Copula functions have been widely used in stochastic simulation and prediction of streamflow.However,existing models are usually limited to single two-dimensional or three-dimensional copulas with the same bivariate b...Copula functions have been widely used in stochastic simulation and prediction of streamflow.However,existing models are usually limited to single two-dimensional or three-dimensional copulas with the same bivariate block for all months.To address this limitation,this study developed a mixed D-vine copula-based conditional quantile model that can capture temporal correlations.This model can generate streamflow by selecting different historical streamflow variables as the conditions for different months and by exploiting the conditional quantile functions of streamflows in different months with mixed D-vine copulas.The up-to-down sequential method,which couples the maximum weight approach with the Akaike information criteria and the maximum likelihood approach,was used to determine the structures of multivariate Dvine copulas.The developed model was used in a case study to synthesize the monthly streamflow at the Tangnaihai hydrological station,the inflow control station of the Longyangxia Reservoir in the Yellow River Basin.The results showed that the developed model outperformed the commonly used bivariate copula model in terms of the performance in simulating the seasonality and interannual variability of streamflow.This model provides useful information for water-related natural hazard risk assessment and integrated water resources management and utilization.展开更多
Both the level 2.5 Mellor-Yamada turbulence closure scheme (MY) and K-profile parameterization (KPP) are popularly used by the ocean modeling community. The MY and the KPP are improved through including the non-br...Both the level 2.5 Mellor-Yamada turbulence closure scheme (MY) and K-profile parameterization (KPP) are popularly used by the ocean modeling community. The MY and the KPP are improved through including the non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing (Bv), and the improved schemes were tested by using continuous data at the Papa ocean weather station (OWS) during 1961-1965. The numerical results showed that the Bv can make the temperature simulations fit much better with the continuous data from Papa Sta- tion. The two improved schemes overcame the shortcomings of predicting too shallow upper mixed layer depth and consequently overheated sea surface temperature during summertime, which are in fact com- mon problems for all turbulence closure models. Statistical analysis showed that the Bv effectively reduced the mean absolute error and root mean square error of the upper layer temperature and increased the corre- lation coefficient between simulation and the observation. Furthermore, the performance of vertical mixing induced by shear instability and the Bv is also compared. Both the temperature structure and its seasonal cycle significantly improved by including the Bv, regardless of whether shear instability was included or not, especially for the KPP mixing scheme, which suggested that Bv played a dominant role in the upper ocean where the mean current was relatively weak, such as at Papa Station. These results may provide a clue to improve ocean circulation models.展开更多
To examine the influence of the structural parameters and working parameters of a double-drum regeneration mixing station on its mixing uniformity,the influence of the discrete element method and response surface meth...To examine the influence of the structural parameters and working parameters of a double-drum regeneration mixing station on its mixing uniformity,the influence of the discrete element method and response surface method on the uniformity of the aggregate mixing when the interaction between two different factors was analyzed.A mathematical model of the influence of various factors and interactions on the coefficient of variation of the aggregates was established.The matching of each parameter was optimized with the goal of minimizing the coefficient of variation.The results show that when the aggregate particle size is different,the significance of each parameter affecting its mixing uniformity is also different.Moreover,increasing the speed and reducing the axial installation angle of the blade can reduce the coefficient of variation of the three aggregates.To obtain a good mixing uniformity,the mixing-arm phase angle when the drum inclination angle is large should be smaller than the phase angle when the drum inclination angle is small,and the mixing of large particles should not be arranged with a large mixing-arm phase angle.With a blade radial installation angle of 38°,a blade axial installation angle of 35°,a drum inclination angle of 6°,a drum rotation speed of 10 r/min,and a mixing-arm phase angle of 32°,the aggregate as a whole can exhibit the best mixing uniformity.展开更多
Reasonable treatment and utilization of waste residuals discharged during the production of ready-mixed concrete is an important problem in the cement industry.In this study,a composite admixture was prepared by using...Reasonable treatment and utilization of waste residuals discharged during the production of ready-mixed concrete is an important problem in the cement industry.In this study,a composite admixture was prepared by using ready-mixed concrete waste residuals,furnace slag,and water granulated slag.The grinding characteristics of such material were investigated.Moreover,the effect of such admixture on cement hydration and pore structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry,scanning electron microcopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry.As shown by the results:The grinding characteristics of the waste residuals can be improved significantly by mixing them with furnace slag and water granulated slag.Furthermore,the composite admixture does not change the composition of hydration products;rather it contributes to refine the pore structure of the matrix,thus improving the mechanical properties of these cement-based materials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52109010)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2021M701047)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX20200113).
文摘Copula functions have been widely used in stochastic simulation and prediction of streamflow.However,existing models are usually limited to single two-dimensional or three-dimensional copulas with the same bivariate block for all months.To address this limitation,this study developed a mixed D-vine copula-based conditional quantile model that can capture temporal correlations.This model can generate streamflow by selecting different historical streamflow variables as the conditions for different months and by exploiting the conditional quantile functions of streamflows in different months with mixed D-vine copulas.The up-to-down sequential method,which couples the maximum weight approach with the Akaike information criteria and the maximum likelihood approach,was used to determine the structures of multivariate Dvine copulas.The developed model was used in a case study to synthesize the monthly streamflow at the Tangnaihai hydrological station,the inflow control station of the Longyangxia Reservoir in the Yellow River Basin.The results showed that the developed model outperformed the commonly used bivariate copula model in terms of the performance in simulating the seasonality and interannual variability of streamflow.This model provides useful information for water-related natural hazard risk assessment and integrated water resources management and utilization.
基金The National Basic Research Program("973"Program)of China under contract No.2010CB950303the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean under contract No.201105019the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2011BAC03B02
文摘Both the level 2.5 Mellor-Yamada turbulence closure scheme (MY) and K-profile parameterization (KPP) are popularly used by the ocean modeling community. The MY and the KPP are improved through including the non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing (Bv), and the improved schemes were tested by using continuous data at the Papa ocean weather station (OWS) during 1961-1965. The numerical results showed that the Bv can make the temperature simulations fit much better with the continuous data from Papa Sta- tion. The two improved schemes overcame the shortcomings of predicting too shallow upper mixed layer depth and consequently overheated sea surface temperature during summertime, which are in fact com- mon problems for all turbulence closure models. Statistical analysis showed that the Bv effectively reduced the mean absolute error and root mean square error of the upper layer temperature and increased the corre- lation coefficient between simulation and the observation. Furthermore, the performance of vertical mixing induced by shear instability and the Bv is also compared. Both the temperature structure and its seasonal cycle significantly improved by including the Bv, regardless of whether shear instability was included or not, especially for the KPP mixing scheme, which suggested that Bv played a dominant role in the upper ocean where the mean current was relatively weak, such as at Papa Station. These results may provide a clue to improve ocean circulation models.
基金The Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province(No.2017JM5077)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant(No.300102259109).
文摘To examine the influence of the structural parameters and working parameters of a double-drum regeneration mixing station on its mixing uniformity,the influence of the discrete element method and response surface method on the uniformity of the aggregate mixing when the interaction between two different factors was analyzed.A mathematical model of the influence of various factors and interactions on the coefficient of variation of the aggregates was established.The matching of each parameter was optimized with the goal of minimizing the coefficient of variation.The results show that when the aggregate particle size is different,the significance of each parameter affecting its mixing uniformity is also different.Moreover,increasing the speed and reducing the axial installation angle of the blade can reduce the coefficient of variation of the three aggregates.To obtain a good mixing uniformity,the mixing-arm phase angle when the drum inclination angle is large should be smaller than the phase angle when the drum inclination angle is small,and the mixing of large particles should not be arranged with a large mixing-arm phase angle.With a blade radial installation angle of 38°,a blade axial installation angle of 35°,a drum inclination angle of 6°,a drum rotation speed of 10 r/min,and a mixing-arm phase angle of 32°,the aggregate as a whole can exhibit the best mixing uniformity.
基金supported by the project of China State Construction Engineering Corporation(CSCEC-2020-Z-39,Zhao,R.X.,https://www.cscec.com.cn/).
文摘Reasonable treatment and utilization of waste residuals discharged during the production of ready-mixed concrete is an important problem in the cement industry.In this study,a composite admixture was prepared by using ready-mixed concrete waste residuals,furnace slag,and water granulated slag.The grinding characteristics of such material were investigated.Moreover,the effect of such admixture on cement hydration and pore structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry,scanning electron microcopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry.As shown by the results:The grinding characteristics of the waste residuals can be improved significantly by mixing them with furnace slag and water granulated slag.Furthermore,the composite admixture does not change the composition of hydration products;rather it contributes to refine the pore structure of the matrix,thus improving the mechanical properties of these cement-based materials.