driving factors of the deterioration transitions of land use ecological function in the BGEZ,the significant trend of“de-ecologization”of the land cover/land use structure was the dominant driving factor;the interactions among the“natural-socioeconomic-managerial”systems were the main recessive factor.The natural system played a fundamental role,and the driving force of natural factors was the strongest.The industrialization,urbanization,and GDP increment in the socioeconomic system and the policy positioning of development intensity in the managerial system played a significant role.The interactions among natural factors,road construction,and industrial non-agricultural transformation had a“fuze”effect on stimulating driving forces. 展开更多
关键词 land use transitions ecological function eco-environmental quality production-living-ecological spaces dominant and recessive factors beibu Gulf
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数词与定指:以数词“一”为例
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作者 王珲 吴义诚 《外国语文》 北大核心 2024年第3期55-64,共10页
对于汉语这种缺乏定冠词的语言来说,何种语言成分能够承担定冠词的功能是过去30多年来的一个热点问题。基于跨语言和跨方言的事实:(1)鉴于自然数的基本功能是计量,而定冠词的基本功能是定指,自然数“1”不可能语法化为有定性标记,它只... 对于汉语这种缺乏定冠词的语言来说,何种语言成分能够承担定冠词的功能是过去30多年来的一个热点问题。基于跨语言和跨方言的事实:(1)鉴于自然数的基本功能是计量,而定冠词的基本功能是定指,自然数“1”不可能语法化为有定性标记,它只能发展出不定冠词的功能;(2)数词的计量功能与定冠词的确指功能相悖,这从逻辑上决定了前者没有发展成为后者的可能性;(3)数词“一”可作有定解读的现象,本质上是一种语用现象而非语法现象。 展开更多
关键词 自然数“1” 数词 定冠词 不定冠词 指示词 有定功能
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A Comparative Analysis of Syntactic Complexity in Applied Linguistics Abstracts Written by Chinese Novice Writers and Native English Advanced Writers
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作者 Mingming Zhao Tianshuang Ge 《Open Journal of Applied Sciences》 2024年第1期1-26,共26页
The rhetorical structure of abstracts has been a widely discussed topic, as it can greatly enhance the abstract writing skills of second-language writers. This study aims to provide guidance on the syntactic features ... The rhetorical structure of abstracts has been a widely discussed topic, as it can greatly enhance the abstract writing skills of second-language writers. This study aims to provide guidance on the syntactic features that L2 learners can employ, as well as suggest which features they should focus on in English academic writing. To achieve this, all samples were analyzed for rhetorical moves using Hyland’s five-rhetorical move model. Additionally, all sentences were evaluated for syntactic complexity, considering measures such as global, clausal and phrasal complexity. The findings reveal that expert writers exhibit a more balanced use of syntactic complexity across moves, effectively fulfilling the rhetorical objectives of abstracts. On the other hand, MA students tend to rely excessively on embedded structures and dependent clauses in an attempt to increase complexity. The implications of these findings for academic writing research, pedagogy, and assessment are thoroughly discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Syntactic Complexity Rhetorical functions Research article Abstract L2 Academic Writing
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Changes in Transformation of Soil Organic C and Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Community Under Different Land Uses 被引量:22
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作者 LI Zhong-pei WU Xiao-chen CHEN Bi-yun 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2007年第10期1235-1245,共11页
Changes in soil biological and biochemical properties under different land uses in the subtropical region of China were investigated in order to develop rational cultivation and fertilization management. A small water... Changes in soil biological and biochemical properties under different land uses in the subtropical region of China were investigated in order to develop rational cultivation and fertilization management. A small watershed of subtropical region of China was selected for this study. Land uses covered paddy fields, vegetable farming, fruit trees, upland crops, bamboo stands, and forestry. Soil biological and biochemical properties included soil organic C and nutrient contents, mineralization of soil organic C, and soil microbial biomass and community functional diversity. Soil organic C and total N contents, microbial biomass C and N, and respiration intensity under different land uses were changed in the following order: paddy fields (and vegetable farming) 〉 bamboo stands 〉 fruit trccs (and upland). The top surface (0-15 cm) paddy fields (and vegetable farming) were 76.4 and 80.8% higher in soil organic C and total N contents than fruit trees (and upland) soils, respectively. Subsurface paddy soils (15-30 cm) were 59.8 and 67.3% higher in organic C and total N than upland soils, respectively. Soil microbial C, N and respiration intensity in paddy soils (0-15 cm) were 6.36, 3.63 and 3.20 times those in fruit tree (and upland) soils respectively. Soil microbial metabolic quotient was in the order: fruit trees (and upland) 〉 forestry 〉 paddy fields. Metabolic quotient in paddy soils was only 47.7% of that in fruit tree (and upland) soils. Rates of soil organic C mineralization during incubation changed in the order: paddy fields 〉 bamboo stands 〉 fruit trees (and upland) and soil bacteria population: paddy fields 〉 fruit trees (and upland) 〉 forestry. No significant difference was found for fungi and actinomycetes populations. BIOLOG analysis indicated a changing order of paddy fields 〉 fruit trees (and upland) 〉 forestry in values of the average well cell development (AWCD) and functional diversity indexes of microbial community. Results also showed that the conversion from paddy fields to vegetable farming for 5 years resulted in a dramatic increase in soil available phosphorus content while insignificant changes in soil organic C and total N content due to a large inputs of phosphate fertilizers. This conversion caused 53, 41.5, and 41.3% decreases in soil microbial biomass C, N, and respiration intensity, respectively, while 23.6% increase in metabolic quotient and a decrease in soil organic C mineralization rate. Moreover, soil bacteria and actinomycetes populations were increased slightly, while fungi population increased dramatically. Functional diversity indexes of soil microbial community decreased significantly. It was concluded that land uses in the subtropical region of China strongly affected soil biological and biochemical properties. Soil organic C and nutrient contents, mineralization of organic C and functional diversity of microbial community in paddy fields were higher than those in upland and forestry. Overuse of chemical fertilizers in paddy fields with high fertility might degrade soil biological properties and biochemical function, resulting in deterioration of soil biological quality. 展开更多
关键词 land use patterns transformation of soil organic carbon functional diversity of soil microbial community
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Productive functional evolution of rural settlements:analysis of livelihood strategy and land use transition in eastern China 被引量:9
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作者 ZHANG Bai-lin JIANG Guang-hui +2 位作者 CAI Wei-min SUN Pi-ling ZHANG Feng-rong 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第12期2540-2554,共15页
In China, rural settlements are usually multifunctional complex of natural societies and they also play important productive function. This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of thr... In China, rural settlements are usually multifunctional complex of natural societies and they also play important productive function. This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of three rural settlements, i.e.,Hetaoyuan, Dawengshan, and Gaoqiao, in the Yimeng Mountain in Shandong province of eastern China.Residents lived in this three types of rural settlements were all involved in agricultural production(i.e., grain threshing, drying and storage), which had remained dominant in Hetaoyuan. Dawengshan became an industrial-oriented settlement, while Gaoqiao became a commercial-oriented settlement. This evolution was reflected in the livelihood strategy changes of rural households and the transition of rural settlements changes. The choice of livelihood strategy was affected by the livelihood assets and policies, which resulted in the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of rural settlements. This study can provide references for the implementation and adjustment of rural residential land consolidation policies and the improvement of production and the quality of rural life in future. 展开更多
关键词 Rural settlements Productive function Spatiotemporal evolution Livelihood strategy Land use transition Eastern China
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging of internet addiction in young adults 被引量:4
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作者 Gianna Sepede Margherita Tavino +3 位作者 Rita Santacroce Federica Fiori Rosa Maria Salerno Massimo Di Giannantonio 《World Journal of Radiology》 CAS 2016年第2期210-225,共16页
AIM: To report the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI) studies pertaining internet addiction disorder(IAD) in young adults.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review on Pub Med, focusing our attenti... AIM: To report the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI) studies pertaining internet addiction disorder(IAD) in young adults.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review on Pub Med, focusing our attention on f MRI studies involving adult IAD patients, free from any comorbid psychiatric condition. The following search words were used, both alone and in combination: f MRI, internet addiction, internet dependence, functional neuroimaging. The search was conducted on April 20^(th), 2015 and yielded 58 records. Inclusion criteria were the following: Articles written in English, patients' age ≥ 18 years, patients affected by IAD, studies providing f MRI results during resting state or cognitive/emotional paradigms. Structural MRI studies, functional imaging techniques other than f MRI, studies involving adolescents, patients with comorbid psychiatric, neurological or medical conditions were excluded. By reading titles and abstracts, we excluded 30 records. By reading the full texts of the 28 remaining articles, we identified 18 papers meeting our inclusion criteria and therefore included in the qualitative synthesis.RESULTS: We found 18 studies fulfilling our inclusion criteria, 17 of them conducted in Asia, and including a total number of 666 tested subjects. The included studies reported data acquired during resting state or different paradigms, such as cue-reactivity, guessing or cognitive control tasks. The enrolled patients were usually males(95.4%) and very young(21-25 years). The most represented IAD subtype, reported in more than 85% of patients, was the internet gaming disorder, or videogame addiction. In the resting state studies, the more relevant abnormalities were localized in the superior temporal gyrus, limbic, medial frontal and parietal regions. When analyzing the task related fmri studies, we found that less than half of the papers reported behavioral differences between patients and normal controls, but all of them found significant differences in cortical and subcortical brain regions involved in cognitive control and reward processing: Orbitofrontal cortex, insula, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, temporal and parietal regions, brain stem and caudate nucleus.CONCLUSION: IAD may seriously affect young adults' brain functions. It needs to be studied more in depth to provide a clear diagnosis and an adequate treatment. 展开更多
关键词 INTERNET ADDICTION PATHOLOGIC INTERNET use functionAL magnetic resonance imaging INTERNET gaming disorder functionAL NEUROIMAGING
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