In this study,the damping responses of uniform soil,equi-proportional fly ash,and local soil as a single unit were investigated.The large-strain cyclic triaxial tests were performed for the specimen compacted at the d...In this study,the damping responses of uniform soil,equi-proportional fly ash,and local soil as a single unit were investigated.The large-strain cyclic triaxial tests were performed for the specimen compacted at the desired density(95%e99%of maximum dry density).The compacted specimens were tested under the loading frequency of 0.3e1 Hz with medium confinement of 70e100 kPa.Also,the unsymmetrical behavior of the hysteresis loop was analyzed using three different damping estimation approaches,i.e.symmetric hysteresis loop(SHL),asymmetric hysteresis loop(ASHL),and the modified American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)method.The outcome of the study shows for fly ash,local soil,and layered soil-ash,the ASHL technique has the highest damping value,followed by ASTM and then the SHL approach.The specimens prepared under high density and subjected to high confinement show low damping values.However,the specimens tested at high frequency exhibits high damping behavior.Similarly,the damping value of fly ash determined using the SHL and ASHL methods has a similar profile and reaches a maximum at 1%shear strain value before decreasing.The composite stratified deposit exhibits more dependency on relative compaction,confining pressure,and less on loading frequency.Based on the results,it is highly recommended to use the ASHL approach,especially under large strain conditions irrespective of soil type.The maximum damping ratio of stratified deposits is always in between the damping ratio of local soil and fly ash.The damping ratio of stratified soil and local soil is slightly larger than that of the other soils,although the damping ratio of fly ash is equivalent to that of the sand and clayey soil.These results may be helpful in the accurate determination of the damping properties of the layered soil-ash system that is required in the seismic response analysis.展开更多
Insertion loss （IL） is one of the important parameters of asymmetrical digital subscriber loop （ADSL） transformers. In different frequency bands, the factors that affect insertion loss are different. Windings main...Insertion loss （IL） is one of the important parameters of asymmetrical digital subscriber loop （ADSL） transformers. In different frequency bands, the factors that affect insertion loss are different. Windings mainly affect insertion loss in mid and high frequency bands. The effects of winding ways, winding wire diameter and winding turns on insertion loss were discussed. The presented experiment shows that the insertion loss of an ADSL transformer could be under 0.4 dB in mid frequency band when the winding is 30 turns, in which the ADSL transformer satisfies the requirement of total harmonic distortion （THD）. Our experiments also show that the sandwich winding structure is better than the side by side winding structure and the twisted-pair winding structure, and the increase of winding diameter is one means to reduce insertion losses of an ADSL transformer in mid frequency band.展开更多
文摘In this study,the damping responses of uniform soil,equi-proportional fly ash,and local soil as a single unit were investigated.The large-strain cyclic triaxial tests were performed for the specimen compacted at the desired density(95%e99%of maximum dry density).The compacted specimens were tested under the loading frequency of 0.3e1 Hz with medium confinement of 70e100 kPa.Also,the unsymmetrical behavior of the hysteresis loop was analyzed using three different damping estimation approaches,i.e.symmetric hysteresis loop(SHL),asymmetric hysteresis loop(ASHL),and the modified American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)method.The outcome of the study shows for fly ash,local soil,and layered soil-ash,the ASHL technique has the highest damping value,followed by ASTM and then the SHL approach.The specimens prepared under high density and subjected to high confinement show low damping values.However,the specimens tested at high frequency exhibits high damping behavior.Similarly,the damping value of fly ash determined using the SHL and ASHL methods has a similar profile and reaches a maximum at 1%shear strain value before decreasing.The composite stratified deposit exhibits more dependency on relative compaction,confining pressure,and less on loading frequency.Based on the results,it is highly recommended to use the ASHL approach,especially under large strain conditions irrespective of soil type.The maximum damping ratio of stratified deposits is always in between the damping ratio of local soil and fly ash.The damping ratio of stratified soil and local soil is slightly larger than that of the other soils,although the damping ratio of fly ash is equivalent to that of the sand and clayey soil.These results may be helpful in the accurate determination of the damping properties of the layered soil-ash system that is required in the seismic response analysis.
文摘Insertion loss （IL） is one of the important parameters of asymmetrical digital subscriber loop （ADSL） transformers. In different frequency bands, the factors that affect insertion loss are different. Windings mainly affect insertion loss in mid and high frequency bands. The effects of winding ways, winding wire diameter and winding turns on insertion loss were discussed. The presented experiment shows that the insertion loss of an ADSL transformer could be under 0.4 dB in mid frequency band when the winding is 30 turns, in which the ADSL transformer satisfies the requirement of total harmonic distortion （THD）. Our experiments also show that the sandwich winding structure is better than the side by side winding structure and the twisted-pair winding structure, and the increase of winding diameter is one means to reduce insertion losses of an ADSL transformer in mid frequency band.
