New technologies in endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) evaluation have been developed because of the need to improve the EUS and EUS-fine needle aspiration(EUS- FNA) diagnostic rate. This paper reviews the principle, indicati...New technologies in endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) evaluation have been developed because of the need to improve the EUS and EUS-fine needle aspiration(EUS- FNA) diagnostic rate. This paper reviews the principle, indications, main literature results, limitations and future expectations for each of the methods presented. Contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS uses a low mechanical index and highlights slowflow vascularization. This technique is useful for differentiating solid and cystic pancreatic lesions and assessing biliary neoplasms, submucosal neoplasms and lymph nodes. It is also useful for the discrimination of pancreatic masses based on their qualitative patterns; however, the quantitative assessment needs to be improved. The detection of small solid lesions is better, and the EUS-FNA guidance needs further research. The differentiation of cystic lesions of the pancreas and the identification of the associated malignancy features represent the main indications. Elastography is used to assess tissue hardness based on the measurement of elasticity. Despite its low negative predictive value, elastography might rule out the diagnosis of malignancy for pancreatic masses. Needle confocal laser endomicroscopy offers useful information about cystic lesions of the pancreas and is still under evaluation for use with solid pancreatic lesions of lymph nodes.展开更多
AIM: To assess the usefulness of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography(CH-EUS) for lymph node metastasis in pancreatobiliary carcinoma.METHODS: All patients suspected of pancreatobiliary carcinoma with...AIM: To assess the usefulness of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography(CH-EUS) for lymph node metastasis in pancreatobiliary carcinoma.METHODS: All patients suspected of pancreatobiliary carcinoma with visible lymph nodes after standard EUS between June, 2009 and January, 2012 were enrolled.In the primary analysis, patients with successful EUSfine needle aspiration(FNA) were included. The lymph nodes were assessed by several standard EUS variables(short and long axis lengths, shape, edge characteristic and echogenicity), color Doppler EUS variable [central intranodal blood vessel(CIV) presence] and CH-EUS variable(heterogeneous/homogeneous enhancement patterns). The diagnostic accuracy relative to EUSFNA was calculated. In the second analysis, N-stage diagnostic accuracy of CH-EUS was compared with EUS-FNA in patients who underwent surgical resection.RESULTS: One hundred and nine patients(143 lymph nodes) fulfilled the criteria. The short axis cutoff ≥ 13 mm predicted malignancy with a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 85%, respectively. These values were 72% and 63% for the long axis cut-off ≥ 20 mm, 62% and 75% for the round shape variable, 81% and 30% for the sharp edge variable, 66% and 61% for the hypoechogenicity variable, 70% and 72% for the CIV-absent variable, and 83% and 91% for the heterogeneous CH-EUS-enhancement variable, respectively. CH-EUS was more accurate than standard and color Doppler EUS, except the short axis cut-off. Notably, three patients excluded because of EUS-FNA failure were correctly N-staged by CH-EUS.CONCLUSION: CH-EUS complements standard and color Doppler EUS and EUS-FNA for assessment of lymph node metastases.展开更多
Objective:To develop the Aspiring-Unaspiring Scale(AUS)and to examine its reliability and validity.Methods:The internal consistency reliability,the test-retest reliablity,the construct validity and empirical validity ...Objective:To develop the Aspiring-Unaspiring Scale(AUS)and to examine its reliability and validity.Methods:The internal consistency reliability,the test-retest reliablity,the construct validity and empirical validity of AUS were examined based on 318 subjects from community.Results:Two factors emerged following factor analysis.The correlations between item scores and the total score ranged from 0.291 to 0.581,and the correlations between the factor score and composites ranged from 0.337 to 0.655.Significant correlations between the AUS and the Affective Scale and Type A Behavioral Scale were found.The stability coefficients and Cronbach’s coefficients of AUS were 0.5247 and 0.6486.Conclusion:The validity and reliability of AUS basically meet the psychometric standard.展开更多
目的探讨超声造影在小肝癌诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析在石家庄市第五医院功能科行超声造影并经穿刺活检病理诊断<1.5 cm病变35例,分析其二维灰阶超声及超声造影特征。结果病灶大小显示,≤1 cm 9个,1.1 cm 5个,1.2 cm 5个,1.3 ...目的探讨超声造影在小肝癌诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析在石家庄市第五医院功能科行超声造影并经穿刺活检病理诊断<1.5 cm病变35例,分析其二维灰阶超声及超声造影特征。结果病灶大小显示,≤1 cm 9个,1.1 cm 5个,1.2 cm 5个,1.3 cm 6个,1.4 cm 10个;其中高回声病变8个,等回声1个,余26个为低回声,伴低回声晕者5个。超声造影显示快进快出18个,快进不出6个,等增强-退出1个,低-等-低增强1个,等增强4个,低-等增强3个,低增强2个。穿刺活检证实血管瘤3个,再生结节3个,不典型增生结节5个,肝细胞癌22个,腺癌1个,胆管细胞癌1个。常规超声及超声造影诊断小肝癌的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为50.4%、66.7%、45.7%及89.6%、66.7%、62.8%。超声造影诊断小肝癌敏感性及准确性明显高于常规超声。结论超声造影能更好显示肝脏小肝癌微血管灌注特征,从而有效地进行良恶性病变的鉴别,大大提高小肝癌甚至微小肝癌的诊断准确率,具有很高的应用价值和发展前景。展开更多
基金National Grant of the Romanian Education Ministry,No.PN-II-PT-PCCA.2O13-4-11O5/2014
文摘New technologies in endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) evaluation have been developed because of the need to improve the EUS and EUS-fine needle aspiration(EUS- FNA) diagnostic rate. This paper reviews the principle, indications, main literature results, limitations and future expectations for each of the methods presented. Contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS uses a low mechanical index and highlights slowflow vascularization. This technique is useful for differentiating solid and cystic pancreatic lesions and assessing biliary neoplasms, submucosal neoplasms and lymph nodes. It is also useful for the discrimination of pancreatic masses based on their qualitative patterns; however, the quantitative assessment needs to be improved. The detection of small solid lesions is better, and the EUS-FNA guidance needs further research. The differentiation of cystic lesions of the pancreas and the identification of the associated malignancy features represent the main indications. Elastography is used to assess tissue hardness based on the measurement of elasticity. Despite its low negative predictive value, elastography might rule out the diagnosis of malignancy for pancreatic masses. Needle confocal laser endomicroscopy offers useful information about cystic lesions of the pancreas and is still under evaluation for use with solid pancreatic lesions of lymph nodes.
基金Supported by Grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and the Japanese Foundation for the Research and Promotion of Endoscopy,No.22590764 and No.25461035
文摘AIM: To assess the usefulness of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography(CH-EUS) for lymph node metastasis in pancreatobiliary carcinoma.METHODS: All patients suspected of pancreatobiliary carcinoma with visible lymph nodes after standard EUS between June, 2009 and January, 2012 were enrolled.In the primary analysis, patients with successful EUSfine needle aspiration(FNA) were included. The lymph nodes were assessed by several standard EUS variables(short and long axis lengths, shape, edge characteristic and echogenicity), color Doppler EUS variable [central intranodal blood vessel(CIV) presence] and CH-EUS variable(heterogeneous/homogeneous enhancement patterns). The diagnostic accuracy relative to EUSFNA was calculated. In the second analysis, N-stage diagnostic accuracy of CH-EUS was compared with EUS-FNA in patients who underwent surgical resection.RESULTS: One hundred and nine patients(143 lymph nodes) fulfilled the criteria. The short axis cutoff ≥ 13 mm predicted malignancy with a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 85%, respectively. These values were 72% and 63% for the long axis cut-off ≥ 20 mm, 62% and 75% for the round shape variable, 81% and 30% for the sharp edge variable, 66% and 61% for the hypoechogenicity variable, 70% and 72% for the CIV-absent variable, and 83% and 91% for the heterogeneous CH-EUS-enhancement variable, respectively. CH-EUS was more accurate than standard and color Doppler EUS, except the short axis cut-off. Notably, three patients excluded because of EUS-FNA failure were correctly N-staged by CH-EUS.CONCLUSION: CH-EUS complements standard and color Doppler EUS and EUS-FNA for assessment of lymph node metastases.
文摘Objective:To develop the Aspiring-Unaspiring Scale(AUS)and to examine its reliability and validity.Methods:The internal consistency reliability,the test-retest reliablity,the construct validity and empirical validity of AUS were examined based on 318 subjects from community.Results:Two factors emerged following factor analysis.The correlations between item scores and the total score ranged from 0.291 to 0.581,and the correlations between the factor score and composites ranged from 0.337 to 0.655.Significant correlations between the AUS and the Affective Scale and Type A Behavioral Scale were found.The stability coefficients and Cronbach’s coefficients of AUS were 0.5247 and 0.6486.Conclusion:The validity and reliability of AUS basically meet the psychometric standard.
文摘目的探讨超声造影在小肝癌诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析在石家庄市第五医院功能科行超声造影并经穿刺活检病理诊断<1.5 cm病变35例,分析其二维灰阶超声及超声造影特征。结果病灶大小显示,≤1 cm 9个,1.1 cm 5个,1.2 cm 5个,1.3 cm 6个,1.4 cm 10个;其中高回声病变8个,等回声1个,余26个为低回声,伴低回声晕者5个。超声造影显示快进快出18个,快进不出6个,等增强-退出1个,低-等-低增强1个,等增强4个,低-等增强3个,低增强2个。穿刺活检证实血管瘤3个,再生结节3个,不典型增生结节5个,肝细胞癌22个,腺癌1个,胆管细胞癌1个。常规超声及超声造影诊断小肝癌的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为50.4%、66.7%、45.7%及89.6%、66.7%、62.8%。超声造影诊断小肝癌敏感性及准确性明显高于常规超声。结论超声造影能更好显示肝脏小肝癌微血管灌注特征,从而有效地进行良恶性病变的鉴别,大大提高小肝癌甚至微小肝癌的诊断准确率,具有很高的应用价值和发展前景。
