Performance of entanglement-assisted quantum codes with noisy ebits over asymmetric and memory channels

Entanglement-assisted quantum error correction codes(EAQECCs)play an important role in quantum communications with noise.Such a scheme can use arbitrary classical linear code to transmit qubits over noisy quantum channels by consuming some ebits between the sender(Alice)and the receiver(Bob).It is usually assumed that the preshared ebits of Bob are error free.However,noise on these ebits is unavoidable in many cases.In this work,we evaluate the performance of EAQECCs with noisy ebits over asymmetric quantum channels and quantum channels with memory by computing the exact entanglement fidelity of several EAQECCs.We consider asymmetric errors in both qubits and ebits and show that the performance of EAQECCs in entanglement fidelity gets improved for qubits and ebits over asymmetric channels.In quantum memory channels,we compute the entanglement fidelity of several EAQECCs over Markovian quantum memory channels and show that the performance of EAQECCs is lowered down by the channel memory.Furthermore,we show that the performance of EAQECCs is diverse when the error probabilities of qubits and ebits are different.In both asymmetric and memory quantum channels,we show that the performance of EAQECCs is improved largely when the error probability of ebits is reasonably smaller than that of qubits.

Degenerate asymmetric quantum concatenated codes for correcting biased quantum errors

In most practical quantum mechanical systems,quantum noise due to decoherence is highly biased towards dephasing.The quantum state suffers from phase flip noise much more seriously than from the bit flip noise.In this work,we construct new families of asymmetric quantum concatenated codes(AQCCs)to deal with such biased quantum noise.Our construction is based on a novel concatenation scheme for constructing AQCCs with large asymmetries,in which classical tensor product codes and concatenated codes are utilized to correct phase flip noise and bit flip noise,respectively.We generalize the original concatenation scheme to a more general case for better correcting degenerate errors.Moreover,we focus on constructing nonbinary AQCCs that are highly degenerate.Compared to previous literatures,AQCCs constructed in this paper show much better parameter performance than existed ones.Furthermore,we design the specific encoding circuit of the AQCCs.It is shown that our codes can be encoded more efficiently than standard quantum codes.

Quantum secret sharing based on quantum error-correcting codes

Quantum secret sharing（QSS） is a procedure of sharing classical information or quantum information by using quantum states. This paper presents how to use a [2k- 1, 1, k] quantum error-correcting code （QECC） to implement a quantum （k, 2k-1） threshold scheme. It also takes advantage of classical enhancement of the [2k-1, 1, k] QECC to establish a QSS scheme which can share classical information and quantum information simultaneously. Because information is encoded into QECC, these schemes can prevent intercept-resend attacks and be implemented on some noisy channels.

Optimal Asymmetric Quantum Codes from the Euclidean Sums of Linear Codes

In this paper,we first give the definition of the Euclidean sums of linear codes,and prove that the Euclidean sums of linear codes are Euclidean dual-containing.Then we construct two new classes of optimal asymmetric quantum error-correcting codes based on Euclidean sums of the Reed-Solomon codes,and two new classes of optimal asymmetric quantum error-correcting codes based on Euclidean sums of linear codes generated by Vandermonde matrices over finite fields.Moreover,these optimal asymmetric quantum errorcorrecting codes constructed in this paper are different from the ones in the literature.

A NOVEL CONSTRUCTION OF QUANTUM LDPC CODES BASED ON CYCLIC CLASSES OF LINES IN EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRIES

The dual-containing (or self-orthogonal) formalism of Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes provides a universal connection between a classical linear code and a Quantum Error-Correcting Code (QECC). We propose a novel class of quantum Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes constructed from cyclic classes of lines in Euclidean Geometry (EG). The corresponding constructed parity check matrix has quasi-cyclic structure that can be encoded flexibility, and satisfies the requirement of dual-containing quantum code. Taking the advantage of quasi-cyclic structure, we use a structured approach to construct Generalized Parity Check Matrix (GPCM). This new class of quantum codes has higher code rate, more sparse check matrix, and exactly one four-cycle in each pair of two rows. Ex-perimental results show that the proposed quantum codes, such as EG(2,q)II-QECC, EG(3,q)II-QECC, have better performance than that of other methods based on EG, over the depolarizing channel and decoded with iterative decoding based on the sum-product decoding algorithm.

Constructions of new families of nonbinary asymmetric quantum BCH codes and subsystem BCH codes

Two code constructions generating new families of good nonbinary asymmetric quantum BCH codes and good nonbinary subsystem BCH codes are presented in this paper.The first one is derived from q-ary Steane's enlargement of CSS codes applied to nonnarrow-sense BCH codes.The second one is derived from the method of defining sets of classical cyclic codes.The asymmetric quantum BCH codes and subsystem BCH codes here have better parameters than the ones available in the literature.

Secure deterministic communication scheme based on quantum remote state preparation

Based on the techniques of the quantum remote state preparation via a deterministic way, this paper proposes a quantum communication scheme to distribute the secret messages in two phases, i.e., the carrier state checking phase and the message state transmitting phase. In the first phase, the secret messages are encoded by the sender using a stabilizer quantum code and then transmitted to the receiver by implementing three CNOT gates. In the second phase, the communicators check the perfectness of the entanglement of the transmitted states. The messages can be distributed to the receiver even if some of the transmitted qubits are destroyed.

Photonic Communications and Quantum Information Storage Capacities

This paper presents photonic communications and data storage capacitates for classical and quantum communications over a quantum channel. These capacities represent a generalization of Shannon’s classical channel capacity and coding theorem in two ways. First, it extends classical results for bit communication transport to all frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum. Second, it extends the results to quantum bit (qubit) transport as well as a hybrid of classical and quantum communications. Nature’s limits on the rate at which classical and/or quantum information can be sent error-free over a quantum channel using classical and/or quantum error-correcting codes are presented as a function of the thermal background light level and Einstein zero-point energy. Graphical results are given as well as numerical results regarding communication rate limits using Planck’s natural frequency and time-interval units!

新的最优非对称量子纠错码的构造

非对称量子纠错码是量子纠错码中一类重要的码。因为量子比特翻转的错误概率小于量子相位翻转的错误概率,所以量子纠错需要考虑到非对称的量子信道。文章利用有限域上的经典常循环码,通过非对称量子纠错码的CSS构造法构造了2类非对称量子纠错码。所构造的非对称量子纠错码是新的,同时达到了非对称量子纠错码的Singleton界,因而也是最优的。

A Quantum Error-Correction Circuit Based on Cyclic Code

In this paper, the cyclic code of the classic circuit is transformed and transplanted; then, the quantum encoding scheme based on cyclic code and quantum error-correction circuit is constructed. The proposed circuit can correct one-bit error, and the use of redundant bits to encode more than one-bit quantum information breaks the previous limitations of many bits encoding a quantum bit. Compared with the existing coding circuits （Shor code, Steane code and five stable subcode）, it shows obvious superiority in the quantum coding efficiency and transmission efficiency.

A Construction of Quantum Error-Locating Codes

We present the construction of quantum error-locating(QEL) codes based on classical error-locating(EL)codes. Similar to classical EL codes, QEL codes lie midway between quantum error-correcting codes and quantum errordetecting codes. Then QEL codes can locate qubit errors within one sub-block of the received qubit symbols but do not need to determine the exact locations of the erroneous qubits. We show that, an e-error-locating code derived from an arbitrary binary cyclic code with generator polynomial g(x), can lead to a QEL code with e error-locating abilities, only if g(x) does not contain the(1 + x)-factor.

新的非对称量子纠错码的构造

量子纠错码在量子通信和量子计算中起着非常重要的作用,之前的量子纠错码的构造大部分都集中在对称的量子信道,即量子比特翻转的错误概率与量子相位翻转的错误概率相等。该文在非对称量子信道上,即量子比特翻转的错误概率小于量子相位翻转的错误概率,利用经典的平方剩余码和Reed-Muller码构造一批非对称的量子纠错码。同已知的非对称量子纠错码的构造方法相比,该构造方法简单。并且,利用有限域的扩域到其子域的迹映射,构造得到了更多的非对称量子纠错码。

斜对称q^2-分圆陪集及其应用研究

引入斜对称q2-分圆陪集及斜非对称偶的概念,深入考察了n=q2m-1时斜对称分圆陪集及斜非对称偶的性质及确定方法。以此为基础研究了Hermite对偶包含BCH码的极大设计距离。解决了前人留下的一个疑难问题,并改进了前人的一个判别上界,所得到的界是紧的。再利用所得到的满足Hermite对偶包含条件的非狭义BCH码构造出一些具有很好参数的量子纠错码,这些量子码超过已有文献中由狭义BCH码构造的量子纠错码。

利用立方图的线图构造量子纠错码

量子纠错码在量子通信和量子计算中起着非常重要的作用,之前的量子纠错码的构造大部分都是利用经典的纠错码来构造得到,如Hamming码,BCH码,RS码,Reed-Muller码等各种经典纠错码。目前,很少有人利用图生成的线性码方法来构造量子纠错码,提出了一个新的构造量子纠错码和非对称量子纠错码的方法,即利用n立方图的线图生成的二元线性码来构造量子纠错码和非对称量子纠错码,得到了一类新的量子纠错码和非对称量子纠错码,并且,当码字的长度较大时,对所构造的非对称量子纠错码,在非对称信道上有更大的纠错能力。

基于多项式基的非对称量子纠错码的构造

量子纠错码在量子计算和量子通信中起着至关重要的作用。文中区别于之前关于量子纠错码的研究,之前大多关于量子纠错码的研究都在对称的量子信道上,所谓对称的量子信道是指量子比特翻转的错误概率与量子相位翻转的错误概率相等的信道。文中的研究侧重在非对称的量子信道上,所谓非对称性体现在量子相位翻转的错误概率与量子比特翻转的错误概率不相等,前者大于后者,利用经典多项式码,基于多项式基构造映射,满足了构造定理的条件,从而构造了一类非对称量子纠错码。

基于线性码的量子秘密共享方案

文章基于线性纠错码提出了一个具有ε安全性的可识别作弊的量子秘密共享方案。在该方案中,秘密被正交阵列的列标和某行中的两个元素唯一决定。其中正交阵列的列标可通过非对称二元多项式在经典信道恢复,而某行中的两个元素基于线性纠错码在量子信道部分恢复。该方案不仅具有作弊者可识别和身份验证的功能,而且可实现秘密的双重加密。安全性分析表明,该协议可抵抗拦截重发攻击和纠缠测量攻击。

两类非对称量子码的构造

通过分圆陪集确定出q^2-元域上2个嵌套的BCH码满足Hermite对偶包含的条件;利用这些满足Hermite对偶包含条件的本原BCH码构造出两类非对称量子码的参数,使构造出的码具有较大的z-距离,而且其参数优于已有文献中的结论,从而提高了码的纠错能力。

对称和非对称量子码的一个图的构造方法

文章提出了一个新的构造量子纠错码和非对称量子纠错码的方法,即利用图的邻接矩阵生成的二元线性码来构造量子纠错码和非对称量子纠错码,得到了一类新的量子纠错码和非对称量子纠错码,而且当码字的长度较大时,所构造的非对称量子纠错码,在非对称信道上相位翻转对量子系统的影响比量子比特翻转的影响要大,因此,所构造的非对称量子纠错码在非对称信道上有更大的纠错能力。

两个非对称图量子MDS码的构造

量子纠错编码技术在量子信息理论中一直以来有着重要的地位,在量子纠错编码方案中,Schingemann和Werner两人提出了通过构造具有某些性质的图(矩阵)来构造非二元量子码的方法,他们利用这种图论方法构造出很多好的量子码,特别给出量子码[[5,1,3]]_p(p≥3)存在性的一个新证明。此方法可从对称量子码推广至非对称量子码的构造,利用推广方法证明了非对称图量子MDS码[[5,1,4/2]]p,(p>5)和[[7,1,6/2]]p(p>7)的存在性。

一类特殊码长的非对称量子BCH码

非对称量子纠错码是针对量子通信中不同类型量子错误发生的概率而设计的有效编码方案.纠错性能良好的量子码在量子通信的真实性和可靠性方面起着决定性的作用.本文首先通过研究分圆陪集的性质确定出非本原狭义BCH码满足Hermitian对偶包含的条件;其次,利用推广的CSS构造法构造出一系列特殊码长的非对称量子BCH码;最后,给出了m分别为3和5的两类非对称量子BCH码维数,它们的z-距离远大于已有文献中的结论,因而提高了非对称量子信道中对相位错误的纠错能力.