To safely and sustainably utilize genetic breeding techniques for crop production, greater understanding of the potential effects of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant（GMHT） crops on the ecological functions of...To safely and sustainably utilize genetic breeding techniques for crop production, greater understanding of the potential effects of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant（GMHT） crops on the ecological functions of predators is required. In the laboratory, we examined the functional and numerical responses of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter to eggs of brown planthopper（BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens（St？l）, which were reared on GMHT rice Bar68-1; the untransformed parental cultivar, D68; or a BPH-susceptive rice variety, Taichung Native 1. All stages of nymphs and female adult of C. lividipennis, either on GMHT rice or control plants, exhibited typical type II functional responses when fed on BPH eggs; the attacking rate and handling time of C. lividipennis on GMHT rice Bar68-1 was not significantly different from that on D68. The numerical responses of C. lividipennis on GMHT rice or controls fit Beddington＇s model; there were no significant differences in the parameters of numerical responses between GMHT rice Bar68-1 and D68. The results indicated that the functional and numerical responses of C. lividipennis to BPH eggs are not affected by GMHT rice Bar68-1.展开更多
Historic environments represent the evolution of materials and techniques that have been used for the construction these environments over the centuries.Entering into the study of this field entails working not only o...Historic environments represent the evolution of materials and techniques that have been used for the construction these environments over the centuries.Entering into the study of this field entails working not only on the crafts that have constructed these environ ments but also on the people who made,used,and reinterpreted them by learning about the craftsmen and the idiosyncrasies of the place.The study has adopted several methodologies as referenee to examine the material and cultural reality of the rural region of Valencia,Spain.Through the adaptation of in ter national methodologies,researchers have carried out a digital database that compiles and maps out the results of the Local Character Assessment of ten Histotiric Urban Cores by incorporating the historical,architectural,and social values to reinforce the Territorial Heritage Action Plan.One of the critical innovations adopted by this form of assessment is the compulsory integration of tangible and intangible heritage through the active involvement of users and makers.Another innovation is to understand the values behind the dynamism and transformation of historic sites.Hence,this study advances theory and practice on the transmission of knowledge among artisans,researchers,and the population and how con temporary practices help acquire new meani ngs that overlap the past ones.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31160365 and 31360437)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest in China (201403031 and 201303017)+2 种基金the Research Funds from Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China (2014YP08 and 2014JZ07)the Program for Specially Hired Expert in Guangxi,Chinathe International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2012DFA31220)
文摘To safely and sustainably utilize genetic breeding techniques for crop production, greater understanding of the potential effects of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant（GMHT） crops on the ecological functions of predators is required. In the laboratory, we examined the functional and numerical responses of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter to eggs of brown planthopper（BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens（St？l）, which were reared on GMHT rice Bar68-1; the untransformed parental cultivar, D68; or a BPH-susceptive rice variety, Taichung Native 1. All stages of nymphs and female adult of C. lividipennis, either on GMHT rice or control plants, exhibited typical type II functional responses when fed on BPH eggs; the attacking rate and handling time of C. lividipennis on GMHT rice Bar68-1 was not significantly different from that on D68. The numerical responses of C. lividipennis on GMHT rice or controls fit Beddington＇s model; there were no significant differences in the parameters of numerical responses between GMHT rice Bar68-1 and D68. The results indicated that the functional and numerical responses of C. lividipennis to BPH eggs are not affected by GMHT rice Bar68-1.
基金supported by the Ministerio de Cultura,Educacion y Deportes y el Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural en Espana under Grant CUL/1.A4/2018 y la Generalitat Valenciana under Grant GV/2017/100.
文摘Historic environments represent the evolution of materials and techniques that have been used for the construction these environments over the centuries.Entering into the study of this field entails working not only on the crafts that have constructed these environ ments but also on the people who made,used,and reinterpreted them by learning about the craftsmen and the idiosyncrasies of the place.The study has adopted several methodologies as referenee to examine the material and cultural reality of the rural region of Valencia,Spain.Through the adaptation of in ter national methodologies,researchers have carried out a digital database that compiles and maps out the results of the Local Character Assessment of ten Histotiric Urban Cores by incorporating the historical,architectural,and social values to reinforce the Territorial Heritage Action Plan.One of the critical innovations adopted by this form of assessment is the compulsory integration of tangible and intangible heritage through the active involvement of users and makers.Another innovation is to understand the values behind the dynamism and transformation of historic sites.Hence,this study advances theory and practice on the transmission of knowledge among artisans,researchers,and the population and how con temporary practices help acquire new meani ngs that overlap the past ones.
