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Impact of Urban 3D Morphology on Particulate Matter 2.5(PM2.5) Concentrations:Case Study of Beijing, China 被引量:6
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作者 LUAN Qingzu JIANG Wei +1 位作者 LIU Shuo GUO Hongxiang 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2020年第2期294-308,共15页
Urban particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5)pollution and public health are closely related,and concerns regarding PM2.5 are widespread.Of the underlying factors,the urban morphology is the most manageable.Therefore,investigat... Urban particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5)pollution and public health are closely related,and concerns regarding PM2.5 are widespread.Of the underlying factors,the urban morphology is the most manageable.Therefore,investigations of the impact of urban three-dimensional(3D)morphology on PM2.5 concentration have important scientific significance.In this paper,39 PM2.5 monitoring sites of Beijing in China were selected with PM2.5 automatic monitoring data that were collected in 2013.This data set was used to analyze the impacts of the meteorological condition and public transportation on PM2.5 concentrations.Based on the elimination of the meteorological conditions and public transportation factors,the relationships between urban 3D morphology and PM2.5 concentrations are highlighted.Ten urban 3D morphology indices were established to explore the spatial-temporal correlations between the indices and PM2.5 concentrations and analyze the impact of urban 3D morphology on the PM2.5 concentrations.Results demonstrated that road length density(RLD),road area density(RAD),construction area density(CAD),construction height density(CHD),construction volume density(CVD),construction otherness(CO),and vegetation area density(VAD)have positive impacts on the PM2.5 concentrations,whereas water area density(WAD),water fragmentation(WF),and vegetation fragmentation(VF)(except for the 500 m buffer)have negative impacts on the PM2.5 concentrations.Moreover,the correlations between the morphology indices and PM2.5 concentrations varied with the buffer scale.The findings could lay a foundation for the high-precision spatial-temporal modelling of PM2.5 concentrations and the scientific planning of urban 3D spaces by authorities responsible for controlling PM2.5 concentrations. 展开更多
关键词 URBAN three-dimensional(3D)morphology particulate matter 2.5(pm2.5) air pollution URBAN planning Beijing China
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Effects of Lianhua Qingwen on Pulmonary Oxidative Lesions Induced by Fine Particulates(PM2.5) in Rats 被引量:4
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作者 Fen Ping Zhen-sheng Li +2 位作者 Feng-rui Zhang De-xin Li Shu-zhi Han 《Chinese Medical Sciences Journal》 CAS CSCD 2016年第4期233-238,共6页
Objective To investigate the antagonistic effects of different doses of Lianhua Qingwen on pulmonary injury induced by fine particulates PM2.5 in rats. Methods Fine particulates suspended in the environment were colle... Objective To investigate the antagonistic effects of different doses of Lianhua Qingwen on pulmonary injury induced by fine particulates PM2.5 in rats. Methods Fine particulates suspended in the environment were collected. Forty-eight healthy adult wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 8 rats in each group. Four groups of rats were exposed to PM2.5 by intratracheally dripping suspensions of fine particulates PM2.5(7.5 mg/kg) as dust-exposed model rats. Among them 24 rats in three groups received Lianhua Qingwen treatment(crude drug) at a dose of 2 g/kg, 4 g/kg, 8 g/kg per day for 3 days before dust exposure and were defined as low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose Lianhua Qingwen treatment groups respectively. The other dust-exposed model rats without treatment were assigned as PM2.5 control group. The un-exposed rats were set as saline control group(1.5 ml/kg saline) and blank control group. All rats were killed after 24 hours of the exposure. Lung tissue, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were collected. The levels of malonaldehyde(MDA), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) in blood serum and BALF, and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in blood surum were measured using fluorescent quantitation PCR; Expression of NF-E2-related factor 2(NRF-2), heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) and quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) in lung tissues were measured using Western blot. Pathological changes of lung tissues in each group were also examined. Results Pathology revealed thickened alveolar septum, congestion of capillary, interstitial edema and infiltration of lymphocyte and neutrophil surrounding bronchiole in the PM2.5 control group, which weresignificantly relieved in the Lianhua Qingwen treatment groups. Compared to the blank and saline control groups, the PM2.5 control group had significantly higher levels of LDH and MDA(p<0.01) and lower level of GSH-PS(p<0.01) in BALF, significantly higher levels of LDH and MDA(p<0.05) and lower level of GSH-PS(p<0.05) in rat serum. The levels of MDA in blood serum and BALF were significantly lower in each treatment group than that in PM2.5 control group(all P<0.05). In both middle-dose and high-dose treatment group the measurements of LDH in serum and BALF as well as GSH-PX in serum were significant difference from those of PM2.5 control group(all P<0.05). Expressions of NRF-2, HO-1 and NQO1 in lung tissues were significantly different among middle-dose and high-dose treatment group compared with those in PM2.5 control group(all P<0.05). Conclusion Fine particulates PM2.5 in environment may induce pulmonary oxidative lesions in rats. Middle-dose and high-dose Lianhua Qingwen has antagonist effece on the injuries induced by fine particulates. 展开更多
关键词 fine particulateS (pm2.5) PULMONARY lesion OXIDATIVE stress Lianhua QINGWEN RATS
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Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Blood Pressure:Evidence from a Large Chinese Multiple Follow-Up Study 被引量:1
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作者 JIANGTULU Bahabaike LAN Chang Xin +3 位作者 CHEN Jun Xi CHEN Xi WANG Bin XUE Tao 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第1期38-49,共12页
Objective This study aimed to investigate the association of ambient PM_(2.5)exposure with blood pressure(BP)at the population level in China.Methods A total of 14,080 participants who had at least two valid blood pre... Objective This study aimed to investigate the association of ambient PM_(2.5)exposure with blood pressure(BP)at the population level in China.Methods A total of 14,080 participants who had at least two valid blood pressure records were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey during 2011–2015.Their long-term PM_(2.5)exposure was assessed at the geographical level,on the basis of a regular 0.1°×0.1°grid over China.A mixed-effects regression model was used to assess associations.Results Each decrease of 10μg/m^(3)in the 1 year-mean PM_(2.5)concentration(FPM1Y)was associated with a decrease of 1.24[95%confidence interval(CI):0.84–1.64]mmHg systolic BP(SBP)and 0.50(95%CI:0.25–0.75)mmHg diastolic BP(DBP),respectively.A robust association was observed between the long-term decrease in PM_(2.5)and decreased BP in the middle-aged and older population.Using a generalized additive mixed model,we further found that SBP increased nonlinearly overall with FPM1Y but in an approximately linear range when the FPM1Y concentration was<70μg/m^(3);In contrast,DBP increased approximately linearly without a clear threshold.Conclusion Efficient control of PM_(2.5)air pollution may promote vascular health in China.Our study provides robust scientific support for making the related air pollution control policies. 展开更多
关键词 fine particulate matter PM_(2.5) Blood pressure Risk assessment Preventive medicine
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Analysis of Sources of Atmospheric Fine Particulates in Nan'ao County 被引量:1
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作者 Xiao Lianghong Zhang Yufeng +2 位作者 Chen Shuchi Xie Yuanshu Guo Yan 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2015年第11期26-30,34,共6页
Based on on-line single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) with high time resolution, the sources of atmospheric fine particu- late matter in Nan'ao County were analyzed. The results showed that during the ... Based on on-line single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) with high time resolution, the sources of atmospheric fine particu- late matter in Nan'ao County were analyzed. The results showed that during the monitoring period from March 24 to 27 in 2015, the primary source of fine particulate matter in Nao'ao County was motor vehicle exhaust, that is, 24.7% of fine particulates were from motor vehicle exhaust, followed by biomass burning (17.2%), fire coal (17.2%), and sea salt (13.3%). The proportions of fire coal and sea salt revealed the peculiarity of sources of atmospheric fine particulate matter in Nan'ao County. Therefore, it is suggested that some measures should be adopted to limit tourist traffic to reduce the adverse impact of motor vehicle exhaust on ambient air quality in Nan'ao County. 展开更多
关键词 Nan'ao County ATMOSPHERE fine particulate matter Analysis of sources China
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Spatial and Temporal Variation of Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and Its Health Effects during the Haze Event in Malaysia
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作者 Afiqah Ma’amor Norazian Mohamed Noor +5 位作者 Izzati Amani Mohd Jafri Nur Alis Addiena Ahmad Zia Ul Saufie Nor Azrita Amin Madalina Boboc Gyorgy Deak 《Journal of Atmospheric Science Research》 2023年第4期26-47,共22页
This study aims to assess and compare levels of particulate matter(PM10 and PM2.5)in urban and industrial areas in Malaysia during haze episodes,which typically occur in the south west monsoon season.The high concentr... This study aims to assess and compare levels of particulate matter(PM10 and PM2.5)in urban and industrial areas in Malaysia during haze episodes,which typically occur in the south west monsoon season.The high concentrations of atmospheric particles are mainly due to pollution from neighbouring countries.Daily PM concentrations were analysed for urban and industrial areas including Alor Setar,Tasek,Shah Alam,Klang,Bandaraya Melaka,Larkin,Balok Baru,and Kuala Terengganu in 2018 and 2019.The analysis employed spatiotemporal to examine how PM levels were distributed.The data summary revealed that PM levels in all study areas were right-skewed,indicating the occurrence of high particulate events.Significant peaks in PM concentrations during haze events were consistently observed between June and October,encompassing the south west monsoon and inter-monsoon periods.The study on acute respiratory illnesses primarily focused on Selangor.Analysis revealed that Klang had the highest mean number of inpatient cases for acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma(AEBA)and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)with values of 260.500 and 185.170,respectively.Similarly,for outpatient cases of AEBA and AECOPD,Klang had the highest average values of 41.67 and 14.00,respectively.Shah Alam and Sungai Buloh did not show a significant increase in cases during periods of biomass burning.The statistical analysis concluded that higher concentrations of PM were associated with increased hospital admissions,particularly from June to September,as shown in the bar diagram.Haze episodes were associated with more healthcare utilization due to haze-related respiratory illnesses,seen in higher inpatient and outpatient visits(p<0.05).However,seasonal variability had minimal impact on healthcare utilization.These findings offer a comprehensive assessment of PM levels during historic haze episodes,providing valuable insights for authorities to develop policies and guidelines for effective monitoring and mitigation of the negative impacts of haze events. 展开更多
关键词 HAZE particulate matter(PM10 and pm2.5) AEBA and AECOPD Spatial variability
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Feature Analysis of the Atmospheric Particulate Pollutants (PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)) in Wenzhou City 被引量:1
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作者 Yuequn Song Shufan Ye Qiangqiang Wang 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2013年第4期37-41,共5页
[ Objective] The research aimed to analyze characteristics of the atmospheric particulate pollutants ( PMlo and PM2.s) in Wenzhou City. [Method] We analyzed interannual change rule of the dust haze in Wenzhou during... [ Objective] The research aimed to analyze characteristics of the atmospheric particulate pollutants ( PMlo and PM2.s) in Wenzhou City. [Method] We analyzed interannual change rule of the dust haze in Wenzhou during 1978 -2008. Moreover, we respectively set monitoring points in urban district, industrial park and beauty spot of Wenzhou in summer and winter of 2010. Element, ion and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon com- positions and morphology of the particulate matter were analyzed. [ Result] Dust haze in Wenzhou City mainly appeared in winter and spring, which was related to local meteorological condition. In summer and winter, both PMlo and PM2.s concentrations presented the characteristic of industrial park 〉 commercial area 〉 beauty spot. Chain-like particle aggregates and ultrafine particles were main composition of the atmospheric particulate matter in Wenzhou. Contribution rate of the spherical particle amount was smaller than metropolis, which was related to local industry and traffic. Fe element had the most content in particulate matter. Mass concentration was mainly composed of 6 elements, such as Na, Si, S, K, Ca and Fe. Total concentration of the six elements occupied 70% -80% of the 16 elements. SO^- and NH4* in particulate matter were higher. They were mainly from human activity. Main compositions of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon were naphthalene, anthracene, benzo (b) fluoranthene, indeno (1,2, 3-cd) pyrene and benzo (g, h, i) perylene, which was related to abrupt increase of the motor vehicle. [ Condusion] The research provided scientific basis and technology support for controlling atmospheric particulate matter pollution in Wenzhou City by government and related department. 展开更多
关键词 atmospheric particulate pollutants PM10 pm2.5 Feature analysis China
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Indoor and Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure of Rural Interior Alaska Residents
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作者 Stanley G. Edwin Nicole Mölders 《Open Journal of Air Pollution》 2020年第3期37-60,共24页
To assess the exposure of residents in rural communities in the Yukon Flats to particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM<sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2.5</span></su... To assess the exposure of residents in rural communities in the Yukon Flats to particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM<sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2.5</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), both indoor and outdoor concentration observations were carried out from March to September 2019 in Ft. Yukon, Alaska. Indoor concentrations were measured at 0.61 m (breathing level during sleeping) in homes and at 1.52 m heights (breathing level of standing adult) in homes and office/commercial buildings. Air quality was better at both heights in cabins than frame homes both during times with and without surface-based inversions. In frame houses, concentrations were higher at 0.61 m than 1.52 m, while the opposite is true typically for cabins. Differences between shoulder season and summer indoor concentrations in residences were related to changes in heating, subsistence lifestyle and mosquito repellents. In summer, office and commercial buildings, air quality decreased due to increased indoor emissions related to increased use of equipment and mosquito pics as well as more merchandise. During summer indoor concentrations reached unhealthy for sensitive groups to hazardous conditions for extended times that even exceeded the high outdoor concentrations. Due to nearby wildfires, July mean outdoor concentrations were 55.3 μg·m<sup>-</sup></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> which exceeds the 24-h US National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 35 μg·m</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>-3</sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Indoor and outdoor concentrations correlated the strongest with each other for office/commercial buildings, followed by frame houses and cabins. Office/commercial buildings with temperature monitors had one to two orders of magnitude lower concentrations than those without.</span> 展开更多
关键词 Indoor Air Quality Yukon Flats Alaska fine particulate matter PM2.5 Exposure in Rural Alaska Tribal Air Quality Study
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Human Health Risks from Exposure to Heavy Metals of Suspended Particulate Matter around the Tongon Gold Mine, Côte d’Ivoire
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作者 Kagbagnan Kone Adjoumani Rodrigue Kouakou +4 位作者 Julien Bahino Horo Kone Kouakou Eric Adou Ehouman Ahissan Donatien Kopoin Adouby 《Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment》 CAS 2023年第2期171-187,共17页
The Tongon mine, the largest gold mine in C?te d’Ivoire, has been in operation since April 2010. However, to our knowledge to date, no study has been conducted on metallic contamination in suspended particulate matte... The Tongon mine, the largest gold mine in C?te d’Ivoire, has been in operation since April 2010. However, to our knowledge to date, no study has been conducted on metallic contamination in suspended particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) where there is a lack of information on the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk to human health associated with the exposure of populations in the Tongon area to these pollutants. The general objective of this study is to evaluate the level of contamination of PM<sub>10</sub>;PM<sub>2.5</sub> by heavy metals and their impact on the health of populations exposed to these pollutants in the Tongon gold mine area. The sampling and measurement of suspended particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) were done using a MiniVol TAS passive air sampler. Heavy metal concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (Nex ION 2000 ICP-MS, USA). The results indicate that the average concentrations of suspended particles (PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>) obtained are all above the recommended exposure limits. In addition, among the heavy metals contained in the suspended particles, the concentrations of arsenic and nickel are high and all above the standard limit values. The assessment of the health risks related to the inhalation of PM<sub>10</sub> particles reveals that their inhalation over a long period could cause a carcinogenic risk. 展开更多
关键词 particulate matters (PM10 and PM2.5) West Africa Tongon Heavy Metals INHALATION Carcinogenic Risk Metallic Contamination
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基于β射线法的新型PM2.5自动监测系统研究 被引量:26
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作者 梁艳 张增福 +1 位作者 陈文亮 徐可欣 《传感技术学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2014年第10期1418-1422,共5页
近年来大颗粒物污染日趋严重,准确监测颗粒物PM2.5迫在眉睫。目前国外监测仪器已在国际上普遍使用,国内真正的知识产权产品比较少,产品的精度以及稳定性也有待提高。采用基于β射线法原理研制了PM2.5质量浓度在线监测系统,在仪器结构中... 近年来大颗粒物污染日趋严重,准确监测颗粒物PM2.5迫在眉睫。目前国外监测仪器已在国际上普遍使用,国内真正的知识产权产品比较少,产品的精度以及稳定性也有待提高。采用基于β射线法原理研制了PM2.5质量浓度在线监测系统,在仪器结构中提出采用原位检测的方法,并进行与标准称重法的比对实验来验证系统的可行性,结果表明两者测量数据的相关性为0.988。通过数据校正补偿后与监控站赛默飞仪器比对实时监测数据,日测量数据平均值相对偏差仅为1.8%。 展开更多
关键词 环境污染 particulate matter(pm2.5) 在线监测 Β射线法
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Antagonistic Effects of N-acetylcysteine on Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Activation, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses in Rats with PM2.5 Induced Lung Injuries 被引量:6
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作者 平芬 曹芹 +1 位作者 林桦 韩书芝 《Chinese Medical Sciences Journal》 CAS CSCD 2019年第4期270-276,共7页
Objective To evaluate the antagonistic effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)pathway activation,oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in rats with lung injury induced by fine ... Objective To evaluate the antagonistic effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)pathway activation,oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in rats with lung injury induced by fine particulate matter(PM2.5).Methods Forty eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups:blank control group(C1),water drip control group(C2),PM2.5 exposed group(P),low-dose NAC treated and PM2.5 exposed group(L),middle-dose NAC treated and PM2.5 exposed group(M),and high-dose NAC treated and PM2.5 exposed group(H).PM2.5 suspension(7.5 mg/kg)was administered tracheally once a week for four times.NAC of 125 mg/kg,250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg was delivered intragastrically to L,M and H group respectively by gavage(10 ml/kg)for six days before PM2.5 exposure.The histopathological changes and human mucin 5 subtype AC(MUC5AC)content in lung tissue of rats were evaluated.We investigated IL-6 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),MUC5AC in lung tissue homogenate by ELISA,glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)in serum and BALF by spectrophotometry,and the expression of p-ERK1/2,p-JNK1/2 and p-p38 proteins by Western blot.All the measurements were analyzed and compared statistically.Results Lung tissue of rats exposed to PM2.5 showed histological destruction and increased mucus secretion of bronchial epithelial cells.Rats receiving NAC treatment showed less histological destruction and mucus secretion.Of P,L,M and H group,MUC5AC in lung tissue,IL-6 in serum and BALF were higher than controls(C1 and C2)(all P<0.05),with the highest levels found in the P group and a decreasing trend with increase of NAC dose.The activity of GSH-PX in serum and BALF of PM2.5 exposed rats(P,L,M and H)was lower than that of controls(all P<0.05),with higher activities found in NAC treated rats(L,M,and H),and an increasing trend with increase of NAC dose.The expressions of p-ERK1/2,p-JNK1/2 and p-p38 proteins in PM2.5 exposed lung tissue(P,L,M and H)was higher than controls(all P<0.05),with decreased levels and dose dependent downregulation found in NAC treated rats.Conclusion NAC can antagonize major MAPK pathway activation,lung oxidative stress and inflammatory injury induced by PM2.5 in rats. 展开更多
关键词 fine particulate matter(pm2.5) N-ACETYLCYSTEINE mitogen-activated protein kinases oxidative stress inflammatory response RATS
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燃煤锅炉PM2.5控制现状及改进建议 被引量:20
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作者 史妍婷 杜谦 +3 位作者 高建民 曹阳 董鹤鸣 韩强 《节能技术》 CAS 2013年第4期345-348,352,共5页
燃煤锅炉消耗大量煤炭,对大气环境中PM 2.5含量影响很大。对燃煤锅炉PM 2.5的治理是一个综合治理的过程,即包含一次可过滤颗粒物和一次可凝结颗粒物的治理,也包含对二次颗粒物前驱物SO2、NOx等的治理。本文从一次颗粒物和二次颗粒物治... 燃煤锅炉消耗大量煤炭,对大气环境中PM 2.5含量影响很大。对燃煤锅炉PM 2.5的治理是一个综合治理的过程,即包含一次可过滤颗粒物和一次可凝结颗粒物的治理,也包含对二次颗粒物前驱物SO2、NOx等的治理。本文从一次颗粒物和二次颗粒物治理角度,论述了燃煤锅炉PM 2.5的产生、控制现状,提出了PM 2.5控制技术的改进建议。 展开更多
关键词 PM2 5 可过滤颗粒物 可凝结颗粒物 二次颗粒物
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乌鲁木齐大气细颗粒物PM2.5水溶性离子浓度特征及其来源分析 被引量:19
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作者 刘新春 陈红娜 +2 位作者 赵克蕾 钟玉婷 闫景武 《生态环境学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2015年第12期2002-2008,共7页
大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)是危害人体健康和环境最主要的空气污染物之一,对其水溶性离子的研究是一项非常必要而迫切的工作。文章对乌鲁木齐市中心区域树木年轮实验室和黑山头2013年1月-2014年2月期间采集的大气细颗粒物样品,利用离子色谱... 大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)是危害人体健康和环境最主要的空气污染物之一,对其水溶性离子的研究是一项非常必要而迫切的工作。文章对乌鲁木齐市中心区域树木年轮实验室和黑山头2013年1月-2014年2月期间采集的大气细颗粒物样品,利用离子色谱仪分析了其中的水溶性离子分布特征,采用硫转化率(SOR)、离子相关性分析等分析其可能来源,结果表明:年轮室和黑山头PM_(2.5)中总离子浓度平均值分别为88.03和65.11μg·m^(-3),分别占PM_(2.5)质量浓度的51.21%和33.8%。年轮室各种离子的季节变化明显:SO_4^(2-)、NO_3^-、Cl^-和NH_4^+表现为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季,Na^+表现为冬季>秋季>夏季>春季,Ca^(2+)表现为秋季>夏季>春季>冬季。SO_4^(2-)、NO_3^-和NH_4^+是PM_(2.5)中主要的离子,(NH_4)_2SO_4、NH_4HSO_4和NH_4NO_3是乌鲁木齐PM_(2.5)中水溶性组分的可能结合方式。Cl^-和K^+主要来源于化石燃料和生物质的燃烧排放,Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)主要来自土壤、二次扬尘和燃煤。乌鲁木齐大气PM_(2.5)中ρ(NO_3^-)/ρ(SO_4^(2-))为0.40,说明目前固定排放源仍然是乌鲁木齐大气污染物的主要来源。本研究为更深入了解乌鲁木齐市颗粒物污染现状提供参考,同时为确定乌鲁木齐市大气污染治理重点、制定大气污染防治规划提供依据。 展开更多
关键词 大气气溶胶 水溶性离子 来源分析 细颗粒物(pm2.5) 乌鲁木齐
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粉尘PM2.5及其对人体的危害 被引量:16
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作者 赵传阳 李永安 刘学来 《制冷与空调(四川)》 2013年第4期403-406,419,共5页
分析了大气粉尘PM2.5的来源、组成、分布特点、总体污染水平、空间分布特征、细颗粒物在可吸入颗粒物中的比例及其对人体的危害。对PM2.5/PM10分析表明,细颗粒物在PM10中所占比例大于粗颗粒物,约占66.55%,PM2.5与PM10有显著的正相关性,P... 分析了大气粉尘PM2.5的来源、组成、分布特点、总体污染水平、空间分布特征、细颗粒物在可吸入颗粒物中的比例及其对人体的危害。对PM2.5/PM10分析表明,细颗粒物在PM10中所占比例大于粗颗粒物,约占66.55%,PM2.5与PM10有显著的正相关性,PM2.5主要对呼吸系统和心血管系统造成伤害。这为控制细颗粒物的污染水平、我国大气PM2.5空气质量标准、交通能源政策的制订及环保措施的落实均具有一定的参考价值。 展开更多
关键词 大气细颗粒物 空气污染 健康危害 PMIO PM2 5
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PM2.5对哮喘大鼠IL-17/IL-23炎症介质的影响及人参皂苷Rg1干预研究 被引量:12
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作者 周亚兵 蒋思韵 +1 位作者 王利维 华丽 《世界中医药》 CAS 2021年第10期1520-1525,共6页
目的:基于气道IL-17/IL-23炎症介质轴,探讨人参皂苷Rg1对PM2.5哮喘大鼠肺损伤保护机制。方法:采集并分离交通相关大气细颗粒物PM2.5,利用卵白蛋白致敏和激发建立幼龄哮喘大鼠模型,再给予PM2.5气管滴注建立PM2.5哮喘肺损伤模型,采用酶联... 目的:基于气道IL-17/IL-23炎症介质轴,探讨人参皂苷Rg1对PM2.5哮喘大鼠肺损伤保护机制。方法:采集并分离交通相关大气细颗粒物PM2.5,利用卵白蛋白致敏和激发建立幼龄哮喘大鼠模型,再给予PM2.5气管滴注建立PM2.5哮喘肺损伤模型,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定血清和肺泡灌洗液IL-17a、IL-6、IL-23、TGF-β_(1)含量,RT-PCR检测RORγt mRNA表达,并行肺组织病理和电镜分析。结果:成功建立PM2.5气管滴注哮喘大鼠模型;哮喘大鼠模型血清和肺泡灌洗液IL-17a、IL-6、IL-23、TGF-β_(1)表达量增大(P<0.01),肺组织RORγt mRNA表达量增加(P<0.01);经PM2.5气管滴注后,模型组大鼠血清和肺泡灌洗液IL-17a、IL-6、IL-23、TGF-β_(1)含量进一步增加,RORγt mRNA表达量进一步上升(P<0.01);经皂苷Rg1干预后,呈现剂量依赖性下调血清和肺泡灌洗液IL-17a、IL-6、IL-23、TGF-β_(1)水平,下调RORγt mRNA表达量。结论:人参皂苷Rg1呈剂量依赖性改善PM2.5致哮喘大鼠肺气道炎症反应、改善肺损伤。 展开更多
关键词 哮喘 大气颗粒物2.5 辅助性T细胞17 白细胞介素-17 白细胞介素-23 维A酸相关孤儿受体γt 人参皂苷RG1
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细颗粒物PM2.5对大鼠IL-10、IL-22表达的影响及百令胶囊的干预作用 被引量:2
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作者 张宁 田硕 +4 位作者 林桦 李萍 牛姝 苏力 平芬 《疑难病杂志》 CAS 2021年第8期831-835,共5页
目的观察细颗粒物(PM 2.5)对大鼠肺损伤的影响,探讨中药百令胶囊对肺损伤的保护作用。方法2019年9—10月于河北省人民医院动物研究中心进行实验。将40只Wistar雄性大鼠按随机数字表法分为空白对照组、PM2.5染毒组及PM2.5+百令胶囊低、... 目的观察细颗粒物(PM 2.5)对大鼠肺损伤的影响,探讨中药百令胶囊对肺损伤的保护作用。方法2019年9—10月于河北省人民医院动物研究中心进行实验。将40只Wistar雄性大鼠按随机数字表法分为空白对照组、PM2.5染毒组及PM2.5+百令胶囊低、中、高剂量组5组。除空白对照组外,其余4组每3天将PM2.5混悬液(10 m g/kg)经大鼠气管内滴入进行PM2.5染毒,共10次。在PM2.5染毒基础上,百令胶囊组分别以低(0.25 g/kg)、中(0.5 g/kg)、高(1 g/kg)3种不同剂量的百令胶囊悬液每日连续给予大鼠灌胃,共28 d;通过HE染色观察各组大鼠肺组织炎性病理变化,并应用ELISA法测定血清中白介素10(IL-10)、IL-22蛋白含量,利用实时荧光定量PCR法检测大鼠肺组织IL-10、IL-22 mRNA的表达。结果大鼠肺组织病理检查发现,PM2.5染毒组可见大量慢性炎性细胞浸润,百令胶囊干预各组较PM2.5染毒组炎性细胞浸润情况明显减轻。与空白对照组比较,PM2.5染毒组大鼠血清IL-10水平明显降低(t/P=27.758/0.000),血清IL-22水平明显升高(t/P=28.190/0.000)。与PM2.5染毒组比较,百令胶囊干预各组随剂量的增加,血清IL-10水平逐渐升高(F/P=224.867/0.000),而血清IL-22水平则逐渐下降(F/P=149.115/0.000)。Pearson相关分析表明:血清IL-10与IL-22水平呈负相关(r=0.960,P<0.05)。实时荧光定量PCR法检测法结果显示,与空白对照组比较,PM2.5染毒组肺组织IL-10 mRNA表达水平明显降低(t/P=61.342/0.000),肺组织IL-22 mRNA水平明显升高(t/P=55.298/0.000);与PM2.5染毒组比较,百令胶囊干预各组随剂量的增加,肺组织IL-10 mRNA水平逐渐升高(F/P=1131.931/0.000),而IL-22 mRNA水平则逐渐下降(F/P=604.257/0.000)。结论PM 2.5短期暴露可造成大鼠肺部炎性损害,百令胶囊可通过促进IL-10的分泌及表达,以及抑制IL-22的生成,对肺部起到保护作用。 展开更多
关键词 肺损伤 细颗粒物2.5 百令胶囊 白介素-10 白介素-22 大鼠
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山柰酚改善细颗粒物PM2.5诱导的老龄大鼠肺损伤的作用和机制研究 被引量:1
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作者 王峥业 魏玉梅 +1 位作者 牛森 陈大贵 《老年医学与保健》 CAS 2023年第3期487-492,共6页
目的细颗粒物(PM2.5)被认为与多种呼吸系统问题有关,在老年人群中尤为显著。本研究旨在探索山柰酚是否可以治疗PM2.5诱导的老龄大鼠肺损伤,并探讨其潜在的作用机制。方法30只雄性Wistar大鼠(16个月龄)被随机分为5组:对照组、PM2.5暴露组... 目的细颗粒物(PM2.5)被认为与多种呼吸系统问题有关,在老年人群中尤为显著。本研究旨在探索山柰酚是否可以治疗PM2.5诱导的老龄大鼠肺损伤,并探讨其潜在的作用机制。方法30只雄性Wistar大鼠(16个月龄)被随机分为5组:对照组、PM2.5暴露组和PM2.5暴露+山柰酚低剂量、中剂量和高剂量组。PM2.5暴露持续时间2周后,检测各组大鼠的肺功能、肺形态、炎症程度以及Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路相关蛋白的表达水平。结果与对照组相比,PM2.5暴露导致老龄大鼠发生显著的肺损伤,表现为明显的肺功能受损和组织病理学改变,支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的炎性因子TNF-α和IL-6浓度增加,血液中炎性细胞比例改变,肺组织中TLR4的表达和核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)磷酸化水平增加。山柰酚的治疗则呈剂量依赖性地改善了PM2.5所致肺功能损伤和组织病理学改变,抑制炎性因子分泌和炎症细胞比例失衡,抑制了TLR4/NF-κB信号通路的激活。结论山柰酚能够对PM2.5暴露引起的老龄大鼠肺损伤产生保护作用,抑制炎症反应和结构损伤,其作用机制可能与抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路的激活相关。 展开更多
关键词 老年 肺损伤 细颗粒物pm2.5 山柰酚 TLR4/NF-κB信号通路
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临沂市冬季环境空气PM2.5中水溶性离子污染特征及来源分析 被引量:14
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作者 杜青清 吴丽萍 +4 位作者 赵雪艳 王静 欧盛菊 孟凡胜 张霞 《环境科学研究》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2019年第8期1348-1357,共10页
为探究临沂市冬季环境空气PM2.5中水溶性离子污染特征及来源,于2016年12月11日—2017年1月9日在临沂大学、兰山区政府、高新区翠湖嘉园、汤庄办事处、河东区政府、临沂开发区6个采样点开展样品采集.结果表明:①采样期间全市ρ(PM2.5)日... 为探究临沂市冬季环境空气PM2.5中水溶性离子污染特征及来源,于2016年12月11日—2017年1月9日在临沂大学、兰山区政府、高新区翠湖嘉园、汤庄办事处、河东区政府、临沂开发区6个采样点开展样品采集.结果表明:①采样期间全市ρ(PM2.5)日均值的平均值为144.86 μg/m^3,ρ(PM2.5)日均值在2016年12月20日和2017年1月4日出现峰值,分别为304.46 和341.65 μg/m^3.②水溶性离子日均质量浓度大小顺序依次为ρ(NO3^-)>ρ(SO4^2-)>ρ(NH4^+)>ρ(Cl^-)>ρ(K^+)>ρ(Ca^2+)>ρ(Na^+)>ρ(F^-)>ρ(Mg^2+)>ρ(NO^2-),其中,在PM2.5中w(NO3^-)、w(SO4^2-)、w(NH4^+)分别为22.33%、16.57%、13.62%,说明NO3^-、SO4^2-和NH4^+是临沂市PM2.5的主要组成部分.③临沂市污染天和非污染天ρ(PM2.5)日均值分别为164.00和56.86 μg/m^3.随污染水平增加,PM2.5中w(NO3^-)明显增高,w(SO4^2-)和w(NH4^+)基本不变,说明w(NO3^-)的增加导致ρ(PM2.5)的升高.污染天和非污染天的NOR (氮氧化率)分别为0.28和 0.11,SOR (硫氧化率)分别为0.34和0.28,说明污染越重,NOR和SOR越高,并且NO x 的气-粒转化速率较SO 2慢.污染天ρ(Cl^-)和ρ(K^+)分别为7.22和1.77 μg/m^3,分别是非污染天的2.5和3.0倍.④采样期间非污染天和污染天的N/S 〔ρ(NO3^-)/ρ(SO4^2-)〕分别为0.85和1.39,说明非污染天时固定源对PM2.5的贡献相对较大,而污染天时移动源对PM2.5的贡献相对较大.⑤通过PMF模型法解析出3个因子.因子1对PM2.5中水溶性离子的贡献率为56.13%,代表二次源和生物质燃烧源;因子2的贡献率为25.22%,代表工业源和垃圾焚烧源;因子3的贡献率为18.65%,代表扬尘源.研究显示,临沂市冬季PM2.5污染严重,水溶性离子来源复杂,应采取多源控制的污染防治对策. 展开更多
关键词 大气颗粒物 pm2.5 水溶性离子 来源解析
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PM2.5单次及多次暴露对大鼠肺组织的急性损伤及可能机制 被引量:3
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作者 加慧 夏书月 +3 位作者 寇新荣 李云霞 李男 何巍 《重庆医科大学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2020年第6期742-746,共5页
目的:探讨单次及多次PM2.5染毒对大鼠肺组织的急性损伤及可能机制。方法:采集并制备沈阳地区PM2.5混悬液,32只清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(A、B组)和实验组(C、D组),每组大鼠常规饲养2周后,对照组生理盐水滴注气管,滴注1次为A组... 目的:探讨单次及多次PM2.5染毒对大鼠肺组织的急性损伤及可能机制。方法:采集并制备沈阳地区PM2.5混悬液,32只清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(A、B组)和实验组(C、D组),每组大鼠常规饲养2周后,对照组生理盐水滴注气管,滴注1次为A组,滴注3次为B组,实验组PM2.5混悬液滴注气管染毒,染毒1次为C组,染毒3次为D组(实验第1天、第3天、第5天)染毒,每组8只大鼠。分别于染毒结束后24 h处死大鼠进行支气管肺泡灌洗及腹主动脉采血,肺组织病理切片行HE染色及TUNEL染色,肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)行细胞总数及分类计数,吸光光度法测BALF总蛋白(total protein,TP)含量,PCR法检测肺组织中白介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)表达,Western blot检测肺组织中核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)、血红素氧化酶-1(heme oxidase,HO-1)表达。结果:与A组、B组相比,PM2.5染毒后的C组、D组大鼠肺组织出现充血、水肿,病理切片显示肺内大量炎症细胞浸润,肺组织凋亡细胞增多,BALF中炎症细胞总数及分类计数均明显高于对照组(P<0.001),BALF中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)较对照组减少(P<0.01),与A组、B组相比,C组中IL-1β、TNF-α、NF-κB、HO-1的表达明显增加(P<0.001),D组IL-1β、TNF-α、NF-κB改变较C组增加明显(P<0.001),而D组HO-1较C组表达下降,但较A组、B组表达增加(P<0.001),A组、B组间差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:PM2.5单次、多次暴露可通过炎症及氧化应激2条途径相互促进,致使细胞凋亡,导致大鼠出现明显肺部损伤。 展开更多
关键词 大气细颗粒物 氧化应激 肺损伤 细胞凋亡
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N-乙酰半胱氨酸对PM2.5致大鼠睾丸毒性的保护作用 被引量:1
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作者 田硕 张宁 +3 位作者 牛姝 李珅 苏力 平芬 《河北医科大学学报》 CAS 2021年第7期754-758,778,共6页
目的探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)改善亚急性暴露于大气细颗粒物(particulate matter,PM)2.5致大鼠睾丸损伤的作用。方法30只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,分别为生理盐水对照组、PM2.5暴露组、PM2.5+N-乙酰半胱氨酸组。通过气... 目的探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)改善亚急性暴露于大气细颗粒物(particulate matter,PM)2.5致大鼠睾丸损伤的作用。方法30只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,分别为生理盐水对照组、PM2.5暴露组、PM2.5+N-乙酰半胱氨酸组。通过气管内滴注的方法进行染毒,每次剂量为5.0 mg/kg,每周染毒一次,共8周;NAC组在PM2.5染毒的基础上,通过灌胃方式连续给予150 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1) NAC;生理盐水对照组通过气管内滴注同体积生理盐水(1 mL/kg)作为对照。造模后HE染色制作睾丸组织病理切片,TUNEL法检测睾丸凋亡情况,分光光度计法检测睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)指标,酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法测定睾丸白细胞介素10(interleukin-10,IL-10)及睾酮水平。结果PM2.5暴露组和PM2.5+NAC组大鼠血清睾酮水平及睾丸组织GSH、SOD、IL-10水平均低于盐水对照组,睾丸组织MDA水平升高,PM2.5+NAC组睾酮水平及睾丸组织GSH、SOD、IL-10水平高于PM2.5组,睾丸组织MDA水平下降(P<0.05)。在PM2.5暴露组中,曲精小管中多个细胞核表现出明显的深棕色染色,TUNEL阳性细胞的计数明显高于盐水对照组和PM2.5+NAC组(P<0.05);而PM2.5+NAC组凋亡细胞数明显低于PM2.5组,但高于盐水对照组(P<0.05)。PM2.5暴露组和PM2.5+NAC组睾丸细胞凋亡指数高于盐水对照组,PM2.5+NAC组低于PM2.5暴露组(P<0.05)。结论PM2.5亚急性暴露可以造成大鼠睾丸组织病理损伤,诱导睾丸细胞凋亡,引起氧化炎症指标改变,而NAC作为一种抗氧化剂,可以明显改善上述损伤作用,对PM2.5致睾丸毒性作用具有拮抗作用。 展开更多
关键词 细颗粒物 N-乙酰半胱氨酸 氧化应激 炎症 凋亡
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Effect of exposure to ambient PM2.5 pollution on the risk of respiratory tract diseases: a meta-analysis of cohort studies 被引量:17
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作者 Qian Liu Cheng Xu +5 位作者 Guixiang Ji Hui Liu Wentao Shao Chunlan Zhang Aihua Gu Peng Zhao 《The Journal of Biomedical Research》 CAS CSCD 2017年第2期130-142,共13页
The International Agency for Research on Cancer and the World Health Organization have designated airborne particulates, including particulates of median aerodynamic diameter 〈 2.5 gm (PM2.5), as Group 1 carcinogen... The International Agency for Research on Cancer and the World Health Organization have designated airborne particulates, including particulates of median aerodynamic diameter 〈 2.5 gm (PM2.5), as Group 1 carcinogens. It has not been determined, however, whether exposure to ambient PM2.5 is associated with an increase in respiratory related diseases. This meta-analysis assessed the association between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and the risk of respiratory tract diseases, using relevant articles extracted from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. In results, of the 1,126 articles originally identified, 35 (3.1%) were included in this meta-analysis. PM2.5 was found to be associated with respiratory tract diseases. After subdivision by age group, respiratory tract disease, and continent, PM2.5 was strongly associated with respiratory tract diseases in children, in persons with cough, lower respiratory illness, and wheezing, and in individuals from North America, Europe, and Asia. The risk of respiratory tract diseases was greater for exposure to traffic-related than non-traffic-related air pollution. In children, the pooled relative risk (RR) represented significant increases in wheezing (8.2%), cough (7.5%), and lower respiratory illness (15.3%). The pooled RRs in children were 1.091 (95%CI: 1.049, 1.135) for exposure to 〈 25 gg/m3 PM2.5, and 1.126 (95%CI: 1.067, l. 190) for exposure to 〉 25 gg/m3 PM2.5. In conclusion, exposure to ambient PM2.5 was significantly associated with the development of respiratory tract diseases, especially in children exposed to high concentrations of PM2.5. 展开更多
关键词 particulate matter pm2.5 respiratory tract disease META-ANALYSIS cohort study
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