In order to deal with the complex association relationships between classes in an object-oriented software system,a novel approach for identifying refactoring opportunities is proposed.The approach can be used to dete...In order to deal with the complex association relationships between classes in an object-oriented software system,a novel approach for identifying refactoring opportunities is proposed.The approach can be used to detect complex and duplicated many-to-many association relationships in source code,and to provide guidance for further refactoring.In the approach,source code is first transformed to an abstract syntax tree from which all data members of each class are extracted,then each class is characterized in connection with a set of association classes saving its data members.Next,classes in common associations are obtained by comparing different association classes sets in integrated analysis.Finally,on condition of pre-defined thresholds,all class sets in candidate for refactoring and their common association classes are saved and exported.This approach is tested on 4 projects.The results show that the precision is over 96%when the threshold is 3,and 100%when the threshold is 4.Meanwhile,this approach has good execution efficiency as the execution time taken for a project with more than 500 classes is less than 4 s,which also indicates that it can be applied to projects of different scales to identify their refactoring opportunities effectively.展开更多
Industry association is an important part of China's economic and social life, which plays an important role in these areas. However, due to various reasons, there exist some objective difficulties and problems for i...Industry association is an important part of China's economic and social life, which plays an important role in these areas. However, due to various reasons, there exist some objective difficulties and problems for industry associations. In March 2013, Chinese government requires to clear relationship between govemment~ market and society, actively yet prudently carry forward the work of canceling the subordinate relations between industry associations and administrative organs, speed up the construction of modem social organizational system that is independent of government, and with well defined rights and responsibilities and self-governing by law. In such a background, it is especially necessary to deeply analyze the role definition of industry association and administrative organ, discuss how to clarify the role relationship between industry association and administrative organ, and consider how to promote the better and faster development of industry association. This paper has briefly introduced the development status and existing problems of industry association, and put forward relevant measures and suggestions to solve the problems.展开更多
This paper analyzes the loan exit on relationship lending in China. We define the relationship lending and analyze the value that both banks and borrowers will obtain in relationship lending, as well as some risks the...This paper analyzes the loan exit on relationship lending in China. We define the relationship lending and analyze the value that both banks and borrowers will obtain in relationship lending, as well as some risks they will face, and then analyze the behaviors of loans exit with game theory. Our results suggest that, in general, relationship lending is helpful for the commercial banks and the enterprises to communicate information and enhance financing efficiency, while in the loan exit gaming, only when the decision of loan exit is made authentic promised by the banks, can the relationship lending effectively exert their positive function, and maintain the health cooperation between borrowers and lenders.展开更多
背景:膝骨关节炎是一种常见的关节软骨及周围组织损伤的慢性炎症性疾病,而免疫细胞在膝骨关节炎免疫炎症反应中起到重要作用,但其中的具体机制仍有待深入研究。目的:采用孟德尔随机化方法来评估731种免疫细胞表型与膝骨关节炎风险之间...背景:膝骨关节炎是一种常见的关节软骨及周围组织损伤的慢性炎症性疾病,而免疫细胞在膝骨关节炎免疫炎症反应中起到重要作用,但其中的具体机制仍有待深入研究。目的:采用孟德尔随机化方法来评估731种免疫细胞表型与膝骨关节炎风险之间的潜在因果关系。方法:使用全基因组关联分析(GWAS)目录中公开获取731种免疫细胞表型的全基因组关联分析统计数据(从GCST0001391到GCST0002121)和IEUGWAS数据库中膝骨关节炎的全基因组关联分析数据(ebi-a-GCST007090)。采用逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法、加权模型法和简单模型法来研究免疫细胞与膝骨关节炎之间的因果关系。敏感性分析用于检验孟德尔随机化分析结果是否可靠,然后以同样方法进行反向孟德尔随机化分析。结果与结论:①正向分析结果表明,共有4种免疫细胞表型与膝骨关节炎有显著的因果关系(FDR<0.20),其中B细胞中的CD27 on CD24+CD27+(OR=1.026,P=0.00026,Pfdr=0.18)、髓系细胞中的CD33 on CD33dim HLA DR-(OR=1.014,P=0.00050,Pfdr=0.18)以及Treg细胞中的CD45RA+CD28-CD8br%CD8br(OR=1.001,P=0.00078,Pfdr=0.18)与膝骨关节炎风险呈直接的正向因果关联;单核细胞中PDL-1 on monocyte(OR=0.952,P=0.00098,Pfdr=0.18)与膝骨关节炎风险呈直接的负向因果关联。②反向分析结果表明,当膝骨关节炎作为暴露数据时,与731种免疫细胞表型均不具有显著因果关系(FDR<0.20)。③敏感性分析结果显示:双向孟德尔随机化的Cochran’s Q检验和MR-Egger回归法结果P值均大于0.05,表明免疫细胞表型与膝骨关节炎之间的因果效应分析不存在显著的异质性和多效性。④上述结果证实,CD27 on CD24+CD27+,CD33 on CD33dim HLA DR-,CD45RA+CD28-CD8br%CD8br以及PDL-1 on monocyte免疫细胞表型与膝骨关节炎之间可能具有较为显著的潜在因果关系,这为研究膝骨关节炎的生物学机制及探索膝骨关节炎的早期防治提供有价值的线索,也为干预性药物的开发提供了新的方向。展开更多
This study determined the effects of selenium on the growth of Fusorium strains and the effects of products extracted from the fungal cultures on relevant indicators of chondrocytes injury.
BACKGROUND Previous research has highlighted correlations between blood cell counts and chronic liver disease.Nonetheless,the causal relationships remain unknown.AIM To evaluate the causal effect of blood cell traits ...BACKGROUND Previous research has highlighted correlations between blood cell counts and chronic liver disease.Nonetheless,the causal relationships remain unknown.AIM To evaluate the causal effect of blood cell traits on liver enzymes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)risk.METHODS Independent genetic variants strongly associated with blood cell traits were extracted from a genome-wide association study(GWAS)conducted by the Blood Cell Consortium.Summary-level data for liver enzymes were obtained from the United Kingdom Biobank.NAFLD data were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis(8434 cases and 770180 controls,discovery dataset)and the Fingen GWAS(2275 cases and 372727 controls,replication dataset).This analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted method,followed by various sensitivity analyses.RESULTS One SD increase in the genetically predicted haemoglobin concentration(HGB)was associated with aβof 0.0078(95%CI:0.0059-0.0096),0.0108(95%CI:0.0080-0.0136),0.0361(95%CI:0.0156-0.0567),and 0.0083(95%CI:00046-0.0121)for alkaline phosphatase(ALP),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase,and gammaglutamyl transferase,respectively.Genetically predicted haematocrit was associated with ALP(β=0.0078,95%CI:0.0052-0.0104)and ALT(β=0.0057,95%CI:0.0039-0.0075).Genetically determined HGB and the reticulocyte fraction of red blood cells increased the risk of NAFLD[odds ratio(OR)=1.199,95%CI:1.087-1.322]and(OR=1.157,95%CI:1.071-1.250).The results of the sensitivity analyses remained significant.CONCLUSION Novel causal blood cell traits related to liver enzymes and NAFLD development were revealed through Mendelian randomization analysis,which may facilitate the diagnosis and prevention of NAFLD.展开更多
背景:观察性研究表明,他汀类药物可能对骨关节炎(包括膝骨关节炎和髋骨关节炎)具有保护作用,然而他汀类药物与骨关节炎风险之间的关联尚未完全明确。目的:利用大规模人群全基因组关联研究(GWAS)的汇总数据,通过孟德尔随机化分析探究他...背景:观察性研究表明,他汀类药物可能对骨关节炎(包括膝骨关节炎和髋骨关节炎)具有保护作用,然而他汀类药物与骨关节炎风险之间的关联尚未完全明确。目的:利用大规模人群全基因组关联研究(GWAS)的汇总数据,通过孟德尔随机化分析探究他汀类药物与骨关节炎风险之间的关联。方法:他汀类药物相关的单核苷酸多态性数据来自FinnGen最新第9版数据库,骨关节炎、膝骨关节炎和髋骨关节炎数据来自IEU Open GWAS、英国生物库和关节炎研究英国骨性关节炎遗传学(ArcOGEN)数据库。逆方差加权法为评估因果效应的主要分析方法。加权中位数法、简单中位数法、加权中值方法和MR-Egger回归用于补充说明。以比值比和95%CI评价他汀类药物与骨关节炎、膝骨关节炎和髋骨关节炎风险之间的因果关系。其次进行敏感性分析来验证结果的可靠性,使用Cochran’s Q检验异质性,MR-Egger-intercept检验是否存在水平多效性,留一法分析确定是否具有潜在影响的单核苷酸多态性等。结果与结论:①逆方差加权法结果表明,遗传预测的他汀类药物与骨关节炎(OR=0.998,95%CI:0.996-0.999,P=0.01)、膝骨关节炎(OR=0.964,95%CI:0.940-0.989,P=0.005)和髋骨关节炎(OR=0.928,95%CI:0.901-0.955,P=4.28×10^(-7))风险之间存在负向因果关系;②MR-Egger-intercept分析未检测到潜在的水平多效性(骨关节炎:P=0.658;膝骨关节炎:P=0.600;髋骨关节炎:P=0.141);③研究结果为观察性研究所述的他汀类药物降低骨关节炎、膝骨关节炎和髋骨关节炎风险提供了证据,他汀类药物治疗骨关节炎的具体机制需要进一步研究。展开更多
背景:观察性研究表明他汀类药物可能对骨密度具有保护作用,这使其成为潜在的骨质疏松症治疗药物之一。目的:通过孟德尔随机化方法来评估药物靶点介导的脂质表型与骨密度之间的因果关系。方法:从IEU Open GWAS数据库获取了与他汀类药物...背景:观察性研究表明他汀类药物可能对骨密度具有保护作用,这使其成为潜在的骨质疏松症治疗药物之一。目的:通过孟德尔随机化方法来评估药物靶点介导的脂质表型与骨密度之间的因果关系。方法:从IEU Open GWAS数据库获取了与他汀类药物相关的单核苷酸多态性以及骨密度相关数据。主要分析方法是逆方差加权法,同时也使用了加权中位数法、简单中位数法、加权中值方法和MR-Egger回归法。使用β值和95%CI来评估他汀类药物与骨密度之间的因果关系;另外,进行敏感性分析以验证结果的可靠性,使用Cochran’s Q检验来评估异质性,使用MR-Egger截距检验是否存在水平多效性。使用留一法分析确定是否有单个或多个单核苷酸多态性影响了结果。结果与结论:他汀类药物作用靶点——3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶介导的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与足跟定量超声骨密度(β=-0.086,95%CI:-0.117至-0.055,P=5.42×10^(-8))和全身骨密度(β=-0.193,95%CI:-0.288至-0.098,P=7.35×10^(-5))呈显著相关。该研究结果支持了他汀类药物对骨密度的保护作用。这些发现不仅加深了对胆固醇相关基因和骨骼健康关系的理解,还揭示了改善骨密度的潜在治疗靶点。展开更多
文摘In order to deal with the complex association relationships between classes in an object-oriented software system,a novel approach for identifying refactoring opportunities is proposed.The approach can be used to detect complex and duplicated many-to-many association relationships in source code,and to provide guidance for further refactoring.In the approach,source code is first transformed to an abstract syntax tree from which all data members of each class are extracted,then each class is characterized in connection with a set of association classes saving its data members.Next,classes in common associations are obtained by comparing different association classes sets in integrated analysis.Finally,on condition of pre-defined thresholds,all class sets in candidate for refactoring and their common association classes are saved and exported.This approach is tested on 4 projects.The results show that the precision is over 96%when the threshold is 3,and 100%when the threshold is 4.Meanwhile,this approach has good execution efficiency as the execution time taken for a project with more than 500 classes is less than 4 s,which also indicates that it can be applied to projects of different scales to identify their refactoring opportunities effectively.
文摘Industry association is an important part of China's economic and social life, which plays an important role in these areas. However, due to various reasons, there exist some objective difficulties and problems for industry associations. In March 2013, Chinese government requires to clear relationship between govemment~ market and society, actively yet prudently carry forward the work of canceling the subordinate relations between industry associations and administrative organs, speed up the construction of modem social organizational system that is independent of government, and with well defined rights and responsibilities and self-governing by law. In such a background, it is especially necessary to deeply analyze the role definition of industry association and administrative organ, discuss how to clarify the role relationship between industry association and administrative organ, and consider how to promote the better and faster development of industry association. This paper has briefly introduced the development status and existing problems of industry association, and put forward relevant measures and suggestions to solve the problems.
文摘This paper analyzes the loan exit on relationship lending in China. We define the relationship lending and analyze the value that both banks and borrowers will obtain in relationship lending, as well as some risks they will face, and then analyze the behaviors of loans exit with game theory. Our results suggest that, in general, relationship lending is helpful for the commercial banks and the enterprises to communicate information and enhance financing efficiency, while in the loan exit gaming, only when the decision of loan exit is made authentic promised by the banks, can the relationship lending effectively exert their positive function, and maintain the health cooperation between borrowers and lenders.
文摘背景:膝骨关节炎是一种常见的关节软骨及周围组织损伤的慢性炎症性疾病,而免疫细胞在膝骨关节炎免疫炎症反应中起到重要作用,但其中的具体机制仍有待深入研究。目的:采用孟德尔随机化方法来评估731种免疫细胞表型与膝骨关节炎风险之间的潜在因果关系。方法:使用全基因组关联分析(GWAS)目录中公开获取731种免疫细胞表型的全基因组关联分析统计数据(从GCST0001391到GCST0002121)和IEUGWAS数据库中膝骨关节炎的全基因组关联分析数据(ebi-a-GCST007090)。采用逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法、加权模型法和简单模型法来研究免疫细胞与膝骨关节炎之间的因果关系。敏感性分析用于检验孟德尔随机化分析结果是否可靠,然后以同样方法进行反向孟德尔随机化分析。结果与结论:①正向分析结果表明,共有4种免疫细胞表型与膝骨关节炎有显著的因果关系(FDR<0.20),其中B细胞中的CD27 on CD24+CD27+(OR=1.026,P=0.00026,Pfdr=0.18)、髓系细胞中的CD33 on CD33dim HLA DR-(OR=1.014,P=0.00050,Pfdr=0.18)以及Treg细胞中的CD45RA+CD28-CD8br%CD8br(OR=1.001,P=0.00078,Pfdr=0.18)与膝骨关节炎风险呈直接的正向因果关联;单核细胞中PDL-1 on monocyte(OR=0.952,P=0.00098,Pfdr=0.18)与膝骨关节炎风险呈直接的负向因果关联。②反向分析结果表明,当膝骨关节炎作为暴露数据时,与731种免疫细胞表型均不具有显著因果关系(FDR<0.20)。③敏感性分析结果显示:双向孟德尔随机化的Cochran’s Q检验和MR-Egger回归法结果P值均大于0.05,表明免疫细胞表型与膝骨关节炎之间的因果效应分析不存在显著的异质性和多效性。④上述结果证实,CD27 on CD24+CD27+,CD33 on CD33dim HLA DR-,CD45RA+CD28-CD8br%CD8br以及PDL-1 on monocyte免疫细胞表型与膝骨关节炎之间可能具有较为显著的潜在因果关系,这为研究膝骨关节炎的生物学机制及探索膝骨关节炎的早期防治提供有价值的线索,也为干预性药物的开发提供了新的方向。
基金funded by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province,China(2014JM4170)the Department of disease control of Shaanxi Health and Family Planning Commission,China(2010/2012)
文摘This study determined the effects of selenium on the growth of Fusorium strains and the effects of products extracted from the fungal cultures on relevant indicators of chondrocytes injury.
基金the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation of China,No.23ZR1447800and the Fengxian District Science and Technology Commission Project,China,No.20211838.
文摘BACKGROUND Previous research has highlighted correlations between blood cell counts and chronic liver disease.Nonetheless,the causal relationships remain unknown.AIM To evaluate the causal effect of blood cell traits on liver enzymes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)risk.METHODS Independent genetic variants strongly associated with blood cell traits were extracted from a genome-wide association study(GWAS)conducted by the Blood Cell Consortium.Summary-level data for liver enzymes were obtained from the United Kingdom Biobank.NAFLD data were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis(8434 cases and 770180 controls,discovery dataset)and the Fingen GWAS(2275 cases and 372727 controls,replication dataset).This analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted method,followed by various sensitivity analyses.RESULTS One SD increase in the genetically predicted haemoglobin concentration(HGB)was associated with aβof 0.0078(95%CI:0.0059-0.0096),0.0108(95%CI:0.0080-0.0136),0.0361(95%CI:0.0156-0.0567),and 0.0083(95%CI:00046-0.0121)for alkaline phosphatase(ALP),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase,and gammaglutamyl transferase,respectively.Genetically predicted haematocrit was associated with ALP(β=0.0078,95%CI:0.0052-0.0104)and ALT(β=0.0057,95%CI:0.0039-0.0075).Genetically determined HGB and the reticulocyte fraction of red blood cells increased the risk of NAFLD[odds ratio(OR)=1.199,95%CI:1.087-1.322]and(OR=1.157,95%CI:1.071-1.250).The results of the sensitivity analyses remained significant.CONCLUSION Novel causal blood cell traits related to liver enzymes and NAFLD development were revealed through Mendelian randomization analysis,which may facilitate the diagnosis and prevention of NAFLD.
文摘背景:观察性研究表明,他汀类药物可能对骨关节炎(包括膝骨关节炎和髋骨关节炎)具有保护作用,然而他汀类药物与骨关节炎风险之间的关联尚未完全明确。目的:利用大规模人群全基因组关联研究(GWAS)的汇总数据,通过孟德尔随机化分析探究他汀类药物与骨关节炎风险之间的关联。方法:他汀类药物相关的单核苷酸多态性数据来自FinnGen最新第9版数据库,骨关节炎、膝骨关节炎和髋骨关节炎数据来自IEU Open GWAS、英国生物库和关节炎研究英国骨性关节炎遗传学(ArcOGEN)数据库。逆方差加权法为评估因果效应的主要分析方法。加权中位数法、简单中位数法、加权中值方法和MR-Egger回归用于补充说明。以比值比和95%CI评价他汀类药物与骨关节炎、膝骨关节炎和髋骨关节炎风险之间的因果关系。其次进行敏感性分析来验证结果的可靠性,使用Cochran’s Q检验异质性,MR-Egger-intercept检验是否存在水平多效性,留一法分析确定是否具有潜在影响的单核苷酸多态性等。结果与结论:①逆方差加权法结果表明,遗传预测的他汀类药物与骨关节炎(OR=0.998,95%CI:0.996-0.999,P=0.01)、膝骨关节炎(OR=0.964,95%CI:0.940-0.989,P=0.005)和髋骨关节炎(OR=0.928,95%CI:0.901-0.955,P=4.28×10^(-7))风险之间存在负向因果关系;②MR-Egger-intercept分析未检测到潜在的水平多效性(骨关节炎:P=0.658;膝骨关节炎:P=0.600;髋骨关节炎:P=0.141);③研究结果为观察性研究所述的他汀类药物降低骨关节炎、膝骨关节炎和髋骨关节炎风险提供了证据,他汀类药物治疗骨关节炎的具体机制需要进一步研究。
文摘背景:观察性研究表明他汀类药物可能对骨密度具有保护作用,这使其成为潜在的骨质疏松症治疗药物之一。目的:通过孟德尔随机化方法来评估药物靶点介导的脂质表型与骨密度之间的因果关系。方法:从IEU Open GWAS数据库获取了与他汀类药物相关的单核苷酸多态性以及骨密度相关数据。主要分析方法是逆方差加权法,同时也使用了加权中位数法、简单中位数法、加权中值方法和MR-Egger回归法。使用β值和95%CI来评估他汀类药物与骨密度之间的因果关系;另外,进行敏感性分析以验证结果的可靠性,使用Cochran’s Q检验来评估异质性,使用MR-Egger截距检验是否存在水平多效性。使用留一法分析确定是否有单个或多个单核苷酸多态性影响了结果。结果与结论:他汀类药物作用靶点——3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶介导的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与足跟定量超声骨密度(β=-0.086,95%CI:-0.117至-0.055,P=5.42×10^(-8))和全身骨密度(β=-0.193,95%CI:-0.288至-0.098,P=7.35×10^(-5))呈显著相关。该研究结果支持了他汀类药物对骨密度的保护作用。这些发现不仅加深了对胆固醇相关基因和骨骼健康关系的理解,还揭示了改善骨密度的潜在治疗靶点。