Surgical approaches to correct corneal astigmatism at time of cataract surgery: a mini-review

Among refractive errors,astigmatism is the most common optical aberration,where refraction changes in different meridians of the eye.It causes blurred vision at any distance and includes corneal,lenticular,and retinal astigmatism.Cataract surgery used to cause a progressive increase in the pre-exisiting corneal astigmatism because of creating a surgically induced astigmatism,for example,a large size surgery incision.The development of surgical techniques during last decades has made cataract surgery interchange to treat preoperative corneal astigmatism at time of surgery.Nowadays,three surgical approaches can be used.By placing a sutureless clear corneal incision on the steep meridian of the cornea,a preoperative corneal astigmatism less than 1.0 D can be corrected.Single or paired peripheral corneal relaxing incisions(PCRIs)provide 1.0-3.0 D corneal astigmatism correction.PCRIs are typically used for treating 1.0-1.5 D of regular corneal astigmatism,if more than 2.0 D,the risk of overcorrection and irregular astigmatism is increased.When toric intraocular lenses(IOLs)are unavailable in markets,PCRIs are still a reasonable option for patients with up to 3.0 D of pre-existing corneal astigmatism.Toric IOLs implantation can correct 1.0-4.5 D of corneal astigmatism.Several IOLs are approved to correct a high degree of corneal astigmatism with cylinder power up to 12.0 D.These approaches can be used alone or in combination.

Effect of astigmatism and spherical equivalent correction on contrast sensitivity

AIM:To investigate the effect of astigmatism and spherical equivalent(SE)correction on contrast sensitivity(CS).METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,103 visually normal subjects aged 18 to 36y with bilateral regular astigmatism in range of 1.00 diopter cylinder(DC)to 4.00 DC and normal best-corrected visual acuity(20/20)were recruited.Binocular CS was assessed by linear sine-wave gratings at 1.5,3,6,12,and 18 cycles per degree(cpd),before correction of astigmatism,after full correction of astigmatism by cylindrical spectacle lenses,and after SE of refractive error.The repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni test were used to compare the effects of astigmatism correction on logCS.RESULTS:Totally 39 patients were male and 64 patients were female with the mean age of 28.25±5.38y.The average degree of astigmatism in right and left eye was 2.03±0.83 and 2.10±0.78,respectively.Increases in uncorrected astigmatic power correlated with decreases in the logCS,especially at high spatial frequencies.A statistically significant difference in logCS was found between these three cases:before correction of astigmatism,after SE of refractive error,and after full correction of astigmatism by cylindrical spectacle lenses at all frequencies(P<0.001),except at 18 cpd.At 18 cpd,there was no statistically significant difference between logCS before and after SE of refractive error(P=1.0).Also,there was no statistically significant difference in mean CS between with-the-rule(WTR)and against-the-rule(ATR)astigmatism,before correction of astigmatism,after correction of astigmatism with cylindrical lenses,and after SE of refractive error.CONCLUSION:Binocular astigmatism defocus decreases CS depending on the degree of astigmatism power;correction of this will improve patent’s quality of vision.Although high astigmatism refractive error(more than 2.00 DC)that is fully corrected by cylindrical spectacle lenses doesn’t increase the CS to the maximum value,especially at higher spatial frequencies(12 and 18).Also SE refractive error effects on improving CS in low astigmatism power(less than 2.00 DC),especially at lower spatial frequencies.

Progression of Corneal Astigmatism after Phaco-Alternative at the University Hospital Center of the Oueme-Plateau Department in Porto-Novo

Objective: To study the postoperative evolution of corneal astigmatism following phaco-alternative at the University Hospital Center of Ouémé-Plateau (UHC-OP) in Porto-Novo. Method: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study with a descriptive and analytical purpose conducted from April 19 to September 20, 2021;a period of 6 months. The study included all patients presenting with senile or non-senile cataracts without a history of corneal trauma and who underwent phaco-alternative during the study period. Results: A total of 62 eyes underwent phaco-alternative. The average age was 63 ± 12 years with a male predominance of 59.7%. Phaco-alternative was performed with 74.2% linear incision and 25.8% smile incision. Perioperative incidents were mainly capsular ruptures with vitreous loss occurring in 8.1% of cases. The mean preoperative astigmatism was 1.29 ± 1.5 D with an axis of 180˚ ± 20˚, indicating with-the-rule astigmatism. The mean postoperative astigmatism was 2.2 ± 1.5 D with an axis of 90˚ ± 20˚, indicating against-the-rule astigmatism. The mean induced astigmatism at Day 30 was 1.4 ± 1.2 D for smile incision and 1.8 ± 1.2 D for linear incision. Conclusion: Phaco-alternative yields good results with few complications but remains astigmatogenic. The smile incision appears to be less astigmatogenic.

Effect of low-degree astigmatism on the objective visual quality

AIM:To evaluate the effect of low-degree astigmatism on objective visual quality through the Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS).METHODS:This study enrolled 46 participants(aged 23 to 30y,90 eyes)with normal or corrected-to-normal vision.The cylindrical lenses(0,0.5,0.75,1.0,and 1.25 D)were placed at the axial direction(180°,45°,90°,and 135°)in front of the eyes with the best correction to form 16 types of regular low-degree astigmatism.OQAS was used to detect the objective visual quality,recorded as the objective scattering index(OSI),OQAS values at contrasts of 100%,20%,and 9%predictive visual acuity(OV100%,OV20%,and OV9%),modulation transfer function cut-off(MTFcut-off)and Strehl ratio(SR).The mixed effect linear model was used to compare objective visual quality differences between groups and examine associations between astigmatic magnitude and objective visual quality parameters.RESULTS:Apparent negative relationships between the magnitude of low astigmatism and objective visual quality were observed.The increase of OSI per degree of astigmatism at 180°,45°,90°,and 135°axis were 0.38(95%CI:0.35,0.42),0.50(95%CI:0.46,0.53),0.49(95%CI:0.45,0.54)and 0.37(95%CI:0.34,0.41),respectively.The decrease of MTFcut-off per degree of astigmatism at 180°,45°,90°,and 135°axis were-10.30(95%CI:-11.43,-9.16),-12.73(95%CI:-13.62,-11.86),-12.75(95%CI:-13.79,-11.70),and-9.97(95%CI:-10.92,-9.03),respectively.At the same astigmatism degree,OSI at 45°and 90°axis were higher than that at 0°and 135°axis,while MTFcut-off were lower.CONCLUSION:Low astigmatism of only 0.50 D can significantly reduce the objective visual quality.

Clinical Effect Analysis of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation for Correcting High Myopia and Astigmatism

Objective:To explore the corrective effect of posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation with phakic eyes in the treatment of high myopia and astigmatism.Methods:From May 2023,the hospital began to collect the case data of diagnosis and treatment of high myopia and astigmatism.By May 2024,310 cases were included,all of which were treated with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.The visual acuity,astigmatism and axial position of the intraocular lens were observed before and after treatment.Results:At different time points after the operation,the patient’s vision was significantly improved compared with that before the operation(P<0.05),and the vision level was equal to or greater than the best-corrected vision before the operation.At different time points after the operation,the average rotation of the intraocular lens was less than 5 degrees.Astigmatism was significantly lower than that before the operation(P<0.05).After the operation,the intraocular pressure increased in 11 cases,accounting for 3.55%,with no adverse complications such as lens turbidity,glare and obvious halo occurring.Conclusion:The posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation with phakic eyes has an ideal correction effect in the treatment of high myopia and astigmatism,which can effectively improve the vision level of patients and reduce the degree of astigmatism,and has high effectiveness and safety.

Corneal astigmatic outcomes after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with surface penetrating arcuate keratotomies

AIM:To evaluate corneal astigmatic outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomies(FAKs)combined with femtosecond-laser assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)over 12mo follow-up.METHODS:Totally 145 patients with bilateral cataracts and no ocular co-morbidities were recruited to a singlecentre,single-masked,prospective randomized controlled trial(RCT)comparing two monofocal hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses.Eyes with corneal astigmatism(CA)of>0.8 dioptres(D)received unpaired,unopened,surface penetrating FAKs at the time of FLACS.Visual acuity,subjective refraction and Scheimpflug tomography were recorded at 1,6,and 12mo.Alpins vectoral analyses were performed.RESULTS:Fifty-one patients(61 eyes),mean age 68.2±9.6y[standard deviation(SD)],received FAKs.Sixty eyes were available for analysis,except at 12mo when 59 attended.There were no complications due to FAKs.Mean pre-operative CA was 1.13±0.20 D.There was a reduction of astigmatism at all post-operative visits(residual CA 1mo:0.85±0.42 D,P=0.0001;6mo:0.86±0.35 D,P=0001;and 12mo:0.90±0.39,P=0.0001).Alpins indices remained stable over 12mo.Overall,the cohort was under-corrected at all time points.At 12mo,61%of eyes were within±15 degrees of pre-operative astigmatic meridian.CONCLUSION:Unpaired unopened penetrating FAKs combined with on-axis phacoemulsification are safe but minimally effective.CA is largely under-corrected in this cohort using an existing unmodified nomogram.The effect of arcuate keratotomies on CA remained stable over 12mo.

Symmetrical femtosecond laser arc incision in correcting corneal astigmatism in cataract patients

AIM:To evaluate the effect of symmetrical arc incision correcting corneal astigmatism in femtosecond laserassisted phacoemulsification(FLACS).METHODS:This study enrolled patients with cataract combined with regular corneal astigmatism of>0.75 D,who underwent FLACS.Symmetrical arc incision was set at 8 mm diameter and 85%depth.The follow-up time was 3-24mo(4.92±3.49mo).Pentacam recorded the corneal astigmatism and higher-order aberration at pre-operation and post-operation.The changes in corneal astigmatism were analyzed by Alpins method.The correlation of astigmatism type,age,corneal horizontal diameter,corneal thickness,arc incision length,and correction index(CI)was analyzed,and the residual corneal astigmatism was compared with the residual whole eye astigmatism.RESULTS:Totally 79 patients(102 eyes)were enrolled,10 patients had corneal epithelial injury,1 patient occurred corneal epithelial hyperplasia.The corneal astigmatism was 1.23±0.38 D pre-operation,and decreased to 0.76±0.39 D post-operation(t=10.146,P=0.000).Corneal high-order aberration was 0.17±0.08μm pre-operation and 0.24±0.11μm post-operation(t=-5.186,P=0.000).The residual corneal astigmatism and residual whole eye astigmatism were no significant difference(t=-0.347,P=0.729).Using Alpin’s method,the following were determined:target-induced astigmatism(TIA)=1.23±0.38 D,surgeryinduced astigmatism(SIA)=0.77±0.45 D,difference vector(DV)=0.77±0.39 D,and CI=0.54±0.28.Age,astigmatism size,corneal horizontal diameter,corneal thickness,and arc incision length were not correlated with CI.The CI for against the rule astigmatism(ATR)was better than that for with the rule astigmatism(WTR;P=0.001).CONCLUSION:Femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy has better CI of ATR,but increase higher-order corneal aberration.CI is not ideal,it’s not a perfect choice if we pursue ideal correction effect.

Correction of low corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery

· AIM: To evaluate and compare aspheric toric intraocular lens(IOL) implantation and aspheric monofocal IOL implantation with limbal relaxing incisions(LRI) to manage low corneal astigmatism(1.0-2.0 D) in cataract surgery.· METHODS: A prospective randomized comparative clinical study was performed. There were randomly recruited 102 eyes(102 patients) with cataracts associated with corneal astigmatism and divided into two groups. The first group received toric IOL implantation and the second one monofocal IOL implantation with peripheral corneal relaxing incisions. Outcomes considered were: visual acuity, postoperative residual astigmatism, endothelial cell count, the need for spectacles, and patient satisfaction. To determine the postoperative toric axis, all patients who underwent the toric IOL implantation were further evaluated using an OPD Scan III(Nidek Co, Japan). Follow-up lasted 6mo.· RESULTS: The mean uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCVA) and the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) demonstrated statistically significant improvement after surgery in both groups. At the end of the follow-up the UCVA was statistically better in the patients with toric IOL implants compared to those patients who underwent implantation of monofocal IOL plus LRI. The mean residual refractive astigmatism was of 0.4 D for the toric IOL group and 1.1 D for the LRI group(P 【0.01). No difference was observed in the postoperative endothelial cell count between the two groups.· CONCLUSION: The two surgical procedures demonstrated a significant decrease in refractive astigmatism. Toric IOL implantation was more effective and predictable compared to the limbal relaxing incision.

Clinical evaluation of surgery-induced astigmatism in cataract surgery using 2.2 mm or 1.8 mm clear corneal micro-incisions

AIM： To evaluate corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification using 2.2 mm or 1.8 mm clear corneal micro-incisions and its effects on visual function.METHODS： Sixty cases （60 eyes） with cataract were randomly divided into groups A （n=30） and B （n=30） respectively underwent 2.2 mm and 1.8 mm clear corneal tunnel incision phacoemulsification combined with folding intraocular lens implantation from the time direction of 11：00. On day 1 and at 1, 4, and 6wk after operation, patients’ vision was measured and both the corneal curvature and corneal thickness （CT） were recorded using Pentacam.RESULTS： The measured surgery-induced astigmatism （SIA） in both groups A and B peaked on day 1 after operation, and then gradually decreased and eventually stabilized in week 4. No statistically significant difference was found in corneal astigmatism between two groups （P〉0.05）. The measured corneal astigmatism at 4wk and 6wk postoperatively were 0.28±0.09 D and 0.27±0.10 D for groups A and 0.27±0.09 D and 0.25±0.10 D for groups B without statistically significant difference （P〉0.05）. In addition, no significant differences in visual acuity and CT were found between groups A and B before or after operation.CONCLUSION： Both 2.2 mm and 1.8 mm micro-incision cataract surgeries result in relatively small SIA with no difference in visual function and corneal astigmatism between two surgery approaches. Thus, the two types of surgical systems are safe and efficient for cataract treatment, by which satisfactory uncorrected visual acuity can be regained early postoperatively.

Comparison of surgically induced astigmatism in various incisions in manual small incision cataract surgery

AIMTo determine the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) in Straight, Frown and Inverted V shape (Chevron) incisions in manual small incision cataract surgery (SICS).

Case Report: Observation of Postoperative Refractive Status of Glaucoma Combined with Cataract and Irregular Astigmatism

Significance: So far, many scholars have studied the astigmatism caused by glaucoma surgery, but they cannot provide enough useful help for the clinic. When a patient has glaucoma, cataracts and irregular astigmatism at the same time, it is often difficult to achieve satisfactory results. Purpose: This study intends to describe a case of a patient with glaucoma, irregular astigmatism, and cataract who was successfully treated. Additionally, it can serve as a useful source of inspiration for the future care of patients like this. Case Presentation: A 24-year-old male with keratoconus in the past. He had undergone a corneal crosslinking operation in the right eye and a penetrating keratoplasty in the left eye due to his long history of keratoconus in both eyes. Right now, the keratoconus in that eye is stable. Unfortunately, he has now been diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma and complicated cataracts in both eyes, and he was admitted to our hospital for surgery. The right eye had significant irregular astigmatism, which was discovered during the preoperative assessment, and the implantation of a Toric intraocular lens was unable to produce good results. Finally, we chose to perform EXPRESS glaucoma drainage device implantation + phacoemulsification + intraocular lense (ZEISS CT ASPHINA 409MP) implantation. The patient had stable postoperative astigmatism with rule thanks to the traction effect of the scleral flap suture. Astigmatism was typically stable six months after surgery, and the corrected visual acuity with glasses had improved to 20/25. Conclusion: This patient suffers from cataracts, keratoconus, glaucoma, and irregular astigmatism. Due to the interconnectedness of these four disorders, simultaneous success is challenging. We realized that surgically induced astigmatism, frequently affects vision early after filtering surgery for glaucoma patients. In the instance of this patient, we tightly sutured the scleral flap and using tractive action, established regular astigmatism. After the patient’s astigmatism stabilized, optometry was given to correct the vision. This technique should result in much better visual acuity. Finally, it came to pass.

New direction for surgery:Super minimally invasive surgery

The top goal of modern medicine is treating disease without destroying organ structures and making patients as healthy as they were before their sickness.Minimally invasive surgery(MIS)has dominated the surgical realm because of its lesser invasiveness.However,changes in anatomical structures of the body and reconstruction of internal organs or different organs are common after traditional surgery or MIS,decreasing the quality of life of patients post-operation.Thus,I propose a new treatment mode,super MIS(SMIS),which is defined as“curing a disease or lesion which used to be treated by MIS while preserving the integrity of the organs”.In this study,I describe the origin,definition,operative channels,advantages,and future perspectives of SMIS.

Bariatric surgery and diabetes:Current challenges and perspectives

Diabetes mellitus(DM)and obesity have become public issues of global concern.Bariatric surgery for the treatment of obesity combined with type 2 DM has been shown to be a safe and effective approach;however,there are limited studies that have systematically addressed the challenges of surgical treatment of obesity combined with DM.In this review,we summarize and answer the most pressing questions in the field of surgical treatment of obesity-associated DM.I believe that our insights will be of great help to clinicians in their daily practice.

Non-Penetrating Femtosecond Laser Intrastromal Astigmatic Keratotomy Performed during Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery: Results on Keratometric Astigmatism

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of non-penetrating femtosecond laser intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy (ISAK) in terms of topographic and refractive changes. Methods: Retrospective study including 42 eyes (35 patients) with a corneal astigmatism between 0.5 and 1.5 D. All eyes underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with ISAK for astigmatism management using the Catalys laser system (Johnson & Johnson Vision). Visual acuity, refraction, as well as corneal topographic and corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) changes were evaluated during a 12-month follow-up. Astigmatic changes were analyzed using the Alpins vector method. Results: A significant reduction in manifest cylinder was observed at 1 month postoperatively (p = 0.03), with no significant changes afterwards (p = 0.90). A total of 38.1%, 52.4% and 59.2% of eyes had a manifest cylinder of 0.50 D or lower preoperatively and at 1 and 12 months after surgery, respectively. A significant reduction was found in topographic astigmatism at 1 month postoperatively (p < 0.01), with an additionally small but statistically significant reduction afterwards (p < 0.01). No significant changes in postoperative uncorrected (p = 0.97) and corrected visual acuities (p = 0.40) were observed during the follow-up. There was a trend to undercorrection of corneal astigmatism that decreased significantly over time. This led to some variability in changes of refractive astigmatism. A small but significant reduction in ECD was observed at 1 month postoperatively (p Conclusions: Femtosecond laser assisted ISAK is an effective and safe option to reduce corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery and consequently refractive astigmatism.

Effect of femtosecond laser-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incisions on preexisting corneal regular astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery

AIM:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of femtosecond laser-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incisions for correcting preexisting corneal astigmatism performed at the time of cataract surgery.METHODS:This prospective case series study comprised consecutive age-related cataract patients with corneal regular astigmatism(range:+0.75 to+2.50 D)who had femtosecond laser-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incisions(single or paired).Corneal astigmatism was performed with the Pentacam preoperatively and 3 mo postoperatively.Total corneal astigmatism and steepestmeridian measured in the 3-mm central zone were used to guide the location,size and number of clear corneal incision.The vector analysis of astigmatic change was performed using the Alpins method.RESULTS:Totally 138 eyes of 138 patients were included.The mean preoperative corneal astigmatism was 1.31±0.41 D,and was significantly reduced to 0.69±0.34 D(equivalent to difference vector)after surgery(P<0.01).The surgically-induced astigmatism was 1.02±0.54 D.The correction index(ratio of target induced astigmatism and surgically-induced astigmatism:0.72±0.36)as well as the magnitude of error(difference between surgically-induced astigmatism and target induced astigmatism:-0.29±0.51)represented a slight under correction.For angle of error,the arithmetic mean was 1.11±13.70,indicating no significant systematic alignment errors.CONCLUSION:Femtosecond-assisted steepest-meridian clear corneal incision is a fast,customizable,adjustable,precise,and safe technique for the reduction of low to moderate corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery.

Toric Intraocular Lens vs. Peripheral Corneal Relaxing Incisions to Correct Astigmatism in Eyes Undergoing Cataract Surgery

Purpose:.To compare toric intraocular lens implantation(ToricIOL).with peripheral corneal relaxing incisions(PCRIs) for astigmatism correction in patients undergoing cataract surgery.Methods: 54 patients(54 eyes) with more than 0.75 diopter(D).of preexisting corneal astigmatism were classified as group A(0.75-1.50D) or group B(1.75-2.50D). The patients were randomized to undergo Toric-IOL or PCRIs in the steep axis with spherical IOL implantation..Log MAR uncorrected visual acuity(Log MAR UCVA), Log MAR best corrected vi sual acuity.(Log MAR BCVA),.error of vector(|EV|), surgery induced refraction correction.(|SIRC |),.and correction rates(CR) were measured 1 month and 6 months postoperatively.Results: At 6 months postoperatively, all 54 eyes had LogMAR BCVA≤0.2. Patients who underwent PCRIs and ToricIOL with Log MAR BCVA≤0.1 showed no significant differences in group A(P=1.00) or in group B(P=0.59). Group A showed no significant differences in Log MAR UCVA(P =0.70), |EV|(P=0.13), |SIRC|(P=0.71), and CR(P=0.56)in patients underwent PCRIs and Toric-IOL. However, group B showed significant differences in Log MAR UCVA(P <0.01), |EV|(P<0.01)), |SIRC|(P<0.01), and CR(P<0.01).The Log MAR UCVA and |EV | between 1 and 6 months showed no significant differences in patients in group A. However, in group B, they are significant differences.Conclusion:.The efficacy and stability of Toric-IOL and PCRIs were equal in low astigmatic patients..Toric-IOL achieved an enhanced effect over PCRIs in higher astigmatic patients.PCRIs had the more refractive regression than Toric-IOL in 6months.

Factors associated with corneal astigmatism change after ptosis surgery

AIM: To evaluate the predictive factors of postoperative corneal astigmatism change in ptosis patients who underwent ptosis surgical repair.METHODS: Patients who underwent levator resection at Oculoplastic service of the Department of Ophthalmology, Naresuan University Hospital, Thailand between September 2017 and August 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Changes in degree and axis of corneal astigmatism after ptosis surgery were compared based on patient factors consisting of age at operation, sex, preoperative marginreflex distance(MRD) 1, and preoperative degree and axis of corneal astigmatism.RESULTS: Forty-two eyes of 28 patients were included in the study. Wilcoxon signed ranks test showed a significant postoperative corneal astigmatism change only in a subgroup of eyes with preoperative astigmatism of ≥1.5 diopters(D;P=0.006). Furthermore, 72.2%(13/18) of the eyes with preoperative astigmatism of ≥1.5 D showed a reduction of astigmatism after eyelid surgery, with the mean astigmatic change of 0.65 D. Majority of preoperative eyes demonstrated with-the-rule astigmatism pattern(45.2%), of which 57.9% showed a reduced degree of astigmatism.CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing ptosis surgery, the data demonstrate for the first time the association between postoperative corneal astigmatism change and a preoperative corneal astigmatism of ≥1.5 D. Thus, we encourage considering severity of corneal astigmatism prior to cataract or refractive surgery planning in ptosis patients, especially with toric-intraocular lens, to avoid the possibility of calculation error.

Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision during Surgery: Discussing Laparoscopic Images with ChatGPT4—Preliminary Results

Introduction: Ultrafast latest developments in artificial intelligence (ΑΙ) have recently multiplied concerns regarding the future of robotic autonomy in surgery. However, the literature on the topic is still scarce. Aim: To test a novel AI commercially available tool for image analysis on a series of laparoscopic scenes. Methods: The research tools included OPENAI CHATGPT 4.0 with its corresponding image recognition plugin which was fed with a list of 100 laparoscopic selected snapshots from common surgical procedures. In order to score reliability of received responses from image-recognition bot, two corresponding scales were developed ranging from 0 - 5. The set of images was divided into two groups: unlabeled (Group A) and labeled (Group B), and according to the type of surgical procedure or image resolution. Results: AI was able to recognize correctly the context of surgical-related images in 97% of its reports. For the labeled surgical pictures, the image-processing bot scored 3.95/5 (79%), whilst for the unlabeled, it scored 2.905/5 (58.1%). Phases of the procedure were commented in detail, after all successful interpretations. With rates 4 - 5/5, the chatbot was able to talk in detail about the indications, contraindications, stages, instrumentation, complications and outcome rates of the operation discussed. Conclusion: Interaction between surgeon and chatbot appears to be an interesting frontend for further research by clinicians in parallel with evolution of its complex underlying infrastructure. In this early phase of using artificial intelligence for image recognition in surgery, no safe conclusions can be drawn by small cohorts with commercially available software. Further development of medically-oriented AI software and clinical world awareness are expected to bring fruitful information on the topic in the years to come.

Fully automatic AI segmentation of oral surgery-related tissues based on cone beam computed tomography images

Accurate segmentation of oral surgery-related tissues from cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)images can significantly accelerate treatment planning and improve surgical accuracy.In this paper,we propose a fully automated tissue segmentation system for dental implant surgery.Specifically,we propose an image preprocessing method based on data distribution histograms,which can adaptively process CBCT images with different parameters.Based on this,we use the bone segmentation network to obtain the segmentation results of alveolar bone,teeth,and maxillary sinus.We use the tooth and mandibular regions as the ROI regions of tooth segmentation and mandibular nerve tube segmentation to achieve the corresponding tasks.The tooth segmentation results can obtain the order information of the dentition.The corresponding experimental results show that our method can achieve higher segmentation accuracy and efficiency compared to existing methods.Its average Dice scores on the tooth,alveolar bone,maxillary sinus,and mandibular canal segmentation tasks were 96.5%,95.4%,93.6%,and 94.8%,respectively.These results demonstrate that it can accelerate the development of digital dentistry.

Effectiveness of toric soft contact lenses for vision correction in patients with different degrees of astigmatism: a real-world study

AIM:To assess the visual correction of patients with different degrees of astigmatism with toric soft contact lenses(TSC).METHODS:It was a real-world study with prospective and single-arm design.A total of 384 patients with astigmatism who came for TSC fitting and alignment from November 2022 to January 2023 were included.According to the difference in astigmatism,patients were divided into groups A(cylinder degree:-0.75 to-0.50 D),B(cylinder degree:-1.75 to-1.00 D)and C(cylinder degree≤-2.00 D),and followed up on the day of wear,1wk,1 and 3mo,mainly to observe visual acuity,refraction,lens fit,visual quality and comfort at 1wk after wear.The visual acuity success rate and the overall success rate of the fitting were evaluation indicators(taking into account the four dimensions of visual acuity,fitting,quality of vision and comfort).The visual acuity success rate was calculated by taking“corrected visual acuity with contact lenses is no less than 1 line or better than best spectacle-corrected visual acuity”(i.e.corrected visual acuity with contact lenses is 1 line below,equal to,one line above or more than best spectaclecorrected visual acuity)as the criterion for visual success,and the the overall success rate of the fitting was calculated by using the comprehensive indicators(visual acuity,fit,visual quality,comfort)to meet certain conditions as the judgment criteria for successful fitting.RESULTS:After 1wk of wearing TSC,the visual acuity success rates of patients were 100%(207/207),98.58%(139/141)and 97.22%(35/36)in the three groups,respectively,with residual cylinder closed to 0.The acceptability of the lens fitting was over 95%;the incidence of adverse visual symptoms was within 10%and the comfort acceptability was over 97%.The overall success rate of fitting for patients with high,medium and low astigmatism was 93.72%(194/207),90.78%(128/141)and 88.89%(32/36),respectively.CONCLUSION:TSC(model:G&G POP·CT)are effective in correcting astigmatism in patients with different degrees of astigmatism.