“Instruction-Category” Approach of Test Suite Construction for Oven Embedded System

Being different from testing for popular GUI software, the “instruction-category” approach is proposed for testing embedded system. This approach is constructed by three steps including refining items, drawing instruction-brief and instruction-category, and constructing test suite. Consequently, this approach is adopted to test oven embedded system, and detail process is deeply discussed. As a result, the factual result indicates that the “instruction-category” approach can be effectively applied in embedded system testing as a black-box method for conformity testing.

Test Case Prioritization in Unit and Integration Testing:A Shuffled-Frog-Leaping Approach

Both unit and integration testing are incredibly crucial for almost any software application because each of them operates a distinct process to examine the product.Due to resource constraints,when software is subjected to modifications,the drastic increase in the count of test cases forces the testers to opt for a test optimization strategy.One such strategy is test case prioritization(TCP).Existing works have propounded various methodologies that re-order the system-level test cases intending to boost either the fault detection capabilities or the coverage efficacy at the earliest.Nonetheless,singularity in objective functions and the lack of dissimilitude among the re-ordered test sequences have degraded the cogency of their approaches.Considering such gaps and scenarios when the meteoric and continuous updations in the software make the intensive unit and integration testing process more fragile,this study has introduced a memetics-inspired methodology for TCP.The proposed structure is first embedded with diverse parameters,and then traditional steps of the shuffled-frog-leaping approach(SFLA)are followed to prioritize the test cases at unit and integration levels.On 5 standard test functions,a comparative analysis is conducted between the established algorithms and the proposed approach,where the latter enhances the coverage rate and fault detection of re-ordered test sets.Investigation results related to the mean average percentage of fault detection(APFD)confirmed that the proposed approach exceeds the memetic,basic multi-walk,PSO,and optimized multi-walk by 21.7%,13.99%,12.24%,and 11.51%,respectively.

Towards Semantic Mutation Testing of Aspect-Oriented Programs

Aspect-oriented programs have received much attention from software testing researchers. Various testing techniques and approaches have been proposed to tackle issues and challenges when testing aspect-oriented programs including traditional mutation testing. In traditional mutation testing of aspect-oriented programs, mutants are generated by making small changes to the syntax of the aspect-oriented language. Recently, a new approach known as semantic mutation testing has been proposed. This approach mutates the semantics of the language in which the program is written. The mutants generated misunderstandings of the language which are different classes of faults. Aspect-oriented programming presents itself with different properties that can be further explored with respect to semantic mutation testing. This paper describes various possible scenarios that semantic mutation testing strategy might have particular value in testing aspect-oriented programs.

Exploring an eco-friendly approach to improve soil tensile behavior and cracking resistance

Soil tensile strength is a critical parameter governing the initiation and propagation of tensile cracking.This study proposes an eco-friendly approach to improve the tensile behavior and crack resistance of clayey soils.To validate the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed approach,direct tensile tests were employed to determine the tensile strength of the compacted soil with different W-OH treatment concentrations and water contents.Desiccation tests were also performed to evaluate the effectiveness of W-OH treatment in enhancing soil tensile cracking resistance.During this period,the effects of W-OH treatment concentration and water content on tensile properties,soil suction and microstructure were investigated.The tensile tests reveal that W-OH treatment has a significant impact on the tensile strength and failure mode of the soil,which not only effectively enhances the tensile strength and failure displacement,but also changes the brittle failure behavior into a more ductile quasi-brittle failure behavior.The suction measurements and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)tests show that W-OH treatment can slightly reduce soil suction by affecting skeleton structure and increasing macropores.Combined with the microstructural analysis,it becomes evident that the significant improvement in soil tensile behavior through W-OH treatment is mainly attributed to the W-OH gel's ability to provide additional binding force for bridging and encapsulating the soil particles.Moreover,desiccation tests demonstrate that W-OH treatment can significantly reduce or even inhibit the formation of soil tensile cracking.With the increase of W-OH treatment concentration,the surface crack ratio and total crack length are significantly reduced.This study enhances a fundamental understanding of eco-polymer impacts on soil mechanical properties and provides valuable insight into their potential application for improving soil crack resistance.

Guideline of Test Suite Construction for GUI Software Centered on Grey-Box Approach

In this paper, the test suite construction for GUI (Graphical User Interface) software may be executed centered on grey-box approach with the prior test design of window access controls for unit testing, including front-end method of white box and follow-up black box method for integration testing. Moreover, two key opinions are proposed for the test suite construction for GUI software, the first one is that the “Triple-step method” should be used for unit testing with the prior disposing of data boundary value testing of input controls, and another one is that the “Grey-box approach” should be applied in integration testing for GUI software with necessary testing preparation in the precondition. At the same time, the testing of baseline version and the incremental testing should be considered for the test case construction to coordinate with the whole evolution of software product today. Additionally, all our opinion and thought are verified and tested with a typical case of GUI software—PQMS (Product Quality Monitoring Software/System), and results indicate that these methods and specific disposing are practical and effective.

Strategy and Methodology of Integration Testing for GUI Software

In this paper, by means of effective testing practices, main strategies of integration testing for GUI software, including differentiating strategy for distinguished system, strategy of personnel organization, incremental testing strategy based on baseline version, testing strategy of circulating loop through the whole life, and the strategy of test suite construction, were briefly investigated. Moreover, for the code analysis, the FTA (Fault Tree analysis) is proposed to deal with the software change in regression testing. For test suite constructing, the constructing methods for baseline version and the incremental change are deeply discussed, in which main points focus on the testing strategy based on “Sheet/Form”, the “Grey-box approach” for integration testing process, and the application of the improved STD (State Transform Diagram) in state testing. At the same time, the suite construction of integration testing for two types, including small scale program and large scale software, is analyzed and discussed in detail. For testing execution, the specific method based on “Cross-testing” is investigated. Concurrently, by a lot of examples, all results of testing activity indicate that these strategies and methods are useful and fitted to integration testing for GUI software.

Approach of Separately Applying Unit Testing to AspectJ Program

A unit testing approach for AspectJ programs is proposed to separately test aspect units which have their own states. In the approach, aspects under test are converted to classes before execution of unit testing. In the conversion process, the context information passed through pointcut is transformed into advices, then the advices are converted to class member methods, and conflicts in the conversion result, if any, are resolved finally. The unit testing process consists of generating test cases, executing test cases and checking results.

The roll damping assessment via decay model testing (new ideas about an old subject)

The methodology to obtain the non-linear roll damping from decay tests is very old. It has been proposed by Froude in the 19th century and used from then on. Behind it there is a quadratic model [θ｜θ｜] for the damping and a subsequent equivalent linearization. Probably all model basin in the world follows this approach to assess the damping from a methods to get the P1-P2 coefficients. This is very applied to any kind of hull. However, it has become decay test. This is well documented and so is the general in the sense that in principle, it could be clear that for hull with a flat bottom such as a very large crude carrier （VLCC）, this approach may lead to confusing results such as negative P2. Faced with this, the work presents a completely new idea. Avoiding the polynomial approximation, the basic attitude is to devise two regions from the decaying test response. The first, called the large amplitude response region yields a larger damping, probably due to the large bilge keel vortices that are attracted to the hull flat bottom. The second is the small amplitude response region where the vortices are not attracted to the bottom but travels approximately 45° sidewise. These observations has led to a new approach called the bi-linear approach as discussed in the work after analyzing several （many） model test results. In fact, a new modified bi-linear approach is ultimately proposed after the understanding of a transition region instead of a transition angle.

Current scenario of the genetic testing for rare neurological disorders exploiting next generation sequencing

Next generation sequencing is currently a cornerstone of genetic testing in routine diagnostics,allowing for the detection of sequence variants with so far unprecedented large scale,mainly in genetically heterogenous diseases,such as neurological disorders.It is a fast-moving field,where new wet enrichment protocols and bioinformatics tools are constantly being developed to overcome initial limitations.Despite the as yet undiscussed advantages,however,there are still some challenges in data analysis and the interpretation of variants.In this review,we address the current state of next generation sequencing diagnostic testing for inherited human disorders,particularly giving an overview of the available high-throughput sequencing approaches;including targeted,whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing;and discussing the main critical aspects of the bioinformatic process,from raw data analysis to molecular diagnosis.

Seismic Soil Liquefaction for Deterministic and Probabilistic Approach Based on in <i>Situ</i>Test (CPTU) Data

One of the most devastating effects of earthquakes in the seismic regions is liquefaction. Many research works have been done in this field and at present different methods are available for the liquefaction potential assessment. The liquefaction is a very significant phenomenon in clayey silty soils, silty sands and also sands. The high potential of liquefaction is generally recognized when these type of soils are laid under the hydrostatic water table. This paper make an overview of two different methods for the evaluation of liquefaction potential, and a case study is presented. Two methods presented here are the Deterministic Approach proposed by Robertson and Wride (1998), and the Probabilistic Approach proposed by Moss and co-workers. Case study of the liquefaction potential evaluation is done for the Golem area, where geotechnical data from CPTU test were collected. The results of analysis in the Golem area show that liquefaction has medium susceptibly to occur. From the analyses, it is shown that the Probabilistic Approach gives more accurate information about the risk of liquefaction than the Deterministic Approach.

Effect of the sloping seabed on 3D soil-spudcan interaction using a material point-finite element(MPM-FEM)model

The sloping seabed affects the bearing capacity and failure mechanism of soil,which may compromise the stability and safety of offshore structures such as jack-up platforms.This paper employs a coupled model combining the material point method and finite element method(MPM-FEM)to analyze the impact of sloping seabeds on the three-dimensional soil-spudcan interaction.The MPM-FEM model implements the B¯approach to solve the challenge of volumetric locking due to the incompressibility constraints imposed by yield criterion.It is validated against the centrifuge results.The effects of sloping seabeds on penetration resistance,soil flow pattern,lateral response,stress distribution,and failure mechanism are discussed.The soil mainly undergoes overall failure when the ratio of penetration depth to spudcan diameter(i.e.D P/D)is between 0 and 0.25.As the slope angle increases,the soil on the side of lower slope is expelled further,resulting in an asymmetric stress distribution and a larger horizontal sliding force of soil.When D P/D increases to 0.75,the soil transitions to localized plastic flow failure,and the range of soil flow affected by the spudcan penetration decreases.The results show that,when the slope angle increases,the lateral displacement and stress distribution on the lower slope of a sloping seabed is significantly larger than that of a horizontal seabed,impacting the spudcan and surrounding soil behavior.The study suggests that the seabed slope significantly affects the range of soil flow and failure at shallow penetration,indicating that the slope angle should be taken into account in the design and installation of offshore jack-up rigs,particularly in areas with sloping seabeds.

受梯级枢纽开发影响的汉江中游流量变化研究

为评估汉江中游流量变化情况,选用皇庄水文站1965—2022年共58 a逐日流量数据,按丹江口水库、王甫洲水利枢纽、崔家营航电枢纽、南水北调中线调水工程等重大水利工程的开发时序,将研究时段划分为未受人类活动干扰的基准期和4个典型影响时期,运用Mann-Kendall非参数检验法开展多年流量变化特征分析,采用变化范围法(IHA-RVA)对不同影响时期的流量指标进行分析,并根据各指标的水文改变度及偏移度综合评估汉江中游流量变化情况。结果表明:受丹江口、王甫洲、崔家营、雅口和兴隆等水利工程影响,汉江中游流量出现不同程度的波动,32个IHA指标整体水文改变度达47.46%~63.74%,判断为中度改变。

整合测试与评估方法(IATA)及其应用进展

整合测试与评估方法(IATA)是一种毒理学评估决策的新技术方法,它将化学物质现有的理化特性、动物测试和非动物测试等多种来源的信息源进行整合,通过一系列迭代策略的评估和分析,以获得风险评估结论,可为制定化学物质的风险管理决策提供依据。IATA已在皮肤致敏、眼刺激和遗传毒性等领域得到越来越广泛的应用。本综述简要介绍IATA相关的概念内涵,梳理框架要素和序贯流程,阐释常用的框架构建方法,分享多种暴露场景下的应用案例,并对IATA未来研究方向进行展望,以期为化学物质风险评估提供更好的方法学支撑。

齿轮制造中的残余应力及其对疲劳性能的影响

残余应力对齿轮的疲劳强度及服役寿命有着不可忽视的影响,残余应力对齿轮疲劳强度作用机制的研究对于延长齿轮服役寿命和改善齿轮服役性能具有重要意义。业界对齿轮疲劳中残余应力的影响机制进行了大量的研究,但尚未形成统一的结论。首先,系统地阐述了残余应力的产生机制及调控方法,归纳了现有的残余应力测试方法以及残余应力对齿轮疲劳性能的影响等方面的研究进展。最后,梳理了当前研究中存在的难点,从残余应力的测试技术、量化研究、调控方法等三个方面对未来的研究进行了展望。

路测环境下无人驾驶小巴复杂场景运行评价

以无人驾驶小巴为代表的客运自动驾驶工具在公交微循环中发挥着重要作用,为实现无人驾驶技术的商业化规模运用,除了传统的车辆性能测试外,还需评估其在复杂场景下的表现。由于测试数据缺乏,评价模型适用场景单一和评价方法主观等问题,导致以往评价偏差较大。本文针对无人驾驶小巴的表现构建综合评价体系,并在实测数据的基础上,采用博弈论组合赋权的优劣解距离法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)模型,对车辆在复杂场景下的表现进行综合评价。选取驾驶安全性、乘坐舒适性、车辆智能性及车辆高效性这4个评价维度,并细分为12个客观评价指标。首先,通过实地测试采集无人驾驶小巴在运行场景中的数据;其次,利用基于博弈论的组合赋权法,对层次分析法和熵权法获得的权重进行组合;最后,为验证模型的有效性,运用TOPSIS模型对3条具有不同复杂度的测试路线进行综合评价值的计算。结果显示,无人驾驶小巴表现评价中,准则层的重要程度排序为车辆智能性、驾驶安全性、乘坐舒适性、车辆高效性,指标层敏感指标则为自动驾驶状态、平均角速度。基于博弈论组合赋权的TOPSIS模型对不同场景复杂度路线进行的无人驾驶小巴表现评价结果与实际运行情况一致,展示了方法的有效性。

毒性测试替代方法及其在化妆品安全风险评估中应用进展

随着工业和经济的快速发展,大量化学物质涌现,风险管理难度加大。传统的风险评估主要依赖于动物试验开展毒性测试,然而动物试验周期长,成本高,已无法满足风险评估的现实需求。毒性测试替代技术的日益成熟,标志着快速、灵敏、准确识别化学物质毒性成为可能。本文围绕毒性测试替代方法的研究与应用,综述毒性替代测试方法的背景、发展和国内外研究现状,及其在化妆品安全风险评估领域的应用进展,并对当前我国替代测试技术和风险评估发展过程中存在的问题进行了探讨,为我国化妆品健康风险评估体系建设提供参考。

基于广义Rao检验的单/多比特MIMO雷达运动目标检测方法

通道数的增加在提高多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)雷达目标检测性能的同时,也显著增加了数据的传输量和处理负担。针对运动目标的集中式MIMO雷达检测问题,首先对雷达回波数据进行比特量化,然后再进行融合检测处理。由于广义似然比检验(generalized likelihood ratio test,GLRT)需要对未知参数进行最大似然估计(maximum likelihood estimation,MLE),而上述问题中未知参数的MLE没有闭合解,导致相应的检验统计量的计算量较大。采用了一种新颖的广义Rao(generalized Rao,G-Rao)检验方法,由于不需要求解未知参数的MLE,相应的检验统计量有闭合解,显著降低了检验统计量的计算量。此外,为改善检测性能,运用粒子群优化算法对量化门限进行了优化。最后,实验结果在验证G-Rao检测器有效性的同时,表明:相比单比特量化而言,少量多比特量化在有效降低信号传输和处理负担的同时,其检测性能高于单比特量化方式。

装备测试类专业背景课程思政教学探索

测试类专业背景课程是自动化、测控、机械等工科专业核心专业课程,在深入分析该类课程当前思政教学易发生问题的基础上,依据装备测试类专业背景课程特点,从教学目标、思政挖掘、分布设置等方面分析思政体系化设计思路,从思政切入方法和教学效果评价的角度讨论课程思政可能的实施路径,为促进课程思政建设更加完善、教学效果和质量进一步提升提供参考。

船闸引航道隔流墙物理模型试验优化研究

引航道通航水流条件是航运安全的关键,为研究不同形式隔流墙整流效果,依托浯溪枢纽二线船闸工程,建立定床物理模型通过测量表面流速分布评价船闸通航水流条件,系统地对比研究全实体形式隔流墙、实体与多型透空隔流墙组合、排桩整流等方案的整流效果,并提出排桩与桩基插板隔流墙组合方案。结果表明:延长隔流墙长度可以降低横、纵向流速,有效改善引航道水流条件;合理布置浮式隔流结构可以满足引航道水流条件,整流效果优于全实体隔流墙;排桩方案的整流效果较佳;排桩与桩基插板隔流墙组合方案综合浮式隔流结构、排桩整流技术的优势,在保障整流效果的同时降低了工程造价。

基于船舶操纵仿真试验的弯曲河段复线船闸引航道方案论证和优化

临淮岗复线船闸上游折线形引航道设置警示分隔墩后,下游引航道回流严重、横向流速局部超标。针对安全航行的问题,开展船舶操纵仿真试验。结果表明:上游引航道宽度、转弯半径可满足船舶安全进出闸的需要;曲进直出的折线形引航道布置方案,上行出闸船舶为航行安全的控制工况,在停泊段双排停靠1000吨级船舶时,安全富余较小;两闸之间的警示分隔墩平面布置长度过长对出闸船舶的航行存在不利影响,其纵向布置范围不应与停泊段重叠;下游引航道不超标部分宽度可满足船舶安全航行需要。