Surgical approaches to correct corneal astigmatism at time of cataract surgery: a mini-review

Among refractive errors,astigmatism is the most common optical aberration,where refraction changes in different meridians of the eye.It causes blurred vision at any distance and includes corneal,lenticular,and retinal astigmatism.Cataract surgery used to cause a progressive increase in the pre-exisiting corneal astigmatism because of creating a surgically induced astigmatism,for example,a large size surgery incision.The development of surgical techniques during last decades has made cataract surgery interchange to treat preoperative corneal astigmatism at time of surgery.Nowadays,three surgical approaches can be used.By placing a sutureless clear corneal incision on the steep meridian of the cornea,a preoperative corneal astigmatism less than 1.0 D can be corrected.Single or paired peripheral corneal relaxing incisions(PCRIs)provide 1.0-3.0 D corneal astigmatism correction.PCRIs are typically used for treating 1.0-1.5 D of regular corneal astigmatism,if more than 2.0 D,the risk of overcorrection and irregular astigmatism is increased.When toric intraocular lenses(IOLs)are unavailable in markets,PCRIs are still a reasonable option for patients with up to 3.0 D of pre-existing corneal astigmatism.Toric IOLs implantation can correct 1.0-4.5 D of corneal astigmatism.Several IOLs are approved to correct a high degree of corneal astigmatism with cylinder power up to 12.0 D.These approaches can be used alone or in combination.

Effect of low-degree astigmatism on the objective visual quality

AIM:To evaluate the effect of low-degree astigmatism on objective visual quality through the Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS).METHODS:This study enrolled 46 participants(aged 23 to 30y,90 eyes)with normal or corrected-to-normal vision.The cylindrical lenses(0,0.5,0.75,1.0,and 1.25 D)were placed at the axial direction(180°,45°,90°,and 135°)in front of the eyes with the best correction to form 16 types of regular low-degree astigmatism.OQAS was used to detect the objective visual quality,recorded as the objective scattering index(OSI),OQAS values at contrasts of 100%,20%,and 9%predictive visual acuity(OV100%,OV20%,and OV9%),modulation transfer function cut-off(MTFcut-off)and Strehl ratio(SR).The mixed effect linear model was used to compare objective visual quality differences between groups and examine associations between astigmatic magnitude and objective visual quality parameters.RESULTS:Apparent negative relationships between the magnitude of low astigmatism and objective visual quality were observed.The increase of OSI per degree of astigmatism at 180°,45°,90°,and 135°axis were 0.38(95%CI:0.35,0.42),0.50(95%CI:0.46,0.53),0.49(95%CI:0.45,0.54)and 0.37(95%CI:0.34,0.41),respectively.The decrease of MTFcut-off per degree of astigmatism at 180°,45°,90°,and 135°axis were-10.30(95%CI:-11.43,-9.16),-12.73(95%CI:-13.62,-11.86),-12.75(95%CI:-13.79,-11.70),and-9.97(95%CI:-10.92,-9.03),respectively.At the same astigmatism degree,OSI at 45°and 90°axis were higher than that at 0°and 135°axis,while MTFcut-off were lower.CONCLUSION:Low astigmatism of only 0.50 D can significantly reduce the objective visual quality.

Progression of Corneal Astigmatism after Phaco-Alternative at the University Hospital Center of the Oueme-Plateau Department in Porto-Novo

Objective: To study the postoperative evolution of corneal astigmatism following phaco-alternative at the University Hospital Center of Ouémé-Plateau (UHC-OP) in Porto-Novo. Method: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study with a descriptive and analytical purpose conducted from April 19 to September 20, 2021;a period of 6 months. The study included all patients presenting with senile or non-senile cataracts without a history of corneal trauma and who underwent phaco-alternative during the study period. Results: A total of 62 eyes underwent phaco-alternative. The average age was 63 ± 12 years with a male predominance of 59.7%. Phaco-alternative was performed with 74.2% linear incision and 25.8% smile incision. Perioperative incidents were mainly capsular ruptures with vitreous loss occurring in 8.1% of cases. The mean preoperative astigmatism was 1.29 ± 1.5 D with an axis of 180˚ ± 20˚, indicating with-the-rule astigmatism. The mean postoperative astigmatism was 2.2 ± 1.5 D with an axis of 90˚ ± 20˚, indicating against-the-rule astigmatism. The mean induced astigmatism at Day 30 was 1.4 ± 1.2 D for smile incision and 1.8 ± 1.2 D for linear incision. Conclusion: Phaco-alternative yields good results with few complications but remains astigmatogenic. The smile incision appears to be less astigmatogenic.

Clinical Effect Analysis of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation for Correcting High Myopia and Astigmatism

Objective:To explore the corrective effect of posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation with phakic eyes in the treatment of high myopia and astigmatism.Methods:From May 2023,the hospital began to collect the case data of diagnosis and treatment of high myopia and astigmatism.By May 2024,310 cases were included,all of which were treated with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.The visual acuity,astigmatism and axial position of the intraocular lens were observed before and after treatment.Results:At different time points after the operation,the patient’s vision was significantly improved compared with that before the operation(P<0.05),and the vision level was equal to or greater than the best-corrected vision before the operation.At different time points after the operation,the average rotation of the intraocular lens was less than 5 degrees.Astigmatism was significantly lower than that before the operation(P<0.05).After the operation,the intraocular pressure increased in 11 cases,accounting for 3.55%,with no adverse complications such as lens turbidity,glare and obvious halo occurring.Conclusion:The posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation with phakic eyes has an ideal correction effect in the treatment of high myopia and astigmatism,which can effectively improve the vision level of patients and reduce the degree of astigmatism,and has high effectiveness and safety.

Symmetrical femtosecond laser arc incision in correcting corneal astigmatism in cataract patients

AIM:To evaluate the effect of symmetrical arc incision correcting corneal astigmatism in femtosecond laserassisted phacoemulsification(FLACS).METHODS:This study enrolled patients with cataract combined with regular corneal astigmatism of>0.75 D,who underwent FLACS.Symmetrical arc incision was set at 8 mm diameter and 85%depth.The follow-up time was 3-24mo(4.92±3.49mo).Pentacam recorded the corneal astigmatism and higher-order aberration at pre-operation and post-operation.The changes in corneal astigmatism were analyzed by Alpins method.The correlation of astigmatism type,age,corneal horizontal diameter,corneal thickness,arc incision length,and correction index(CI)was analyzed,and the residual corneal astigmatism was compared with the residual whole eye astigmatism.RESULTS:Totally 79 patients(102 eyes)were enrolled,10 patients had corneal epithelial injury,1 patient occurred corneal epithelial hyperplasia.The corneal astigmatism was 1.23±0.38 D pre-operation,and decreased to 0.76±0.39 D post-operation(t=10.146,P=0.000).Corneal high-order aberration was 0.17±0.08μm pre-operation and 0.24±0.11μm post-operation(t=-5.186,P=0.000).The residual corneal astigmatism and residual whole eye astigmatism were no significant difference(t=-0.347,P=0.729).Using Alpin’s method,the following were determined:target-induced astigmatism(TIA)=1.23±0.38 D,surgeryinduced astigmatism(SIA)=0.77±0.45 D,difference vector(DV)=0.77±0.39 D,and CI=0.54±0.28.Age,astigmatism size,corneal horizontal diameter,corneal thickness,and arc incision length were not correlated with CI.The CI for against the rule astigmatism(ATR)was better than that for with the rule astigmatism(WTR;P=0.001).CONCLUSION:Femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy has better CI of ATR,but increase higher-order corneal aberration.CI is not ideal,it’s not a perfect choice if we pursue ideal correction effect.

Effectiveness of toric soft contact lenses for vision correction in patients with different degrees of astigmatism: a real-world study

AIM:To assess the visual correction of patients with different degrees of astigmatism with toric soft contact lenses(TSC).METHODS:It was a real-world study with prospective and single-arm design.A total of 384 patients with astigmatism who came for TSC fitting and alignment from November 2022 to January 2023 were included.According to the difference in astigmatism,patients were divided into groups A(cylinder degree:-0.75 to-0.50 D),B(cylinder degree:-1.75 to-1.00 D)and C(cylinder degree≤-2.00 D),and followed up on the day of wear,1wk,1 and 3mo,mainly to observe visual acuity,refraction,lens fit,visual quality and comfort at 1wk after wear.The visual acuity success rate and the overall success rate of the fitting were evaluation indicators(taking into account the four dimensions of visual acuity,fitting,quality of vision and comfort).The visual acuity success rate was calculated by taking“corrected visual acuity with contact lenses is no less than 1 line or better than best spectacle-corrected visual acuity”(i.e.corrected visual acuity with contact lenses is 1 line below,equal to,one line above or more than best spectaclecorrected visual acuity)as the criterion for visual success,and the the overall success rate of the fitting was calculated by using the comprehensive indicators(visual acuity,fit,visual quality,comfort)to meet certain conditions as the judgment criteria for successful fitting.RESULTS:After 1wk of wearing TSC,the visual acuity success rates of patients were 100%(207/207),98.58%(139/141)and 97.22%(35/36)in the three groups,respectively,with residual cylinder closed to 0.The acceptability of the lens fitting was over 95%;the incidence of adverse visual symptoms was within 10%and the comfort acceptability was over 97%.The overall success rate of fitting for patients with high,medium and low astigmatism was 93.72%(194/207),90.78%(128/141)and 88.89%(32/36),respectively.CONCLUSION:TSC(model:G&G POP·CT)are effective in correcting astigmatism in patients with different degrees of astigmatism.

Case Report: Observation of Postoperative Refractive Status of Glaucoma Combined with Cataract and Irregular Astigmatism

Significance: So far, many scholars have studied the astigmatism caused by glaucoma surgery, but they cannot provide enough useful help for the clinic. When a patient has glaucoma, cataracts and irregular astigmatism at the same time, it is often difficult to achieve satisfactory results. Purpose: This study intends to describe a case of a patient with glaucoma, irregular astigmatism, and cataract who was successfully treated. Additionally, it can serve as a useful source of inspiration for the future care of patients like this. Case Presentation: A 24-year-old male with keratoconus in the past. He had undergone a corneal crosslinking operation in the right eye and a penetrating keratoplasty in the left eye due to his long history of keratoconus in both eyes. Right now, the keratoconus in that eye is stable. Unfortunately, he has now been diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma and complicated cataracts in both eyes, and he was admitted to our hospital for surgery. The right eye had significant irregular astigmatism, which was discovered during the preoperative assessment, and the implantation of a Toric intraocular lens was unable to produce good results. Finally, we chose to perform EXPRESS glaucoma drainage device implantation + phacoemulsification + intraocular lense (ZEISS CT ASPHINA 409MP) implantation. The patient had stable postoperative astigmatism with rule thanks to the traction effect of the scleral flap suture. Astigmatism was typically stable six months after surgery, and the corrected visual acuity with glasses had improved to 20/25. Conclusion: This patient suffers from cataracts, keratoconus, glaucoma, and irregular astigmatism. Due to the interconnectedness of these four disorders, simultaneous success is challenging. We realized that surgically induced astigmatism, frequently affects vision early after filtering surgery for glaucoma patients. In the instance of this patient, we tightly sutured the scleral flap and using tractive action, established regular astigmatism. After the patient’s astigmatism stabilized, optometry was given to correct the vision. This technique should result in much better visual acuity. Finally, it came to pass.

25G玻璃体切除联合超声乳化手术中散光人工晶状体的应用

目的观察25G玻璃体切除联合超声乳化手术中植入环曲面人工晶状体(Toric intraocular lens,Toric IOL)的临床效果及稳定性。方法回顾分析武汉市第一医院行白内障超声乳化吸出+ToricIOL植入患者58例(58眼),其中A组20例(20眼)为1期行25G玻璃体切除联合白内障超声乳化吸出+ToricIOL植入患者。B组18例(18眼)为25G玻璃体切除术后,2期行白内障超声乳化吸出+ToricIOL植入患者。C组20例(20眼)为单纯白内障超声乳化吸出+ToricIOL植入患者。术后随访6月。观察三组患者术前及术后视力、残余散光度、术后ToricIOL在眼内的旋转度、偏心量及像差。结果术后6月,三组患者裸眼远视力(uncorrected distance visual acuity,UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)均显著高于术前,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。术后1周、1月、3月及6月,A组散光分别为(0.95±0.34)D、(1.01±0.34)D、(1.23±0.35)D、(1.21±0.32)D,B组散光分别为(0.92±0.31)D、(1.14±0.33)D、(1.21±0.31)D、(1.22±0.33)D,均明显高于C组各时间点[(0.65±0.29)D、(0.73±0.24)D、(0.91±0.34)D、(0.96±0.37)D],差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。术后6月,A组IOL平均旋转(4.85±1.23)°,B组IOL平均旋转(4.78±1.56)°,显著高于C组[(3.80±1.20)°](均P<0.05),A组与B组间比较差异没有统计学意义。A组与B组全眼总像差、全眼总低阶像差(不包括离焦)、全眼总高阶像差差异没有统计学意义,但均高于C组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。A组、B组、C组平均偏心量分别为(0.284±0.060)mm、(0.278±0.069)mm、(0.265±0.047)mm,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于伴有角膜散光和玻璃体疾病的白内障患者,选择ToricIOL植入,能够实现较好的旋转稳定性,偏心程度小,从而获得更好的视觉质量。1期行玻璃体切除联合白内障手术与2期白内障手术比较,植入ToricIOL的稳定性没有明显差异。

囊袋张力环联合Toric人工晶状体植入治疗高度近视合并角膜散光的白内障

目的研究伴有角膜散光的高度近视白内障患者进行超声乳化+环曲面人工晶状体(Toric intraocular lens,Toric IOL)及囊袋张力环(capsular tension ring,CTR)植入术的临床效果及稳定性。方法通过回顾性研究,分析在武汉市第一医院行白内障超声乳化吸除术的高度近视伴有角膜散光的患眼54例(76眼),其中31例(38眼)联合植入Toric IOL及CTR(联合组),23例(38眼)单纯植入Toric IOL(对照组)。术后随访6个月,比较两组患者术前及术后视力、角膜内皮细胞密度、人工晶状体旋转度、残余散光度,以及并发症发生情况。结果术后6月,两组患者裸眼远视力(uncorrected distance visual acuity,UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)均显著高于术前,联合组术后UCVA(LogMAR)优于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(0.34±0.15)vs.(0.46±0.25),P<0.05]。术后1周、1月、3月及6月,联合组散光分别为(0.38±0.31)、(0.45±0.25)、(0.47±0.23)、(0.56±0.26),均明显低于对照组各时间点(均P<0.01)。术后6月联合组IOL平均旋转(2.63±0.94)°,显著低于对照组的(4.00±1.43)°(P<0.01)。两组间各时间点角膜内皮细胞密度比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。联合组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对于高度近视伴角膜散光的白内障患者,术中植入Toric IOL的同时联合应用CTR,安全性好,能够改善Toric IOL旋转稳定性,提高视觉质量,并且减少并发症。

杭州市萧山区白内障患者术前角膜散光分布特征

目的探讨杭州市萧山区白内障患者角膜散光分布规律,及各年龄层的分布差异。方法收集2051眼白内障患者术前角膜屈光数据。对患者角膜屈光力、散光度数和散光轴位进行统计,分析不同年龄组中的分布差异。结果角膜散光度数(0.96±0.67)D。顺规散光619眼(30.18%),逆规散光1034眼(50.41%);顺规散光≥0.75 D有357眼(17.41%),逆规散光≥0.75 D有644眼(31.40%)。各年龄组间角膜平坦轴屈光力(k1),角膜陡峭轴屈光力(k2)分布及散光度数(ast)差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。年龄增长与k1、k2及ast变化呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论杭州市萧山区白内障患者伴有较高的角膜散光发生率,角膜散光类型有从顺规散光向逆规散光转化的趋势。

1.8mm角膜微切口与3.0mm角膜切口同轴白内障超声乳化术对角膜内皮及术源性散光的对照观察

目的观察比较白内障超声乳化术1.8mm角膜切口与3.0mm角膜切口对角膜内皮和术源性散光的影响。方法根据不同术式将120例白内障患者随机分为1.8mm切口观察组与3.0mm切口对照组行预劈核超声乳化治疗,观察两组病例平均超声时间,平均超声能量,术前,第1d,1wk,1mo的视力、角膜散光变化、角膜内皮计数等情况。结果观察组和对照组有效超乳时间9.51±1.17,9.48±1.21及平均超乳能量(10.01±1.02)%(9.9±1.19)%比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术前视力0.11±0.057,0.10±0.012比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),术后第1d两组视力0.376±0.071,0.319±0.14比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1wk;1mo两组视力0.410±0.14,0.356±0.12,0.429±0.15,0.364±0.14比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。平均角膜散光两组术前0.59±0.25,0.61±0.30比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后两组第1d(0.91±0.42,1.15±0.41),1wk(0.76±0.26,0.95±0.24)和1mo(0.66±0.23,0.74±0.25)比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。角膜内皮计数两组术前2753.32±324.12,2645.36±321.45比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后第1d(2412.36±541.12,2397.62±204.21),1wk(2365.35±233.72,2351.36±248.63)和1mo(2298.37±251.89,2209.45±373.07),比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论,1.8mm切口超声乳化术同传统3.0mm切口组比较,不导致超乳效率下降及更多的角膜内皮细胞的损伤,且术后医源性散光相较更小,术后视力更佳。

区域折射型人工晶状体对散光的包容性

目的:探讨年龄相关性白内障患者行白内障超声乳化摘除联合区域折射型人工晶状体(IOL)植入术后残余散光对视觉质量的影响,评估区域折射型IOL对散光的包容性。方法:回顾性队列研究。收集2020-07/2022-03于我院眼科行白内障超声乳化摘除联合区域折射型IOL(Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15)植入术的年龄相关性白内障患者62例73眼的临床资料,根据术后6 mo残余散光度数进行分组,0.75 D<残余散光度数≤1.50 D的患者35例40眼作为试验组,残余散光度数≤0.75 D的患者27例33眼作为对照组。比较两组患者术后6 mo视力、离焦曲线、客观视觉质量[波前像差、斯泰尔比值(SR)、调制传递函数(MTF)]、主观视觉质量(视功能问卷评分)、满意度及脱镜率情况。结果:两组患者术前散光度数及术后6 mo残余散光度数均有差异(P<0.01)。术后6 mo,两组患者裸眼远、中、近视力、客观视觉质量、主观视觉质量、满意度及脱镜率均无差异(P>0.05),离焦曲线显示,两组患者在附加球镜度数+2.00--4.00 D离焦范围内各点视力均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15 IOL能够包容1.50 D以内的规则散光。

角膜地形图引导的飞秒制瓣准分子激光手术治疗近视合并散光患者的效果

目的:观察角膜地形图引导的飞秒制瓣准分子激光手术(FS-LASIK)治疗近视合并散光患者的效果。方法:选取2018年7月至2023年7月梅州爱尔眼科医院收治的68例(136只眼)近视合并散光患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组各34例(68只眼)。对照组实施普通FS-LASIK治疗,观察组实施角膜地形图引导的FS-LASIK治疗。比较两组治疗前后视力[裸眼视力(UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、等效屈光度(SE)]水平、角膜高阶像差指标[总高阶像差(HOA)、彗差(Coma)、球差(SA)]水平、散光矫正指标[成功指数(IOS)、变平指数(FI)、矫正指数(CI)]水平和并发症发生率。结果:术后3个月,两组SE水平均高于术前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组BCVA、UCVA水平均低于术前,但组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组HOA、Coma、SA水平均高于术前,但观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组IS、CI水平均低于对照组,FI水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组均未发生严重并发症。结论:角膜地形图引导的FS-LASIK治疗近视合并散光患者,可提高等效屈光度,改善散光矫正指标水平,降低角膜高阶像差指标水平,效果优于普通FS-LASIK治疗效果。

角巩膜缘与角膜切口超声乳化术治疗老年白内障疗效对比

目的 对比角巩膜缘与角膜切口超声乳化术治疗老年白内障的临床疗效。方法 随机将80例老年白内障患者分为2组。2组均行超声乳化术,对照组采用角膜切口,观察组采用角巩膜缘切口。比较2组上皮修复时间、切口修复时间、裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、角膜散光度、手术源性角膜散光度、泪囊破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光素染色评分(FLCs)、泪液分泌试验(SIt)水平以及术后并发症发生率。结果 观察组上皮修复、切口修复时间均早于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后1周、2周、4周时裸眼视力、BCVA水平以及BUT、Sit水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后1周、2周、4周时角膜散光度、手术源性角膜散光度以及FLCs水平水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);2组术后并发症发生率(18%与12%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 角巩膜缘切口超声乳化术治疗老年白内障临床疗效较好,患者术后角膜散光度较低,且视力、泪膜功能稳定性恢复较好。

退翳明目汤联合手术治疗翼状胬肉活动期的疗效观察

目的 观察退翳明目汤联合手术治疗翼状胬肉的临床疗效。方法 纳入2018年6月—2021年6月宝鸡市中医医院诊治的翼状胬肉患者98例(98只眼),随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各49例(49只眼)。对照组以翼状胬肉切除联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植术治疗。试验组在对照组的基础上联合退翳明目汤口服。2组均观察4周,分别于治疗前、后检查2组患者散光度数、角膜垂直曲率和水平曲率、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪液分泌试验(SⅠT)。结果 2组治疗前散光度数、角膜垂直曲率和水平曲率、BUT、SⅠT比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(1)散光度数:2组治疗后散光度数均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(试验组)=59.561、t_(对照组)=42.619,均P=0.000)。治疗后试验组散光度数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=17.919,P=0.000)。(2)角膜垂直曲率:2组治疗后角膜垂直曲率均较治疗前升高,差异均有统计学意义(t_(试验组)=21.819、t_(对照组)=9.284,均P=0.000)。治疗后试验组角膜垂直曲率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=13.831,P=0.000)。(3)角膜水平曲率:2组治疗后角膜水平曲率均较治疗前升高,差异均有统计学意义(t_(试验组)=21.052、t_(对照组)=15.903,均P=0.000)。治疗后试验组角膜水平曲率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=11.241,P=0.000)。(4)BUT:2组治疗后BUT均较治疗前延长,差异均有统计学意义(t_(试验组)=14.672、t_(对照组)=8.537,均P=0.000)。治疗后,试验组BUT长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.015,P=0.000)。(5)SⅠT:2组治疗后SⅠT均较治疗前增加,差异均有统计学意义(t_(试验组)=7.781、t_(对照组)=5.426,均P=0.000)。治疗后2组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(6)并发症发生率:试验组的并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.782,P=0.029)。结论 退翳明目汤联合手术治疗翼状胬肉,有利于改善患者的泪膜功能,降低角膜散光度,同时降低并发症。

SMILE和WG-FS-LASIK治疗低度无散光近视患者术后早期视觉质量比较

目的比较飞秒激光小切口角膜基质内透镜取出术(SMILE)和波前像差引导的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(WG-FS-LASIK)治疗低度无散光近视患者术后的早期视觉质量。方法选择2022年3月至6月在广西壮族自治区人民医院视光中心行SMILE治疗的患者15例(30眼,SMILE组),行WG-FS-LASIK治疗的患者15例(30眼,WG-FS-LASIK组)。所有患者术前无散光且最佳矫正视力所需最低球镜度数均≤-3.00 D。于术前和术后1 d、1周、1个月测量视力、全眼像差(慧差、三叶草像差和球差)、客观散射指数(OSI)、调制传递函数截止频率(MTF_(cut-off))、斯特列尔比(SR)、可预测对比度视力(PVA)(包括PVA 100%、PVA 20%、PVA 9%)。比较两组观察指标测量结果。结果两组术后等效球镜、视力情况均较术前显著改善(P<0.05),但两组各时间点比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后OSI、SR、PVA 9%均较术前显著改善(P<0.05)。WG-FS-LASIK组在术后1 d、1周、1个月的OSI水平均显著低于SMILE组(P<0.05)。在术后1个月,WG-FS-LASIK组PVA 9%显著高于SMILE组(P<0.05)。SMILE组和WG-FS-LASIK组术后慧差均呈先上升后下降的趋势,但WG-FS-LASIK组变化幅度更小,在术后1 d、1周、1个月,WG-FS-LASIK组慧差小于SMILE组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论SMILE和WG-FS-LASIK均能提高低度无散光近视患者术后早期视觉质量,但WG-FS-LASIK早期视力恢复更好,且夜间视觉质量改善更优。

不同设计角膜塑形镜治疗青少年近视伴散光的效果及对角膜透明度、曲率、内皮细胞及知觉变化的影响

目的探究不同设计角膜塑形镜治疗青少年近视伴散光的效果及对角膜透明度、曲率、内皮细胞及知觉变化的影响。方法前瞻性选取2019年4月至2022年4月于中国中医科学院眼科医院就诊的114例近视伴散光青少年患者为观察对象,采用区组随机化法分为观察组57例(114眼)和对照组57例(110眼)。对照组采用球面角膜塑形镜进行矫正,观察组使用Toric角膜塑形镜进行矫正。比较两组治疗6个月后临床效果[最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、散光值],比较两组治疗前、治疗6个月后角膜结构学(角膜光密度值、曲率)、角膜内皮细胞计数、视觉质量[对比敏感度函数(CSF)]的变化。结果治疗6个月后,观察组BCVA为0.72±0.18,显著高于对照组(0.67±0.16),散光值为(1.13±0.42)D,显著低于对照组[(1.54±0.58)D],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗6个月后,两组角膜光密度值、角膜前表面和后表面中心曲率、眼球内皮细胞计数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗6个月后,观察组不同频段(高、中、低)无眩光下CSF值分别为1.85±0.17、1.66±0.15、1.02±0.21,均显著高于对照组(1.79±0.15、1.61±0.14、0.89±0.15),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论近视伴散光青少年患者配戴Toric角膜塑形镜能提高视觉质量,显著改善患者视力控制近视的进展,且安全性好,适合临床推广。

近视中小学生散光程度及轴向研究

目的:研究7-18岁近视的中小学生双眼散光程度、轴向分布及轴向对称模式。方法:随机选取2020-2022年于郑州大学第五附属医院验配角膜塑形镜矫正近视的7-18岁中小学生239例478眼,在睫状肌麻痹状态下验光,进行统计分析。结果:散光程度:0.25-1.00 D占78.5%,1.25-2.00 D占17.1%,>2.00 D占4.4%。散光轴向分布:顺规散光占86.6%,逆规散光占5.9%,斜轴散光占7.5%。性别、不同散光程度均以顺规散光为主,与其他两种轴向分布存在差异(均P<0.05)。散光的轴向对称模式:直接对称模型和镜像对称模型的散光轴向差异中位数分别是7°和10°,两者比较无差异(P=0.158),在性别、散光程度、散光轴向分布中两者均无差异,但在7-12岁组中,直接对称模型和镜像对称模型的散光轴向差异有统计学意义(P=0.027)。结论:近视的中小学生双眼散光轴向分布大多为顺规散光,散光程度以0.25-1.00 D多见,散光轴向对称模式并无倾向。

散光精准定位标记工具用于飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术矫正近视散光的效果

目的探讨散光精准定位标记工具用于飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)矫正近视散光的效果。方法选取2022年1月至12月在我院行SMILE且散光在-5.00~-1.25 D的患者120例120眼(均选右眼)作为研究对象,按随机数表将患者分为标记组(60例)和不标记组(60例)。标记组患者由手术医生使用我科自主研发的散光精准定位标记工具进行标记。所有患者分别于术前及术后1 d、术后1周、术后3个月进行检查,收集术前及术后3个月的检查数据(裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、电脑验光结果)。利用矢量分析工具计算相关散光评价指标:|平均差异矢量|(|DV|)、矫正指数(CI)、误差角度绝对值(|AofE|)。采用尼德克屈光分析仪测量患者高阶像差,包括球差、彗差、三叶草差。应用SPSS 26.0软件对两组患者相关数据进行统计学分析。结果术前两组患者最佳矫正视力、球镜度和柱镜度差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。标记组患者术后3个月裸眼视力(logMAR)优于不标记组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3个月两组患者球镜度、柱镜度差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。术后3个月两组患者|DV|、CI差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);术后3个月标记组患者|AofE|小于不标记组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前两组患者彗差、三叶草差、球差差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);术后3个月两组患者彗差、三叶草差、球差均较术前明显增加(均为P<0.05)。术后3个月标记组患者彗差小于不标记组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论散光精准定位标记工具标记后行SMILE较不标记具有更佳的散光矫正效果,能明显优化SMILE所带来的彗差,提高患者视觉质量。

人工晶状体保护下超声乳化白内障吸除术疗效及安全性评价:一项随机对照临床研究

目的观察人工晶状体(IOL)保护下超声乳化手术(PHACO)对硬核白内障患者的治疗效果。方法采用随机对照临床研究方法,连续纳入2019年1月至2022年5月于延边大学附属医院收治的Emery分级Ⅳ~Ⅴ级的硬核白内障患者120例120眼,按照随机数字表法分为PHACO组、IOL保护PHACO组和囊外白内障摘除术(ECCE)组,分别行常规PHACO、IOL保护下的PHACO和ECCE,每组40例40眼。最终99例受试者完成随访,其中PHACO组30例30眼,IOL保护PHACO组35例35眼,ECCE组34例34眼。记录各组总手术时间、术中超声乳化时间、累计释放能量。术后随访3个月,检测并比较3个组患眼角膜内皮细胞密度(ECD)、角膜内皮细胞面积变异系数(CV)、角膜六角形内皮细胞比率(6A)、角膜散光值,不同等级裸眼远视力的眼数分布;记录术中和术后并发症发生情况。结果IOL保护PHACO组与PHACO组超声能量及超声时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P=0.691、0.982)。IOL保护PHACO组和PHACO组总手术时间分别为(38.81±2.73)和(36.45±3.45)min,明显短于ECCE组的(69.60±4.35)min,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。术前3个组患者年龄、性别、晶状体核硬度等基本资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。术后3个月,PHACO组和IOL保护PHACO组裸眼视力较高的人数较ECCE组高(P=0.006、0.007);IOL保护PHACO组的ECD和6A分别为(2155.57±177.88)/mm^(2)和(41.31±5.18)%,均显著高于PHACO组的(1912.64±224.11)/mm^(2)和(36.18±3.27)%,IOL保护PHACO组的CV为(50.34±5.90)%,低于PHACO组的(55.67±3.30)%,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.007、0.003、0.005)。术后1周和3个月,IOL保护PHACO组的角膜散光度数均显著低于ECCE组,且高于PHACO组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论IOL保护下的PHACO相对常规PHACO可有效减少超声能量对角膜内皮的损伤,相对ECCE能明显缩短手术时间,减轻术后炎症反应,且并未明显增加术后角膜散光。IOL保护下的PHACO是硬核白内障患者一种有效的改良手术方式。