Sexual Assault and Its Psychopathological Repercussions in the Life of Female Students in Northeastern Benin (2023)

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychic repercussions of sexual assault among female students in Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 2022 to July 2023 among all students at the University of Parakou. The sampling technique was stratified non-proportional at two levels. The dependent variable was self-reported sexual assault. The psychopathological repercussions linked to sexual assault and explored in these students were: post-traumatic stress disorder assessed with the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 (PCL-5) scale;and current depression screened with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale. Results: A total of 376 female students from the University of Parakou meeting the inclusion criteria were surveyed. The average age of the subjects surveyed was 20.56 ± 2.46 years, with extremes of 16 and 32 years. A predominance of subjects under 25 was observed. The prevalence of sexual assault among female students at the University of Parakou was 10.63%. The types of aggression suffered were mostly rape (18 people;45%) and sexual touching (16 people;40%), and the aggressors were mainly friends/boyfriends (13;32.5%), family members (12;30.0%) and people from the house/neighborhood (9;22.5%). Psychological repercussions included depression in 72.5% (29) of cases, with mild depression in 30% (12), moderate depression in 37.5% (15) and severe depression in 5% (2). Anxiety disorders were present in 27.50% (11) of victims. The risk factors associated with sexual assault in these students were gravidity (p = 0.014;OR = 15.32), unhappy life events (p = 0.01;OR = 17.24), and age of first sexual intercourse (p = 0.016;OR = 4.608). Conclusion: One in ten female students in Parakou has been sexually assaulted. Once again, preventive action through effective sex education is a means of fighting the problem that should be prioritized for every girl and boy from an early age. Psychological support by specialists should be offered to any victim discovered without delay. Communication on the subject should be multiplied in all family and academic educational environments, from the lowest to the highest levels.

Sexual Assault: Epidemiological Profile and Clinical Aspects at the Brazzaville University Hospital Center

Objective: to identify the socio-demographic profile of the alleged victims of sexual assault, to define the characteristics of the aggressors, to describe the types of clinical lesions, and to analyze the link between these different parameters.?During the study period, 5620 clients were admitted to gynecological emergencies, including 150 for sexual assault (2.6%). The alleged victims of aggression were 14 years old on average [range: 2?-?49 years]. Among these clients, there were 147 (98%) women and 3 (2%) men [sex ratio: 0.02]. They had a primary education level of 38%, secondary to 42.7%, and single in 87.2% of cases. Clients came from home (69.3%) or police station (24.7%). The perpetrator was male, with an average age of 25.5 years [range: 16 to 35 years]. Regarding the relationship with the victim, the neighborhood accounted for 83%. The perpetrator was alone in 76.7% of cases, two (14%) or more (16.7%), up to 18.?The aggressor’s home was the place of aggression (39.3%). The threats were made using knives (49.3%) and firearms (8.5%). The perpetrator used either his sex (79.9%), his fingers (34.2%) or an object (2.7%). The route of entry was vaginal (94.6%), anal (21.7%) and oral (10%). The abuser used the condom in 74.7% of cases.?Customers had viewed within 24 hours (40.7%). The general state and hemodynamics at admission was normal for all clients. Physical injuries were injuries (23%) and scrapes (34.5%). External genitalia included perineal tears (28%), vaginal tears (8.6%), hymenal tears (7.3%), and old deflowering (72.7%). The hymen was intact in 20%.?The bi-varied analysis found a correlation with a statistically significant difference in the age range of the alleged victims with the number of aggressors, the time of aggression, the path and type of penetration, and the weapon used for the threat.

Sexual assaults in therapeutic relationships: prevalence, risk factors and consequences

A law has been passed in Germany (paragraph 174c StGB), which prohibits therapists from having sexual contact with their patients. This provides the background for a follow-up survey to the previous study completed by Becker- Fischer and Fischer in 1995. The results of this survey are discussed here on the basis of the current status of research concerning preva- lence and risk factors of sexual assaults in therapeutic relationships. The focus of the re- search lies in determining the specific condi- tions of sexual assaults in psychotherapy and psychiatry, risk variables of the therapists and patients, the effects it has on the patients as well as the legal consequences it results in. To en- sure the comparability of the data, an online version of the Questionnaire about Sexual Con- tacts in Psychotherapy and Psychiatry (SKPP;Becker-Fischer, Fischer & Jerouschek) was cre- ated and a survey of N = 77 affected patients was conducted. The majority of the participants in the study reported a serious decline in their overall well being following the incident. How- ever only very few undertook legal steps - only in three cases did it come to a legal procedure. The assumption that sexual contacts in psy- chotherapy result in extremely damaging con- sequences to patients, was affirmed. Despite the changed legal situation, therapists in Ger- many are still not held legally responsible more often than they were 10 years ago. Based on these results a more intensive education of the patients concerning their legal rights is recom- mended.

Verbal Abuse, Physical Assault, and Harassment in Pediatric Medical Settings: A Nationwide Survey in Japan

Background: Verbal abuse, physical assault, and harassment of pediatric healthcare workers by patients and their families have become increasingly serious. These incidents lead to various problems, including the deterioration of staff members’ mental health and employee turnover. Methods: This study was conducted as the first Japanese nationwide survey to assess the abuse perpetrated by patients and families and experienced by medical staff in pediatric medical settings in 2018, countermeasures employed, and staff member evaluations of the countermeasures. Results: Responses from 526 facilities were received, clinics accounted for 79.8% of these facilities;88.1% of the respondents were females. Further, 10.5% of the facility staff reported having experienced verbal abuse, violence, or harassment from patients or family members. Of 1103 cases of victimizations, there were 719, 136, and 248 cases of verbal abuse, violence, and harassment, respectively. Manuals and guidelines had been created and training and drill performances were conducted as countermeasures in 10.7% and 9.0% of facilities, respectively;7.3% of staff members felt that the countermeasures were effective, corresponding to 45.6% of the affected staff. Conclusion: The findings suggest the necessity of thoroughly familiarizing staff with existing facility countermeasures as well as introducing new countermeasures such as victimization simulations.

Relationship between Level of Knowledge on Anger Control and Occurrence of Real Assaultive Behaviour in Patients (20 - 45 Years) Admitted at a National Referral Psychiatric Hospital in Zimbabwe

Background: Aggressive tendencies from psychiatric inpatients are increasingly becoming problematic at a national referral psychiatric hospital in Zimbabwe. No research has been done in this context to determine the dynamics around this disturbing phenomenon. Objectives: To determine the level of knowledge on anger control, to determine the occurrence of real assaultive behaviour and to examine the relationship between level of knowledge on anger control and occurrence of real assaultive behaviour in patients aged 20 - 45 years admitted at a national referral psychiatric hospital in Zimbabwe. Method: A descriptive correlational design was used. Seventy-six respondents aged between 20 and 45 years were selected using simple random sampling. A structured interview was used to collect data. The occurrence of real assaultive behaviour was adapted from the Staff Observation and Aggression Scale completed by observing patients during the assaultive behaviour occurrence. Patient observation was done by the psychiatric trained nurses who were specifically trained for this study to fill the part of the data collection instrument that needed observation. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Coefficient test and simple regression analysis. Results: Results showed a Pearson coefficient test of (r = -3.47, p Conclusions: Results call for collaboration of mental health practitioners to empower patients with anger control skills.

Epidemiological Clinical Aspects and Medical Management of Sexual Assault in the Region of Ségou in Mali

Introduction: Sexual assault is an act of a sexual nature perpetrated on another person without their consent. Goal: To describe the epidemio-clinical aspects and the medical management of sexual assault in the Segou region. Methodology: This was a retro-prospective descriptive study from September 2010 to September 2018 on the alleged female victims of sexual assault registered in the Gynecology and Obstetrics departments of the hospital and the sanitary quarters of Ségou. Results: We recorded 107 cases of sexual assault out of 47,729 gynecological consultations, representing a hospital prevalence of 0.22%. The victims were between 10 and 15 years old in 48.59% of the cases. Students were the most represented with 53.27% (57/107) of cases. Genito-genital contact was recorded in 90.65% (97/107) of cases. Vulvo-perineal lesions were present in 44.86% (48/107) of survivors. Hymenial deflowering was the most frequent traumatic genital lesion accounting for 43.70% (21/48) of old cases and 27.00% (13/48) of recent cases. Sexual assault was committed by a single individual in 60.75% (65/107) of cases and by a friend of the victim in 21.5% (23/107) of cases. The survivors had consulted within 24 hours of the sexual assault in 53.27% (57/107) of the cases, the treatment was medical in 68.22% (73/107) and medical-surgical in 4.7% (5/107), post-exposure prophylaxis to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was performed in only 26.16% (28/107) of survivors. Conclusion: Sexual assault remains a concern although its frequency is low. This scourge mainly affects children and adolescents, and the lesions are mainly genitals.

Sexual Assault in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Bamako’s 5th Municipality Medical Center

Background: The authors report cases of sexual assault reported to the obstetrics and gynecology department of the Bamako’s 5th municipality medical center during a prospective study of eight months from 1st January to 31st August 31st, 2012. Results: Twenty-one cases of assault were reported out of a total of 13,482 consultations, representing a frequency of 0%, 15%. Most victims were represented by students and accounted 43% of the study population. In 76% of cases the victims knew their assailant. The type of sexual contact was genito-genital vaginal penetration in 67% of cases and the condom was used in only one case. The average time before consultation was 3 days. The preventive ARV treatment was administered in 24% of cases and emergency contraception in 43% of cases. Conclusion: Sexual assault is common in Bamako. The reality is probably underestimated because many cases are not reported. The victims are mostly children and adolescents. The risk of transmission of STIs and HIV is very high during the sexual assault. Education and awareness of the population are essential for early consultation. Training of health workers to care for victims of sexual assault is needed.

可能与现实:元宇宙技术下的网络隔空性侵问题研究

元宇宙相关技术中特别是脑机接口技术的爆发式发展,使得各种网络隔空性侵行为特别是网络性交行为成为现实可能。网络隔空性侵行为的构成要素主要是行为工具(“网络社交平台类”和“远程情趣设备+网络平台”类)、性接触程度(五级)和行为类型(五类)。目前现行刑法对网络隔空性侵行为只能以猥亵类犯罪规制,无法适用强奸罪和负有照护职责人员性侵罪。反思现行刑法对性侵犯罪的规制体系,提出以“性器插入—被插入中心论”的观点来划分性交行为和猥亵行为的界限,建议扩大强奸罪和负有照护职责人员性侵罪的行为对象范围,改强奸罪为强制性交罪。通过构建新的性侵犯罪刑法规制体系,以应对元宇宙技术下各种复杂的网络隔空性侵行为的出现,并以此为契机推动性侵犯罪国际标准的构建。

失败的刑事司法?--性侵犯罪警察侦查比较研究

负责性侵犯罪案件立案、侦查工作的警察,在性侵犯罪实际案发数、犯罪嫌疑人与被害人关系以及被害人报假案等问题上容易出现认知错误,导致其在案件处置过程中倾向于怀疑报案的被害人、不积极侦查或者采取错误的侦查措施。最终结果是性侵犯罪案件在刑事司法系统中的不当耗损情况严重,被害人遭遇二次伤害,刑事司法正义价值的实现大打折扣。警察部门应当构建以被害人为中心的立案、侦查模式,细化工作规则,有效开展犯罪侦查,切实保护性侵犯罪被害人获得刑事司法救济的权利。

两栖攻击舰编队海上航渡对潜防御队形优化配置研究

针对两栖攻击舰编队对潜防御时的队形配置问题,从潜艇对编队的威胁分析入手,建立了潜艇鱼雷极限射距圆模型,通过模型分析与仿真计算,得出了两栖攻击舰应配置在威胁圆圆心稍后位置的结论,并给出了优化位置计算模型;结合潜艇威胁范围与威胁距离模型及警戒舰艇对潜防御范围模型,给出了护航兵力优化配置方法,为两栖攻击舰编队海上航渡时的对潜防御提供了参考。

负有照护职责人员性侵罪的法益厘定与出罪路径研究

负有照护职责人员性侵罪并没有提高未成年女性的性同意年龄,该罪的保护法益是未成年女性的性自主决定权。年龄提高论没有合理依据,身心健康说虽有自己的主张,但是也面临着一些解释困境。性自主决定权意味着14至16周岁的女性即使在面对负有照护职责的人员时仍然具有性自主权,只是在面对这些特定人群时自主权的行使受到一定的限制而已。本罪的出台并不意味着所有负有照护职责的人与被照护人发生性行为就一定会被认定为本罪,因为本罪存在着一定的出罪空间。

未成年男性性权益的刑法保护——对我国《刑法》第236条之一的立法论思考

我国刑事立法对未成年男性的性权益保护存在不均衡、不完整情况。并且学界对于性侵未成年人犯罪的法益尚未达成共识,致使对未成年男性性权益的保护并不完整。基于未成年人的特殊身份以及以性别不同为基础的心理差异,家长主义应当介入未成年男性性权益的保护。根据平等原则以及儿童利益最大化原则的要求,加强未成年男性性权益的保护具有必要性。为实现对未成年男性性权益的周延保护,首先,应将身心健康作为被性侵未成年男性的首要法益;其次,应扩充负有照护职责人员性侵罪的犯罪对象,将男性也纳入本罪保护范围,并将年龄保护区间扩大至14周岁到18周岁;再次,还需增设负有照护职责人员猥亵罪,以完善对未成年男性的保护;最后,应强化未成年男性保护行政、刑事衔接,凝聚法治保护合力。

刑法中幼女规定的体系性思考

刑法仅在强奸罪和引诱幼女卖淫罪中使用“幼女”这一特定措辞,幼女是指不满十四周岁的女性。近年来,理论关于幼女规范体系的不同解读,造成法律条文相矛盾的局面。有赖于基于规范文本的体系化思考,使刑法条文相协调。幼女保护年龄法定区间的划分,既量化了法律后果,也蕴含着相应的法律价值和政策考量。相较于已满十四周岁不满十六周岁的未成年女性,幼女无性同意能力具有绝对性。刑法中的幼女与妇女具有不同的内涵与外延,将妇女解释为包含幼女属于类推解释,可能招致错释一条进而错释一片的严重后果,奸淫被拐卖的幼女应以拐卖儿童罪和强奸罪并罚。废除嫖宿幼女罪与保留引诱幼女卖淫罪并不冲突,卖淫幼女污名化的话语体系应被推翻。

袭警罪的出罪路径研究

司法实践中袭警罪适用范围过于宽泛。为了区分袭警罪罪与非罪及其与妨害公务罪的界线,需要从袭警罪的客体、客观方面以及主体要件,开展袭警罪出罪研究。未同时侵害人民警察执法权益和人身权益的行为、不具有突然性和意外性的攻击行为、发生在警察执行公务尚未开始或已经完成时的袭警行为均不构成袭警罪。袭警罪的暴力仅限于直接对人身体不法行使有形力的狭义暴力。暴力袭击单独行动的辅警和超出职权范围行使职务的辅警,不构成袭警罪;醉酒者袭警不宜定袭警罪,可定其他罪名。

数字化转型、信息透明度与权益资本成本

本研究基于2009年至2021年中国上市公司数据,实证分析数字化转型对企业权益资本成本的影响。通过实证分析研究发现,企业数字化转型能够显著降低权益资本成本。进一步分析发现,信息透明度在企业数字化转型与权益资本成本之间起部分中介效应。通过研究数字化转型与权益资本成本的作用机制,为企业治理与合理配置资源提供借鉴。

陆军空中突击部队索降训练伤现状及影响因素分析

目的调查分析陆军空中突击部队索降训练伤的发生情况及危险因素,为训练伤的防控提供依据。方法本研究采用病例-对照研究设计方案,于2022年9月对某部官兵进行训练伤问卷调查。统计索降训练伤的发生情况及特点,根据是否存在训练伤将被试者分为训练伤组与对照组。从两组被试者一般情况、身体素质、训练前受伤及训练后受伤情况等方面分析索降训练伤的危险因素。结果本研究纳入数据分析303例,其中索降训练伤发生115例(训练伤组,37.95%),对照组188例。训练伤高发部位依次为踝关节(19.72%)、膝关节(15.49%)和腕关节(13.15%)。Logistic回归分析显示军龄(95%CI:1.011~1.209,P=0.028)、独生子(95%CI:1.541~4.578,P=0.000)、仰卧起坐成绩(95%CI:0.922~0.970,P=0.000)和3000 m跑成绩(95%CI:1.001~1.010,P=0.029)是索降训练伤发生的独立危险因素。结论独生子、核心肌力和有氧耐力不足以及较年长的空中突击部队官兵更易发生索降训练伤。

两栖装甲车水上运动仿真平台开发与应用研究

为设计及验证两栖装甲突击车大风浪条件下的火控算法,需要开发其实时仿真平台。传统单刚体车辆动力学模型无法反映车体-炮塔-炮管间复杂的动力学耦合关系,不适合于高动态特性的火控仿真。使用twist-wrench方法建立了车辆的多刚体动力学模型,根据车体与视景中生成的海浪之间的运动关系计算浮力和水动力,水动力系数则事先通过计算流体力学方法得出。以一种滑模控制器为例验证了此系统作为火控算法开发及验证平台的有效性。

处警遇短刀突袭的实战化防控战术研究

近年来,利器暴力袭警成为一线民警群体伤亡的重要表征,而处警遇短刀突袭的危险警情是造成一线民警致死致伤的主要原因。通过分析处警遇短刀突袭的特点与类型,针对处警遇短刀突袭的常见问题,探讨一线民警在处警遇短刀突袭时的防控战术。从遇袭防控战术理念、遇袭防控技能构成和常见遇袭警情的防控战术等三个方面构建实战化防控战术。

侵害未成年人案件学校强制报告制度的反思与重构

考察分析侵害未成年人案件强制报告典型案例,发现学校强制报告制度存在义务主体范围不明、受理部门不清、责任机制难以适用的问题。制度的完善首先要明确义务主体囊括所有工作人员且责任需落实到个人,可通过线索归口管理制度强化学校强制报告制度的可操作性。应建立专门的未成年人保护机构,以实现案件的统一受理和对未成年被害人的综合性保护。责任机制方面应取消“造成严重后果”的条件,细化行政责任、审慎追究刑事责任、引入民事责任。