Aging is a natural lifelong process ending in death. Many older people are living in poverty. Older people are generally considered dependent on others as they grow older. The purpose of this article is to explore the...Aging is a natural lifelong process ending in death. Many older people are living in poverty. Older people are generally considered dependent on others as they grow older. The purpose of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship activities of Nepalese older adults. Data for this study were collected from the project Help Age International (HAI) implemented in Nepal. Qualitative data observations and interviews were used to collect data. The findings of this study show the formation of the Older People’s Association (OPA) has supported many older people to participate outside the home in various social activities. Moreover, regular deposits through OPAs offer little help. OPAs support older people in their need of financial support to implement minor entrepreneurship. Older people who received support were pleased and were actively involved in their activities and also regularly deposited money in them. Subsequently, older people’s participation in social activities has increased and also helped to lower elderly abuse, loneliness, and depression. Local governments should promote such activities which will help with healthy aging.展开更多
The effects of monocrotophos and quinalphos on population and nitrogen-fixing activity of Azospirillum sp.in four agricultural soils were determined in a laboratory study.Concentrations of the two insecticides up to a...The effects of monocrotophos and quinalphos on population and nitrogen-fixing activity of Azospirillum sp.in four agricultural soils were determined in a laboratory study.Concentrations of the two insecticides up to a 5 kg ha^(-1)level were either stimulatory or innocuous to the popula- tion of Azospirillum in the soils.Four successive applications of the insecticides to soils resulted in a significant increase in the population density.Cultures of Azospirillum sp.,isolated from insecticide-treated soils,exhibited greater nitrogen-fixing activity.Three consecutive subcultur- ings of the isolates from insecticide-treated soils had no effect on their nitrogen-fixing activity.1989 Academic Press,Inc.展开更多
Most of marine sponges harbor dense and diverse microbial communities of bioactivity importance. Four Gram positive bacterial cultures (HA-21, HA-68, HA- MS-105 and HA-MS-119) were isolated from the sponge Amphimedon ...Most of marine sponges harbor dense and diverse microbial communities of bioactivity importance. Four Gram positive bacterial cultures (HA-21, HA-68, HA- MS-105 and HA-MS-119) were isolated from the sponge Amphimedon ochracea, collected from the Red Sea coast of Egypt. Bacterial species were identified based on the phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of their 16S rDNA genes. The Sequences similarity values of 98% - 100% to other strains in the NCBI database showed strong similarities with the 16S rDNA genes of firmicutes (Bacillus sp.). The four bacterial species were submitted to the GenBank database and had accession numbers of: HA-21 [JQ-768238];HA-68 [JQ751264];HA-MS-105 [JQ768239];HAMS-119 [JQ768240]. The cytotoxic activities of the bacterial isolates were tested against three established human cancer cell lines;HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), HCT (colon carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma). The inhibitory effect on these cell lines, measured by MTT cell assay protocol, revealed promising cytotoxic activity of the four isolates (IC50 values (μg/mL) were: HA-21: 13.2, 9.3 and 12.2;HA-68: 10.42, 4.3 and 5.5;HA-MS-105: 46.9, 28.6 and 21.3;HAMS-119: 10.42, 6.3 and 22.1;respectively). The recovery of bacterial strains with cytotoxic activity suggests that marine invertebrates remain a rich source for the isolation of culturable isolates capable of producing novel bioactive secondary metabolites.展开更多
Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is one of the leading pathological causes of a wide spectrum of ischemic heart diseases, ranging from variant angina pectoris to acute myocardial infarction and even sudden cardiac death[...Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is one of the leading pathological causes of a wide spectrum of ischemic heart diseases, ranging from variant angina pectoris to acute myocardial infarction and even sudden cardiac death[1]. Furthermore, Pierron et al. concluded that CAS of angiographically normal or sub-normal arteries is responsible for death or myocardial infarction in 11.6% of all cases. Oddly, the incidence of CAS is remarkably higher in Asians than in Caucasians[3], suggesting genetic involvement In its pathogenesis.展开更多
Alkaline magmatism is often associated with the initial or final stages of huge plume activity.The alkaline bodies are most often found within the boundary area of plume impact upon the continents.The initial stages o...Alkaline magmatism is often associated with the initial or final stages of huge plume activity.The alkaline bodies are most often found within the boundary area of plume impact upon the continents.The initial stages of the展开更多
Objective:To isolate and characterize the bioactive secondary metabolite from Callyspongia spp.associated fungi.Methods:In vitro antibacterial screening of fungi associated with Callyspongia species,collected from sou...Objective:To isolate and characterize the bioactive secondary metabolite from Callyspongia spp.associated fungi.Methods:In vitro antibacterial screening of fungi associated with Callyspongia species,collected from south east coast of India,against selected clinical isolates of bacteria were conducted in this study.The extracts showing good antimicrobial activity were subjected to further analysis to identify the active constituents sponge associated fungi(both biomass and filtrate) with five different solvents.The compound responsible for bioactivity was characterized using Fouvier-transform infrared(FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) instrumental analysis to identify the functional group and compound.The molecular characterization of the elite fungal strains were done by isolating their genomic DNA and amplify the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region of 5.8srRNA using specific ITS primer. The novelty of the strain was proved by BlastN analysis against non-redundant(NR) database and hence was submitted to GenBank.Results:Active compound was Desmethylnomifensine confirmed by GC-MS and the potent fungi was Aspergillus flavus GU815344.Conclusions: The isolate exhibits a marked antagonistic activity against potential bacterial pathogens thus illuminating the advanced researches in this decade to focus on clinical pharmacology to identify novel therapeutic targets.The present study depicts a promising scenario to focus on Aspergillus flavus derived compounds which can be easily scaled up for large biomass production and stable formulation as a drug.展开更多
In this paper, a novel design procedure is proposed for synthesizing high-capacity auto-associative memories based on complex-valued neural networks with real-imaginary-type activation functions and constant delays. S...In this paper, a novel design procedure is proposed for synthesizing high-capacity auto-associative memories based on complex-valued neural networks with real-imaginary-type activation functions and constant delays. Stability criteria dependent on external inputs of neural networks are derived. The designed networks can retrieve the stored patterns by external inputs rather than initial conditions. The derivation can memorize the desired patterns with lower-dimensional neural networks than real-valued neural networks, and eliminate spurious equilibria of complex-valued neural networks. One numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness and superiority of the presented results.展开更多
Hydrophobically associative polyacrylamide (HAPAM) were prepared in aqueous solution by radical copolymerization of novel cationic surface-active monomer, dimethylhexadecyl(3-acrylamidopropyl)ammonium bromide (DM...Hydrophobically associative polyacrylamide (HAPAM) were prepared in aqueous solution by radical copolymerization of novel cationic surface-active monomer, dimethylhexadecyl(3-acrylamidopropyl)ammonium bromide (DMHAB), with acrylamide (AM) in the presence of DMHAB/CTAB mixed micelles. The length of hydrophobic microblock (NH) in HAPAM is controlled by the molar fraction of DMHAB in mixed micelles, which can be mediated by the ratio of CTAB to DMHAB. The results of steady-state fluorescence probe and viscometry experiments showed the ability of HAPAM association was determined by the length of the hydrophobic microblock. HAPAM with tunable association ability are promising materials for thickening agent.展开更多
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) remains a deadly disease with no efficacious treatment options. PDAC incidence is projected to increase, which may be caused at least partially by the obesity epidemic. Significa...Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) remains a deadly disease with no efficacious treatment options. PDAC incidence is projected to increase, which may be caused at least partially by the obesity epidemic. Significantly enhanced efforts to prevent or intercept this cancer are clearly warranted. Oncogenic KRAS mutations are recognized initiating events in PDAC development, however, they are not entirely sufficient for the development of fully invasive PDAC.Additional genetic alterations and/or environmental, nutritional, and metabolic signals, as present in obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and inflammation, are required for full PDAC formation. We hypothesize that oncogenic KRAS increases the intensity and duration of the growth-promoting signaling network.Recent exciting studies from different laboratories indicate that the activity of the transcriptional co-activators Yes-associated protein(YAP) and WW-domaincontaining transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif(TAZ) play a critical role in the promotion and maintenance of PDAC operating as key downstream target of KRAS signaling. While initially thought to be primarily an effector of the tumor-suppressive Hippo pathway, more recent studies revealed that YAP/TAZ subcellular localization and co-transcriptional activity is regulated by multiple upstream signals. Overall, YAP has emerged as a central node of transcriptional convergence in growth-promoting signaling in PDAC cells. Indeed, YAP expression is an independent unfavorable prognostic marker for overall survival of PDAC. In what follows, we will review studies implicating YAP/TAZ in pancreatic cancer development and consider different approaches to target these transcriptional regulators.展开更多
BACKGROUND : Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have disclosed the changes of the motor function in the motor cortex of ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of tumor, which have special signi...BACKGROUND : Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have disclosed the changes of the motor function in the motor cortex of ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of tumor, which have special significance for making the surgical planning and most greatly minimizing the postoperative functional damages. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the manifestation characteristics of hand functional area and motor dysfunction using fMRI in patients with space-occupying lesions of tumor in motor cortex. DESIGN : A case-controlled observation SETTING: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College .PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three patients (13 males and 10 females) with space-occupying lesions of central sulcus area, aged 21-53 years with a mean age of (47±1) years were selected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. All the patients were diagnosed by MR scanning as space-occupying lesions of motor area, and pathologically confirmed that the lesions involved central sulcus and central Iobule; Lesions occurred in left and right hemispheres in 13 and 10 cases respectively. The tumor types were astrocytoma (n =8), metastatic tumours (n =7), meningiomas (n =5) and oligodendroglioma (n =3). The muscle strength was normal in 11 cases (grade 5) and obviously decreased in 12 cases (grade 2-3 in 3 cases and grade 4 in 9 cases); muscle strengths of both upper and lower limbs were decreased in 7 cases, and only that of upper limbs was decreased in 5 cases. Informed consents were obtained from all the subjects. Meanwhile, 9 healthy physical examinees (5 males and 4 females) of 20-56 years old with an average of (34±1) years were taken as controls. All the patients and healthy subjects were right-handed. METHODS: All the enrolled subjects were examined with MR scanning and functional imaging. Twenty cases whose clinical symptoms were mild in the patient group and 9 healthy volunteers adopted simple active finger-tapping movements, and for the 3 cases whose clinical symptoms were severe in the patient group, the simple passive finger-tapping movements were used. The manifestations in the activated brain areas were analyzed in the patients with brain tumor of different muscle strength and the controls. The motor deficit and activation of contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) in simple finger-tapping movements were observed in the patient group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Brain areas activated by finger-tapping movements in each group: (2) Activated volumes in hemisphere by finger-tapping movements between groups. RESULTS: The contralateral M1 area could not be activated in 1 case in the patient group,, all the other 22 patients and 9 healthy subjects were involved in the analysis of results. (1) In the control group, unilateral finger tapping movement activated the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1), bilateral SMA and bilateral PMC. The activation volume was the largest in contralateral primary motor cortex (M1), smaller in the SMA, and the smallest in PMC. The finger tapping movement in healthy subjects could activate contralateral primary motor cortex (M1), bilateral SMA and bilateral PMC, which had no obvious differences from the manifestations of brain functional area activated by active finger tapping. There was no significant difference in the volume of activated functional areas between right and left hands. In the patient group, the central sulcos around the tumor in the activated M1 area displaced towards dorsal or ventral side, also extended. The distance of displacement in the functional area was determined as compared with the contralateral central sulcus, and the results suggested the M1 displacement, including that there were 10 cases with the M1 displacement larger than 10 mm in the patients with motor deficit, which were obviously more than in those without motor deficit (n =1, P 〈 0.01), and the activated volume in contralateral M1 area was obvious smaller in the patients with motor deficit than in those without motor deficit (P 〈 0.01). (2) The M1 activation and changes were observed in contralateral hemisphere in the patient group, and the activated volume was obviously larger than that in the control group (P 〈 0.01). The activated volumes of M1 and PMC in ipsilateral hemisphere were obviously larger than those in the control group (P 〈 0.05), but that of SMA had no obvious difference between the two groups (P 〉 0.05). CONCLUSION: fMRI can be used to observe the activation of the brain motor functional areas of patient with space-occupying lesions in motor area, and evaluate the state of their motor function. The larger the distance of displacement of M1 compressed by tumor, the more obviously the muscle strength decreases in the patients.展开更多
Objectives The impairment of matrix metallopro- teinase-2(MMP-2)has been associated with the development of cardiac fibrosis.Although the Chinese herb Salvia miltior-rhiza has been widely used in patients with cardiov...Objectives The impairment of matrix metallopro- teinase-2(MMP-2)has been associated with the development of cardiac fibrosis.Although the Chinese herb Salvia miltior-rhiza has been widely used in patients with cardiovascular disorders,the mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the administration of cryptotanshinone,an active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza,could prevent the cardiac fibrosis induced by isoprenaline and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results Male C57BL/6 mice were submitted to receive daily injection of 0.9%saline,3 mg/kg isoprenaline, or isoprenaline plus 20 mg/kg cryptotanshinone by gastric gavage for 2 weeks.Herein,we demonstrate that cryptotanshinone can significantly ameliorate the isoprenaline-induced cardiac fibrosis,which was associated with marked up-regulation and activation of MMP-2 in ventricular myocardium. Additionally,we demonstrate that cryptotanshinone can dose-dependently upregulate and activate MMP-2 in cultured cardiac fibroblast.Moreover,incubation with cryptotanshinone also can prevent isoprenaline-induced downregulation and inactivation of MMP-2 in cultured cardiac fibroblast. Conclusions Taken together,our data suggest that cryptotanshinone may become a novel and potent antifibrotic agent. The present findings might further our understanding of the role of MMP-2 in cardiac fibrosis and antifibrotic mechanisms of cryptotanshinone.展开更多
It is one of the significant social functions for the trade associations to actively participate in the social philanthropic activities.Jinan Trade Associations participated in the social philanthropic activities acti...It is one of the significant social functions for the trade associations to actively participate in the social philanthropic activities.Jinan Trade Associations participated in the social philanthropic activities actively,directly,indirectly,positively and in other ways as well.Theses activities were characterized by being phased,deficiency in initiative and reluctance and so on.展开更多
目的系统评价成人肠道耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌目细菌(CRE)定植病例医院感染发病率,为CRE医院感染的预防和控制提供参考依据。方法计算机检索Embase、Cochrane、PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)8个...目的系统评价成人肠道耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌目细菌(CRE)定植病例医院感染发病率,为CRE医院感染的预防和控制提供参考依据。方法计算机检索Embase、Cochrane、PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)8个数据库自建库至2023年6月CRE肠道定植病例医院感染发病率的相关文献,应用Stata 17.0软件进行Meta分析,采用敏感性分析评价研究结果的稳定性,采用Egger’s检验评价发表偏倚。结果共纳入16篇文献,其中英文11篇,中文5篇,总样本量2151例患者。Meta分析结果显示,成人肠道CRE定植病例医院感染发病率为23.1%(95%CI:14.8%~32.5%)。以不同研究设计类型、发表年份,以及研究调查的地域、科室和感染部位分组因素进行亚组分析,亚组间的合并效应量比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。在CRE定植发展为医院感染中,耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)占比96.0%(95%CI:86.8%~100%),定植病例中血流感染发病率为18.2%(95%CI:10.3%~27.6%)。CRE定植病例30天病死率为32.6%(95%CI:20.5%~45.9%),CRE感染病例30天病死率为36.9%(95%CI:16.0%~60.2%)。结论近年来CRE定植病例医院感染发病率较高,需对高危科室进行主动筛查和重点干预,以降低CRE定植病例医院感染发病率。展开更多
文摘Aging is a natural lifelong process ending in death. Many older people are living in poverty. Older people are generally considered dependent on others as they grow older. The purpose of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship activities of Nepalese older adults. Data for this study were collected from the project Help Age International (HAI) implemented in Nepal. Qualitative data observations and interviews were used to collect data. The findings of this study show the formation of the Older People’s Association (OPA) has supported many older people to participate outside the home in various social activities. Moreover, regular deposits through OPAs offer little help. OPAs support older people in their need of financial support to implement minor entrepreneurship. Older people who received support were pleased and were actively involved in their activities and also regularly deposited money in them. Subsequently, older people’s participation in social activities has increased and also helped to lower elderly abuse, loneliness, and depression. Local governments should promote such activities which will help with healthy aging.
文摘The effects of monocrotophos and quinalphos on population and nitrogen-fixing activity of Azospirillum sp.in four agricultural soils were determined in a laboratory study.Concentrations of the two insecticides up to a 5 kg ha^(-1)level were either stimulatory or innocuous to the popula- tion of Azospirillum in the soils.Four successive applications of the insecticides to soils resulted in a significant increase in the population density.Cultures of Azospirillum sp.,isolated from insecticide-treated soils,exhibited greater nitrogen-fixing activity.Three consecutive subcultur- ings of the isolates from insecticide-treated soils had no effect on their nitrogen-fixing activity.1989 Academic Press,Inc.
文摘Most of marine sponges harbor dense and diverse microbial communities of bioactivity importance. Four Gram positive bacterial cultures (HA-21, HA-68, HA- MS-105 and HA-MS-119) were isolated from the sponge Amphimedon ochracea, collected from the Red Sea coast of Egypt. Bacterial species were identified based on the phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of their 16S rDNA genes. The Sequences similarity values of 98% - 100% to other strains in the NCBI database showed strong similarities with the 16S rDNA genes of firmicutes (Bacillus sp.). The four bacterial species were submitted to the GenBank database and had accession numbers of: HA-21 [JQ-768238];HA-68 [JQ751264];HA-MS-105 [JQ768239];HAMS-119 [JQ768240]. The cytotoxic activities of the bacterial isolates were tested against three established human cancer cell lines;HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), HCT (colon carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma). The inhibitory effect on these cell lines, measured by MTT cell assay protocol, revealed promising cytotoxic activity of the four isolates (IC50 values (μg/mL) were: HA-21: 13.2, 9.3 and 12.2;HA-68: 10.42, 4.3 and 5.5;HA-MS-105: 46.9, 28.6 and 21.3;HAMS-119: 10.42, 6.3 and 22.1;respectively). The recovery of bacterial strains with cytotoxic activity suggests that marine invertebrates remain a rich source for the isolation of culturable isolates capable of producing novel bioactive secondary metabolites.
基金supported by fund from Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (No. 9251001002000002)
文摘Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is one of the leading pathological causes of a wide spectrum of ischemic heart diseases, ranging from variant angina pectoris to acute myocardial infarction and even sudden cardiac death[1]. Furthermore, Pierron et al. concluded that CAS of angiographically normal or sub-normal arteries is responsible for death or myocardial infarction in 11.6% of all cases. Oddly, the incidence of CAS is remarkably higher in Asians than in Caucasians[3], suggesting genetic involvement In its pathogenesis.
文摘Alkaline magmatism is often associated with the initial or final stages of huge plume activity.The alkaline bodies are most often found within the boundary area of plume impact upon the continents.The initial stages of the
文摘Objective:To isolate and characterize the bioactive secondary metabolite from Callyspongia spp.associated fungi.Methods:In vitro antibacterial screening of fungi associated with Callyspongia species,collected from south east coast of India,against selected clinical isolates of bacteria were conducted in this study.The extracts showing good antimicrobial activity were subjected to further analysis to identify the active constituents sponge associated fungi(both biomass and filtrate) with five different solvents.The compound responsible for bioactivity was characterized using Fouvier-transform infrared(FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) instrumental analysis to identify the functional group and compound.The molecular characterization of the elite fungal strains were done by isolating their genomic DNA and amplify the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region of 5.8srRNA using specific ITS primer. The novelty of the strain was proved by BlastN analysis against non-redundant(NR) database and hence was submitted to GenBank.Results:Active compound was Desmethylnomifensine confirmed by GC-MS and the potent fungi was Aspergillus flavus GU815344.Conclusions: The isolate exhibits a marked antagonistic activity against potential bacterial pathogens thus illuminating the advanced researches in this decade to focus on clinical pharmacology to identify novel therapeutic targets.The present study depicts a promising scenario to focus on Aspergillus flavus derived compounds which can be easily scaled up for large biomass production and stable formulation as a drug.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61503338,61573316,61374152,and 11302195)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.LQ15F030005)
文摘In this paper, a novel design procedure is proposed for synthesizing high-capacity auto-associative memories based on complex-valued neural networks with real-imaginary-type activation functions and constant delays. Stability criteria dependent on external inputs of neural networks are derived. The designed networks can retrieve the stored patterns by external inputs rather than initial conditions. The derivation can memorize the desired patterns with lower-dimensional neural networks than real-valued neural networks, and eliminate spurious equilibria of complex-valued neural networks. One numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness and superiority of the presented results.
文摘Hydrophobically associative polyacrylamide (HAPAM) were prepared in aqueous solution by radical copolymerization of novel cationic surface-active monomer, dimethylhexadecyl(3-acrylamidopropyl)ammonium bromide (DMHAB), with acrylamide (AM) in the presence of DMHAB/CTAB mixed micelles. The length of hydrophobic microblock (NH) in HAPAM is controlled by the molar fraction of DMHAB in mixed micelles, which can be mediated by the ratio of CTAB to DMHAB. The results of steady-state fluorescence probe and viscometry experiments showed the ability of HAPAM association was determined by the length of the hydrophobic microblock. HAPAM with tunable association ability are promising materials for thickening agent.
文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) remains a deadly disease with no efficacious treatment options. PDAC incidence is projected to increase, which may be caused at least partially by the obesity epidemic. Significantly enhanced efforts to prevent or intercept this cancer are clearly warranted. Oncogenic KRAS mutations are recognized initiating events in PDAC development, however, they are not entirely sufficient for the development of fully invasive PDAC.Additional genetic alterations and/or environmental, nutritional, and metabolic signals, as present in obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and inflammation, are required for full PDAC formation. We hypothesize that oncogenic KRAS increases the intensity and duration of the growth-promoting signaling network.Recent exciting studies from different laboratories indicate that the activity of the transcriptional co-activators Yes-associated protein(YAP) and WW-domaincontaining transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif(TAZ) play a critical role in the promotion and maintenance of PDAC operating as key downstream target of KRAS signaling. While initially thought to be primarily an effector of the tumor-suppressive Hippo pathway, more recent studies revealed that YAP/TAZ subcellular localization and co-transcriptional activity is regulated by multiple upstream signals. Overall, YAP has emerged as a central node of transcriptional convergence in growth-promoting signaling in PDAC cells. Indeed, YAP expression is an independent unfavorable prognostic marker for overall survival of PDAC. In what follows, we will review studies implicating YAP/TAZ in pancreatic cancer development and consider different approaches to target these transcriptional regulators.
基金a grant from theMedical Scientific ResearchFoundation of GuangdongProvince, No. A2003526
文摘BACKGROUND : Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have disclosed the changes of the motor function in the motor cortex of ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of tumor, which have special significance for making the surgical planning and most greatly minimizing the postoperative functional damages. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the manifestation characteristics of hand functional area and motor dysfunction using fMRI in patients with space-occupying lesions of tumor in motor cortex. DESIGN : A case-controlled observation SETTING: Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College .PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three patients (13 males and 10 females) with space-occupying lesions of central sulcus area, aged 21-53 years with a mean age of (47±1) years were selected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. All the patients were diagnosed by MR scanning as space-occupying lesions of motor area, and pathologically confirmed that the lesions involved central sulcus and central Iobule; Lesions occurred in left and right hemispheres in 13 and 10 cases respectively. The tumor types were astrocytoma (n =8), metastatic tumours (n =7), meningiomas (n =5) and oligodendroglioma (n =3). The muscle strength was normal in 11 cases (grade 5) and obviously decreased in 12 cases (grade 2-3 in 3 cases and grade 4 in 9 cases); muscle strengths of both upper and lower limbs were decreased in 7 cases, and only that of upper limbs was decreased in 5 cases. Informed consents were obtained from all the subjects. Meanwhile, 9 healthy physical examinees (5 males and 4 females) of 20-56 years old with an average of (34±1) years were taken as controls. All the patients and healthy subjects were right-handed. METHODS: All the enrolled subjects were examined with MR scanning and functional imaging. Twenty cases whose clinical symptoms were mild in the patient group and 9 healthy volunteers adopted simple active finger-tapping movements, and for the 3 cases whose clinical symptoms were severe in the patient group, the simple passive finger-tapping movements were used. The manifestations in the activated brain areas were analyzed in the patients with brain tumor of different muscle strength and the controls. The motor deficit and activation of contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) in simple finger-tapping movements were observed in the patient group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Brain areas activated by finger-tapping movements in each group: (2) Activated volumes in hemisphere by finger-tapping movements between groups. RESULTS: The contralateral M1 area could not be activated in 1 case in the patient group,, all the other 22 patients and 9 healthy subjects were involved in the analysis of results. (1) In the control group, unilateral finger tapping movement activated the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1), bilateral SMA and bilateral PMC. The activation volume was the largest in contralateral primary motor cortex (M1), smaller in the SMA, and the smallest in PMC. The finger tapping movement in healthy subjects could activate contralateral primary motor cortex (M1), bilateral SMA and bilateral PMC, which had no obvious differences from the manifestations of brain functional area activated by active finger tapping. There was no significant difference in the volume of activated functional areas between right and left hands. In the patient group, the central sulcos around the tumor in the activated M1 area displaced towards dorsal or ventral side, also extended. The distance of displacement in the functional area was determined as compared with the contralateral central sulcus, and the results suggested the M1 displacement, including that there were 10 cases with the M1 displacement larger than 10 mm in the patients with motor deficit, which were obviously more than in those without motor deficit (n =1, P 〈 0.01), and the activated volume in contralateral M1 area was obvious smaller in the patients with motor deficit than in those without motor deficit (P 〈 0.01). (2) The M1 activation and changes were observed in contralateral hemisphere in the patient group, and the activated volume was obviously larger than that in the control group (P 〈 0.01). The activated volumes of M1 and PMC in ipsilateral hemisphere were obviously larger than those in the control group (P 〈 0.05), but that of SMA had no obvious difference between the two groups (P 〉 0.05). CONCLUSION: fMRI can be used to observe the activation of the brain motor functional areas of patient with space-occupying lesions in motor area, and evaluate the state of their motor function. The larger the distance of displacement of M1 compressed by tumor, the more obviously the muscle strength decreases in the patients.
文摘Objectives The impairment of matrix metallopro- teinase-2(MMP-2)has been associated with the development of cardiac fibrosis.Although the Chinese herb Salvia miltior-rhiza has been widely used in patients with cardiovascular disorders,the mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the administration of cryptotanshinone,an active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza,could prevent the cardiac fibrosis induced by isoprenaline and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results Male C57BL/6 mice were submitted to receive daily injection of 0.9%saline,3 mg/kg isoprenaline, or isoprenaline plus 20 mg/kg cryptotanshinone by gastric gavage for 2 weeks.Herein,we demonstrate that cryptotanshinone can significantly ameliorate the isoprenaline-induced cardiac fibrosis,which was associated with marked up-regulation and activation of MMP-2 in ventricular myocardium. Additionally,we demonstrate that cryptotanshinone can dose-dependently upregulate and activate MMP-2 in cultured cardiac fibroblast.Moreover,incubation with cryptotanshinone also can prevent isoprenaline-induced downregulation and inactivation of MMP-2 in cultured cardiac fibroblast. Conclusions Taken together,our data suggest that cryptotanshinone may become a novel and potent antifibrotic agent. The present findings might further our understanding of the role of MMP-2 in cardiac fibrosis and antifibrotic mechanisms of cryptotanshinone.
基金After China,54 of surface science foundation projects(2013M541950)Shandong Normal University,Ph.D.(after)achievements of scientific research funds
文摘It is one of the significant social functions for the trade associations to actively participate in the social philanthropic activities.Jinan Trade Associations participated in the social philanthropic activities actively,directly,indirectly,positively and in other ways as well.Theses activities were characterized by being phased,deficiency in initiative and reluctance and so on.
文摘目的系统评价成人肠道耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌目细菌(CRE)定植病例医院感染发病率,为CRE医院感染的预防和控制提供参考依据。方法计算机检索Embase、Cochrane、PubMed、Web of Science、CNKI、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)8个数据库自建库至2023年6月CRE肠道定植病例医院感染发病率的相关文献,应用Stata 17.0软件进行Meta分析,采用敏感性分析评价研究结果的稳定性,采用Egger’s检验评价发表偏倚。结果共纳入16篇文献,其中英文11篇,中文5篇,总样本量2151例患者。Meta分析结果显示,成人肠道CRE定植病例医院感染发病率为23.1%(95%CI:14.8%~32.5%)。以不同研究设计类型、发表年份,以及研究调查的地域、科室和感染部位分组因素进行亚组分析,亚组间的合并效应量比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。在CRE定植发展为医院感染中,耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)占比96.0%(95%CI:86.8%~100%),定植病例中血流感染发病率为18.2%(95%CI:10.3%~27.6%)。CRE定植病例30天病死率为32.6%(95%CI:20.5%~45.9%),CRE感染病例30天病死率为36.9%(95%CI:16.0%~60.2%)。结论近年来CRE定植病例医院感染发病率较高,需对高危科室进行主动筛查和重点干预,以降低CRE定植病例医院感染发病率。