Digital Twins for Engineering Asset Management:Synthesis,Analytical Framework,and Future Directions

Effective engineering asset management(EAM)is critical to economic development and improving livability in society,but its complexity often impedes optimal asset functionalities.Digital twins(DTs)could revolutionize the EAM paradigm by bidirectionally linking the physical and digital worlds in real time.There is great industrial and academic interest in DTs for EAM.However,previous review studies have predominately focused on technical aspects using limited life-cycle perspectives,failing to holistically synthesize DTs for EAM from the managerial point of view.Based on a systematic literature review,we introduce an analytical framework for describing DTs for EAM,which encompasses three levels:DT 1.0 for technical EAM,DT 2.0 for technical-human EAM,and DT 3.0 for technical-environmental EAM.Using this framework,we identify what is known,what is unknown,and future directions at each level.DT 1.0 addresses issues of asset quality,progress,and cost management,generating technical value.It lacks multi-objective self-adaptive EAM,however,and suffers from high application cost.It is imperative to enable closed-loop EAM in order to provide various functional services with affordable DT 1.0.DT 2.0 accommodates issues of human-machine symbiosis,safety,and flexibility management,generating managerial value beyond the technical performance improvement of engineering assets.However,DT 2.0 currently lacks the automation and security of human-machine interactions and the managerial value related to humans is not prominent enough.Future research needs to align technical and managerial value with highly automated and secure DT 2.0.DT 3.0 covers issues of participatory governance,organization management,sustainable development,and resilience enhancement,generating macro social value.Yet it suffers from organizational fragmentation and can only address limited social governance issues.Numerous research opportunities exist to coordinate different stakeholders.Similarly,future research opportunities exist to develop DT 3.0 in a more open and complex system.

Reflections and Improvements on China’s Asset-Backed Securities Information Disclosure System

Asset-backed securities are developed through complex processes such as asset restructuring and credit enhancement.Therefore,the information asymmetry between issuers and investors is greater compared to traditional securities,which imposes higher requirements on information disclosure for asset-backed securities.Asset-backed securities have characteristics such as diversified disclosers,differentiated disclosure content,and specialized risk factors.China has already formulated a series of rules and regulations regarding information disclosure of asset-backed securities.It is imperative to develop specialized laws and regulations for asset-backed securities,encompass original equity holders and credit enhancement agencies as information disclosers,incorporate information such as underlying asset details,cash flow projections,and credit ratings and enhancements into the disclosure content,and improve the legal liability rules to effectively address false disclosures.

Construction of Value-Creation Oriented Carbon Assets Management System of Oil Companies

As climate change draws more attention globally,the development of low-carbon economy has become an inevitable choice for mankind to achieve sustainable development.The increasingly strict control of carbon emission is making carbon emission rights a scarce resource and endowing the rights with the attributes of assets and commodities.China has announced the goal of“carbon emission peaking before 2030 and carbon neutralization before 2060”.Responding to this goal,as major carbon emitters,oil companies play the role of a driving force for green and low-carbon development.Carbon assets management is a key path for oil companies to achieve emission reduction goals and low-carbon transformation.However,the carbon assets management of China’s oil companies is still in the initial stage,with the system and regulations not yet sound,and the management process not yet closed loop.First the modes and experiences of carbon assets management in major international oil companies is introduced.Then the objective logical relationship and linkage laws between carbon assets management and enterprise value creation are comprehensively analyzed by integrating the basic theories of economics and management.On this basis,a value-creation oriented carbon assets management system for oil companies is constructed,mainly covering aspects such as enterprise strategy,control mechanisms,carbon inventory,and management modes.

Blockchain and Digital Transformation of University Asset Management

As educational activities realize value transmission and value realization through a digital form, the Digital transformation of universities continues to advance. The quantity of asset data continues to grow, with internal value reflected in education, management, and services, while external value is reflected in policies, resources and reputation. Therefore, effective management of university assets is particularly important. Blockchain is an important infrastructure for Digital transformation, which provides a trusted environment for the occurrence of various collaborations and will reshape many collaboration mechanisms. This paper discusses the current situation and problems faced by universities in the process of Digital transformation. We analyze the development opportunities brought about by Digital transformation and the specific problems faced by physical asset management in detail. We discuss the data platform optimization, asset data application, digital asset security, planning strategy, and construction path of digital transformation involved in the physical asset management of universities.

Research on Audit Risks in the Recognition of Data Assets on Financial Statements

This paper explores the audit risks associated with the recognition of data assets on financial statements,focusing on the complexities arising from their replicability,unique valuation patterns,and contextual dependencies.It identifies major misstatement risks at both the financial statement and assertion levels,including the potential for management to exaggerate data asset values,uncertainties in valuation methods,and deficiencies in data governance and internal controls.Additionally,auditors’lack of professional knowledge and inappropriate audit methods can lead to inspection risks.The paper emphasizes the urgent need for enhanced accounting standards for data assets,effective guidelines for their recognition and measurement,and robust internal controls.Furthermore,it advocates for the exploration of effective valuation methods and the incorporation of advanced technologies,such as big data and AI,into auditing practices.By improving auditor training and methodologies,organizations can better manage the inherent risks associated with data asset auditing.

A World of Ice and Snow Being also Invaluable Asset:A Case Study of the"Snow Village"

Based on field visit and interview,the current situation of snow village in China is summarized from four aspects:core scenic spots in snow village,skiing industry in snow village,film and television industry in snow village,and ice and snow agritainment.The investigation found that there are still significant problems in homogenization,scenic area infrastructure,and government regulation in snow village.Targeted solutions are proposed from four aspects:tapping internal advantages,strengthening top-level design and infrastructure construction,promoting tourism industry upgrading,and collaborating to innovate the ice and snow tourism supply chain,in order to further promote the economic development of snow village.

A Study on the Internal Control and Countermeasures of Fixed Assets in Private Universities:A Case Study of N College

Fixed assets in universities occupy an important position in university management due to their wide coverage and large amount of money.Due to insufficient funding supply,private universities mainly focus on the allocation and utilization of fixed assets,which reflects the overall characteristics of cautious allocation,maximum utilization,and delayed elimination in the actual management of fixed assets.This article aims to conduct research and analysis on the entire lifecycle process of the allocation,use,and disposal of fixed assets in private universities,summarize the problems existing in the internal control of fixed assets in private universities,and propose corresponding countermeasures and suggestions in a targeted manner.

Exploration of the Talent Cultivation Model for the Integration of Industry and Education in University Asset Evaluation

During the 14th Five Year Plan period,the main task of talent team construction in China’s asset appraisal industry was to develop innovative talent training models.Therefore,this article focuses on the talent cultivation model of integrating industry and education in asset evaluation in universities,systematically summarizes the theoretical and practical significance of research on asset evaluation talent cultivation models in universities,and explores the construction measures of asset evaluation talent cultivation models based on the integration of industry and education that meet social needs and the development of the times[1].At the same time,the strategy of constructing a deep integration talent training system was explored,guided by the integration of industry and education,to cultivate asset evaluation composite talents with strong practical skills.The aim is to provide a reference for improving the quality of asset evaluation professionals in China and promoting the development of asset evaluation talent training models.

Track Bed Total Route Evaluation for Track Renewals&Asset Management“A Network Rail Perspective”

Over the last 10 years there have been significant developments and improvements in the understanding of railway track bed in the UK and its relationship and impact on track quality,ballast life and maintenance following track renewals.This paper aims to describe the process adopted by Network Rail for track bed investigation and design which offers Network Rail optimum design solutions and value for money from an investigation and construction perspective,balancing design with possession availability to maximise construction output.It also describes innovative investigation and construction techniques that have been developed over the last 5 years maximising the use of rail mounted asset condition data collection systems which run at line speed,allowing targeted investigations and in some case removing the requirements for physical site investigation.It also allows Network Rail to predict sections of track bed which may be affected by line speed increases which would cause the track bed to fail prematurely or,retain its ability to maintain good track geometry post line speed increase.These problems can manifest themselves as stiffness related problems such as critical velocity issues(surface wave velocity,Rayleigh Wave velocity)or,sub-grade erosion resulting in high rates of deterioration in the vertical track geometry.The paper also describes the development and installation process for Enhanced Axial Micropiles to address stiffness related track bed problems whilst leaving the track in-situ a technique which is new to the UK railways.

Asset在软件过程改进中的应用

目前CMM模型提出了软件过程改进的标准,但是如何去实施呢。该文针对CMM二级评估中部分Asset在软件过程改进中的建立和使用,阐述了Asset的应用,分析了其重点和难点,为同行在进行软件过程改进提供了参考。

ASSET联合EPI-DWI技术在脑梗死中的应用探讨

目的探讨并行采集技术(ASSET)联合平面回波扩散加权像(EPI-DWI)技术在脑梗死中的应用。资料与方法搜集40例脑梗死患者资料,均行T1WI、T2WI、ASSET-EPI-DWI及EPI-DWI扫描。比较分析ASSET-EPI-DWI及EPI-DWI对脑梗死灶显示图像质量和表观扩散系数(ADC)值。结果(1)ASSET-EPI-DWI的对比噪声比(CNR)均值高于对应EPI-DWI(t=6.327,P=0.0001)。(2)ASSET-EPI-DWI丘脑的ADC值均高于对应EPI-DWI的ADC值(t=10.494,P=0.0001);其梗死灶/对侧的脑组织ADC值的比值均大于对应EPI-DWI的ADC值的比值(t=4.844,P=0.0001)。(3)与EPI-DWI相比,ASSET-DWI序列的病灶清晰显示率高(EPI-DWI:80%,ASSET-DWI:100%,P<0.05)。结论ASSET-EPI-DWI技术不但具有成像时间短的优势,而且图像质量较高,正常的ADC值及病灶与对侧脑组织的比值有助于对脑梗死临床分期诊断,在脑梗死诊断中的应用优于EPI-DWI技术。

ASSET-DW-FLAIR系列对急性脑梗死的诊断价值

目的探讨ASSET-DW-FLAIR系列对急性脑梗死的诊断价值与临床意义。方法共60例确诊急性脑梗死患者,患者均进行常规头颅MRI检查系列(T1加权、T2加权、FLAIR-T2WI、DWI)及ADFLAIR检查扫描;对这60例头颅MRI检查的成功率进行分析。结果 60例急性脑梗死患者在ASSET-DW-FLAIR系列图像中,其ASSET-EPI-DWI图与常规DWI比较,病灶数目相同,位于颅底的病灶信号相对较低;在DW-FLAIR与常规FLAIR比较中,位于颅顶部DW-FLAIR梗死灶信号较常规FLAIR梗死灶信号稍高,梗死灶数目上DW-FLAIR为36个,常规FLAIR为34个,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);在颅底的梗死灶中,DWI-FLAIR系列显示的梗死灶为23个,常规FLAIR为26个,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而检查时间明显缩小。结论 ASSET-DW-FLAIR能有效的检查出急性脑梗死,并能缩短患者检查时间,更快速为临床诊断急性脑梗死提供影像学证据,为临床科室诊疗赢得时间。

The research of the intangible assets’ influence to listed companies in China

As the development of the social marketing in China,intangible asset has been highly valued.While in China,this step of improving the intangible asset is just beginning.In 2006,the intangible asset was been modified in the new <Corporate Accounting Standard>.It is connected with the international accounting system.Therefore,the intangible asset is the essential point in the company’s success.The essay will study through the accounting problems of intangible asset to analysis that the importance of intangible asset in Chinese companies and the problems that companies should take care of.

Household and Community Assets and Farmers' Adaptation to Extreme Weather Event:the Case of Drought in China

Under climate change, rising frequency and serious extreme weather events have challenged agricultural production. Designing appropriate adaptation measures to the extreme weather events require rigorous and empirical analysis. The overall goals of this study are to understand physical adaptation measures taken by farmers and the impacts of household and community assets on farmers＇ adaptation when they face drought. The analyses are based on a unique data set collected from a household survey in three provinces in China. The survey results show that though not common on annual basis, some farmers did use physical adaptation measures to fight drought. Regression analysis reveals that both household and community assets significantly affect farmers＇ adaptation behaviors. Improving households＇ social capital and wealth, communities＇ network and access to government＇s anti-drought service can facilitate farmers＇ adaptation to drought. Results indicate that community＇s irrigation infrastructure and physical adaptation taken by farmers can substitute each other. Further analysis shows that the households taking adaptation measures have higher crop yields than those without taking these measures. The paper concludes with several policy implications.

THE SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM, NON-EXPECTEDUTILITY AND ASSET PRICING

This paper investigates testable restrictions on the time-series behavior of consumption and asset returns implied by a representative agent model with the spirit of capitalism in which intertemporal preference is represented by a utility function that generalizes conventional, time-additive, expected utility. In the recursive structure of preference, the author examines the implication for cosumptions, portfolio holdings, and stock-market prices when investors accumulate wealth not only for the sake of consumption but also for wealth-induced social status. When investors care about relative social status, the propensity to consume and risk-taking behavior will depend on social standards, and stock prices will be volatible. Hence, the spirit of capitalism seems to be a driving force behind stock-market volatility and economic growth. Because the elasticity df substitution and the coefficient of relative risk aversion are independent and the spirit of capitalism is introduced, the equity premium puzzle can be partially explained in the model.

Path of the Information Asymmetry of Asset Backed Securitization—Information Game Analysis of Embedded Block Chain Technology

In recent years, the rapid innovation and development of financial industry has made financial enterprises have a lot of information. However, the large amount of information is tampered with and fragmented, which cannot be shared. With the constant innovation of science and technology, it is the most effective way to solve the information lag and asymmetry of financial products. This article aims to start from the problem of asymmetric information of financial products, the analysis of the emerging block chain technology applied in the financial sector, and with the development of asset securitization information known as the typical scenario for the first time, a concrete analysis information game process, and discuss about the application of chain blocks in securitization feasibility.

A new test on the conditional capital asset pricing model

Testing the validity of the conditional capital asset pricing model （CAPM） is a puzzle in the finance literature. Lewellen and Nagel[14] find that the variation in betas and in the equity premium would have to be implausibly large to explain important asset-pricing anomalies. Unfortunately, they do not provide a rigorous test statistic. Based on a simulation study, the method proposed in Lewellen and Nagel[14] tends to reject the null too frequently. We develop a new test procedure and derive its limiting distribution under the null hypothesis. Also, we provide a Bootstrap approach to the testing procedure to gain a good finite sample performance. Both simulations and empirical studies show that our test is necessary for making correct inferences with the conditional CAPM.

Life-cycle cost model and evaluation system for power grid assets based on fuzzy membership degree

Life-cycle cost(LCC)theory can be effectively applied to improve the efficiency and quality of power plant equipment and asset management.However,specific aspects of the LCC calculation and evaluation model require further research for practical application.This paper proposes an LCC assessment model for the management of electric power plant equipment during its service life.A membership function method based on fuzzy logic is used to improve the allocation of modernization and overhaul projects to multiple equipment assets.An LCC assessment model and evaluation system for power equipment are proposed and successfully applied to the equipment and project management of a Guangzhou power plant in the China Southern Power Grid,providing a decision-making mechanism that facilitates efficient operation and optimal utilization of power plant equipment and assets.

A Framework for Systematic Classification of Assets for Security Testing

Over the last decade,a significant increase has been observed in the use of web-based Information systems that process sensitive information,e.g.,personal,financial,medical.With this increased use,the security of such systems became a crucial aspect to ensure safety,integrity and authenticity of the data.To achieve the objectives of data safety,security testing is performed.However,with growth and diversity of information systems,it is challenging to apply security testing for each and every system.Therefore,it is important to classify the assets based on their required level of security using an appropriate technique.In this paper,we propose an asset security classification technique to classify the System Under Test(SUT)based on various factors such as system exposure,data criticality and security requirements.We perform an extensive evaluation of our technique on a sample of 451 information systems.Further,we use security testing on a sample extracted from the resulting prioritized systems to investigate the presence of vulnerabilities.Our technique achieved promising results of successfully assigning security levels to various assets in the tested environments and also found several vulnerabilities in them.

Evolution of China's Financial Asset Mix from 1991 to 2007

In 1996,the first author of this essay manifested that financial assets structure of China,which was then dominated by indirect financing,had led to many problems in the economy.After more than ten years of financial reform,has the financial assets structure been improved?Can the existing financial assets structure accommodate the development of Chinese economy?This paper tries to answer the above questions by reanalyzing the current financial structure in China.It is found that the financial asset structure of China has experienced obvious improvement.Meanwhile the new structure has brought some new problems which ought to be resolved by further improvement of monetary market and capital market.In the coming ten years,the optimal path for the development of China’s financial market is through twoway opening.