A Slow and Clean Fluorine Atom Beam Source Based on Ultraviolet Laser Photolysis

A slow and clean uorine atom beam source is one of the essential components for the low-collision energy scattering experiment involving uorine atom.In this work,we describe a simple but ef-fective photolysis uorine atom beam source based on ultraviolet laser photolysis,the performance of which was demonstrated by high-resolution time-of-ight spectra from the reactive scattering of F+HD.This beam source paved the way for stud-ies of low energy collisions with uorine atoms.

Demonstration of a cold atom beam splitter on atom chip

We report an experimental demonstration of a new scheme to split cold atoms on an atom chip. The atom chip consists of a U-wire and a Z-wire. The cold atom cloud is initially loaded and prepared in the Z-trap, which is split into two separate parts by switching on the current of the U-wire. The two separate atom clouds have a distance more than one millimeter apart from each other and show almost symmetrical profiles, corresponding to about a 50/50 splitting ratio.

A cold ^(87)Rb atomic beam

We demonstrate an experimental setup for the production of a beam source of cold 87Rb atoms. The atoms are extracted from a trapped cold atomic cloud in an unbalanced three-dimensional magneto-optical trap. Via a radiation pressure difference generated by a specially designed leak tunnel along one trapping laser beam, the atoms are pushed out continuously with low velocities and a high flux. The most-probable velocity in the beam is varied from 9 m/s to 19 m/s by varying the detuning of the trapping laser beams in the magneto-optical trap and the flux can be tuned up to 4× 10^9 s-1 by increasing the intensity of the trapping beams. We also present a simple model for describing the dependence of the beam performance on the magneto optical trap trapping laser intensity and the detuning.

Diffracted field distribution from a knife-edge truncated semi-Gaussian beam as an atomic （molecular） mirror

We investigate the diffraction characteristics of an incident Gaussian beam cut by a straight edge bounding a semi-infinite opaque plane using Kirchhoff scalar wave theory in the Fresnel limit, and propose a new and simple mirror scheme to reflect atoms by using the intensity gradient induced by a blue-detuned semi-Gaussian laser beam. The optical potential of the diffracted light of the knife-cut semi-Gaussian beam for 85 Rb atom and its spontaneous emission probability are calculated and compared with the performance of the evanescent-wave mirror. Our study shows that the optical potential of the diffracted light of the semi-Gaussian beam is far higher than that of the evanescent light wave, and the maximum normal velocity of the incident atoms can be far greater than that of the evanescent light wave under the same parameters, so the blue-detuned semioGaussian beam, as a novel atomic mirror, can be used to efficiently reflect cold atoms with a normal velocity of greater than 1 m/s. However, the intensity gradient （force） of the diffracted light of the semi-Gaussian-beam is much smaller than that of the evanescent light wave, so its spontaneous emission probability is greater than that from the evanescent-wave when the normal velocity of incident atoms is greater.

Production and guidance of pulsed atomic beams on chip

We demonstrated two experimental methods of producing and guiding pulsed atomic beams on chip. One is to trap atoms first in a U-type magneto-optical trap on the chip, then transfer them to the magnetic guide field and push them simultaneously by a continuous force from the power imbalance of the magneto-optical trap laser beams hence the pulsed cold atom beams are produced and move along the magnetic guide to the destination. The other is to trap atoms directly by a H-type magneto-optical trap, then push them to make them move along the magnetic guide field, thus high rate cold atom beams can be produced and guided on the chip.

A Single Folded Beam Magneto-Optical Trap System for Neutral Mercury Atoms

Mercury is a promising candidate for the optical lattice clock, due to its low sensitivity to the blackbody radiation. We develop a single folded beam magneto-optical trap for the neutral mercury optical lattice clock, with a 253. 7nm frequency quadrupled laser. Up to 1.7 × 10^6 （202Hg） or 1.5 × 10^6 （199Hg） atoms can be captured, and the atom temperature is lowered to 170μK （202Hg） or 50μK （199Hg）. The cold atom signals of all six rich abundant isotopes are observed in this system.

Atomic-Oxygen Beam Source with Compact ECR Plasma

An atomic-oxygen beam source with compact ECR plasma was successfully investigated. The microwave was produced and transmitted in a coaxial mode, and coupled with the loop. The plasma was produced at a higher asymmetry magnetic mirror field, and neutralized with the molybdenum target at a lower asymmetry magnetic mirror field. The magnetic field was constituted with permanent magnets. This source has a higher flux density of atom beam, a lower operating pressure, a smaller power consumption and low-cost. When it was installed at the equipment to study the interaction of the beam with the surface, the operation was carried out very easily and with a good stability.

基于强流脉冲离子束的中子辐照模拟装置及评价技术

依据高能原子辐照与中子辐照的初级离位原子(PKA)能谱相似性,基于TEMP-6M型强流脉冲离子束(HIPIB)系统,研发了一种中子辐照模拟装置,该装置以磁绝缘离子二极管伴生的强流脉冲二次电子束流实现0.1 MeV以上高能离子的高效率中和,获得动能为0.1~1 MeV、脉冲宽度为120~160 ns、脉冲辐照剂量为1012~10^(15)n/cm^(2)的强流脉冲原子或混合束,原子占比为85%~100%。通过辐照缺陷原位差热分析方法,快速确定材料缺陷数量、密度及dpa损伤速率等抗中子辐照性能评价指标。以核级AISI 304奥氏体不锈钢为例,计算PKA相似性定标曲线,采用220~280 keV的C原子等效1.8~2.3 MeV中子进行辐照模拟,调节名义束流能量密度0.5~4 J/cm^(2),实测辐照剂量范围为0.46×10^(13)~8.55×10^(13)n/cm^(2),热分析确定Frenkel缺陷密度为1.99×10^(16)~2.90×10^(17)/cm^(2),外推预测奥氏体不锈钢在1021n/cm^(2)中子剂量条件下的辐照损伤为500 dpa量级,适用于核电厂结构材料60年服役寿期评价需求。

超冷离子源研究进展

纳米离子束是制备束斑直径在微纳米尺度荷能离子束的先进技术,主要应用于高分辨和高精度的离子束分析、离子束加工和离子束材料改性研究,在材料分析、微纳加工、微电子器件制造和量子计算等方面发挥着重要的作用.高品质离子源作为纳米离子束装置的关键部件,其性能指标直接决定着该装置的技术水平.然而,目前常用的传统离子源存在离子种类单一、能散高和结构复杂等问题,已经难以满足新应用场景下的多离子种类和高分辨的要求,突显出研发新型离子源的重要性和迫切性.随着激光冷却技术的日臻成熟,基于光电离冷原子和激光冷却离子技术可以获得温度在mK甚至μK量级的超冷离子,其低温和易于操控等典型特征极大地促进了超冷离子源的发展.超冷离子具有极小的横向速度发散,可以显著提升离子源的亮度和发射度等品质参数,为纳米离子束技术的革新带来了巨大的发展机遇.因此,超冷离子源的研究对于实现更高亮度、更小尺寸、更低能散、更多样化离子种类以及结构更简化的高品质离子源具有重要的意义.本文综述了近年来超冷离子源的研究进展,从制备原理、产生方式以及典型应用等方面介绍了磁光阱离子源、冷原子束离子源和超冷单离子源在基础研究和应用技术研发方面取得的重要成果,并对超冷离子源的未来发展和应用前景进行了展望.

原子力显微镜-扫描电子显微镜共定位表征系统的研发与应用

微纳加工过程中,常有样品需要进行聚焦离子束(FIB)溅射、切割,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及原子力显微镜(AFM)表征,而这三类仪器都需要将样品固定在样品台上才可测试,固定不佳会影响表征结果.但固定好的样品在不同仪器之间转移、拆卸、再固定的过程中极易受到破坏.基于以上问题,设计了AFM-SEM-FIB样品共定位系统,可实现样品在此三种仪器之间的无损转移及共定位,避免珍贵样品破坏及目标丢失,以及解决AFM扫描无法控制方向、迅速调整位点等问题.在微纳表征中有优异的表现,系统已被开发成产品并量产销售.

基于全球导航卫星系统应用的光频原子钟发展现状与可用性分析

随着光频原子钟技术迅速发展,光频原子钟不确定度已超越微波原子钟性能4~5个数量级,达到了10^(−19)数量级,在可靠性和小型化方面也不断提升,使得未来全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)搭载光频原子钟成为可能。介绍了几种GNSS光频原子钟的工作原理及国内外的研究进展,从稳定度、集成度及影响稳定度的因素等方面总结了几种光频原子钟的性能,并将四种光学时钟(离子光钟、光晶格钟、双光子跃迁光频原子钟、基于碘调制转移谱光频原子钟)与目前GNSS上搭载的四大导航系统进行比较,讨论了光频原子钟的应用潜力,并提出了各光频原子钟的发展建议。针对提升离子光钟和光晶格钟可靠性的需求,提出了通过提高激光器和超稳腔的稳定性、降低核心器件环境敏感性的建议。针对提升原子束光频原子钟稳定性的需求,提出了提高原子束利用率、进一步迭代实验等方案。针对提升双光子跃迁光频原子钟和调制转移谱光频原子钟的长期稳定性的需求,提出了结合真空技术及人工智能降低频率漂移率的解决方案。

非均匀静电场中的相对论原子束的自发辐射谱的规范依赖

规范理论要求物理观测与规范无关。然而,自从兰姆注意到原子自发辐射光谱计算中的规范选择问题以来,在许多物理研究领域中都遇到了规范依赖问题。因此,检验各种物理系统规范对称性的自洽性就显得尤为重要。本文计算了非均匀静电场中相对论性氢原子的瞬态自发辐射谱。参考我们之前研究的相对论非微扰库仑场中自发辐射谱的规范依赖性(其中辐射物体是静态的而电荷是相对论运动的),本文所研究的物理系统是该项研究工作的参考系变换版本。对于常用的库仑、洛仑兹和多极规范,本文得到的峰值频率对于“σ型”可以相差330kHz;对于“π型”可以相差372 kHz或更大。这一结果不仅对于理论上研究规范场与量子系统的相互作用具有重要意义,而且对于实际的实验应用,例如外部电磁场中原子钟的定时精度也具有重要意义。

基于光束偏转法的原子力显微镜探针一致性装配系统研究

为解决原子力显微镜(Atomic Force Microscope,AFM)系统更换探针后光路调整复杂耗时、精度不足的问题,本文首次提出通过精密控制探针与探针夹装配位置来实现更换的探针相对AFM系统原光路位置的一致,进而实现免去AFM系统换针后调整光路步骤。该系统的光路一致性组件采用光束偏转法对探针位置与偏转进行放大与监测,并使用高精度位移与角度调节平台进行探针相对于探针夹的方位调整。通过实物搭建对探针一致性效果进行了验证,并对紫外光(Ultraviolet,UV)胶水固化过程导致探针位置偏移影响;探针不同偏移量时产生的探测器噪音对AFM系统成像质量影响进行了系统分析。实验结果表明:经由该系统装配的探针平均位置精度接近1.1μm;并且在AFM系统中更换一致性探针仅需8 s。该系统实现了高精度且质量稳定的探针一致性装配,极大地简化了AFM系统重新校准光路的操作步骤,其与自动换针装置配合可有效提升工业计量型AFM的操作与测量性能。

卤化物钙钛矿半导体透射电镜表征的挑战与机遇

卤化物钙钛矿价格低廉,易于合成,具有优异的光电性能,广泛应用于太阳能电池、光电探测器和发光二极管等光电子器件,是当前国际上研究的热点领域,同时入选工信部和国资委评出的首批前沿材料之一。透射电子显微镜表征是揭示卤化物钙钛矿形貌、结构、成分等物理和化学信息的关键。然而,卤化物钙钛矿在电子束辐照下易分解,这种极端敏感性通常会阻碍我们获取钙钛矿本征信息,甚至引起假象。基于此,本文综述了近年来有关卤化物钙钛矿的透射电子显微学研究,重点讨论了卤化物钙钛矿电子束损伤机理、影响钙钛矿电子束敏感性因素、如何降低电子束损伤并获得钙钛矿原子尺度信息。本文旨在引起人们对卤化物钙钛矿电子束敏感性的关注,指导卤化物钙钛矿电子显微学表征,揭示卤化物钙钛矿分解机理,为构建高效稳定的钙钛矿光电器件提供实验指导。

提高铝板带材生产静电涂油质量的措施

文章对铝板带生产中静电涂油机的组成和工作原理进行介绍,并对影响涂油质量的主要因素进行分析,提出了应对方法和设备改进措施,可为同行业相关设备性能提升提供技术参考。

基于国际原子能机构277和381报告对直线加速器双模式光子线和电子线输出量校准研究

目的:基于国际原子能机构(IAEA)TRS 277和TRS 381《高能电子束和光子束中使用平行电离室的国际剂量测定操作规范》报告,校准加速器配置的不同档能量射线水中的吸收剂量,确保临床放疗中直线加速器输出剂量的精确性。方法:采用Elekta Infinity直线加速器,光子线能量6 MV分别为均整(FF)模式和非均整(FFF)模式;电子线能量分别为4、6、8、10、12和15 MeV。根据IAEATRS277和TRS381报告,使用PTW剂量仪、PTW30013指型电离室和PTW34001平行板电离室分别进行光子线和电子线水中输出剂量的校准,对各步骤的误差进行分析,对比采用不同标准对直线加速器的输出量水中校准的准确性。结果:6 MV的FF模式和FFF模式光子线在水中最大剂量点处的输出量分别为1.003和1.008 cGy/MU;4、6、8、10、12和15 MeV的电子线每档能量在水中最大剂量点处的输出量分别为1.003、1.002、0.998、0.999、1.000和1.003 cGy/MU。每档能量的射线在水中最大剂量点处的输出量校准为1 MU对应1 cCy,误差<1%。结论:根据IAEA TRS277号和TRS381号报告对直线加速器的输出剂量在水中进行校准,可以保证直线加速器的输出剂量的准确性。

Enhanced cold mercury atom production with two-dimensional magneto-optical trap

A cold atom source is important for quantum metrology and precision measurement.To reduce the quantum projection noise limit in optical lattice clock,one can increase the number of cold atoms and reduce the dead time by enhancing the loading rate.In this work,we realize an enhanced cold mercury atom source based on a two-dimensional(2D)magnetooptical trap(MOT).The vacuum system is composed of two titanium chambers connected with a differential pumping tube.Two stable cooling laser systems are adopted for the 2D-MOT and the three-dimensional(3D)-MOT,respectively.Using an optimized 2D-MOT and push beam,about 1.3×10^(6)atoms,which are almost an order of magnitude higher than using a pure 3D-MOT,are loaded into the 3D-MOT for202Hg atoms.This enhanced cold mercury atom source is helpful in increasing the frequency stability of a neutral mercury lattice clock.

Application of Electron-Shelving Detection via 423 nm Transition in Calcium-Beam Optical Frequency Standard

A new scheme of small compact optical frequency standard based on thermal calcium beam with application of 423 nm shelving detection and sharp-angle velocity selection detection is proposed. Combining these presented techniques, we conclude that a small compact optical frequency standard based on thermal calcium beam will outperform the commercial caesium-beam microwave dock, like the 5071 Cs clock （from Hp to Agilent, now Symmetricom company）, both in accuracy and stability.

Intense source of cold cesium atoms based on a two-dimensional magneto–optical trap with independent axial cooling and pushing

We report our studies on an intense source of cold cesium atoms based on a two-dimensional（2D） magneto–optical trap（MOT） with independent axial cooling and pushing.The new-designed source,proposed as 2D-HP MOT,uses hollow laser beams for axial cooling and a thin pushing laser beam to extract a cold atomic beam.With the independent pushing beam,the atomic flux can be substantially optimized.The total atomic flux maximum obtained in the 2D-HP MOT is4.02 × 1010atoms/s,increased by 60 percent compared to the traditional 2D＋MOT in our experiment.Moreover,with the pushing power 10 μW and detuning 0Γ,the 2D-HP MOT can generate a rather intense atomic beam with the concomitant light shift suppressed by a factor of 20.The axial velocity distribution of the cold cesium beams centers at 6.8 m/s with an FMHW of about 2.8 m/s.The dependences of the atomic flux on the pushing power and detuning are studied in detail.The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical model.

Rubidium-beam microwave clock pumped by distributed feedback diode lasers

A rubidium-beam microwave clock, optically pumped by a distributed feedback diode laser, is experimentally investigated. The clock is composed of a physical package, optical systems, and electric servo loops. The physical package realizes the microwave interrogation of a rubidium-atomic beam. The optical systems, equipped with two 780-nm distributed feedback laser diodes, yield light for pumping and detecting. The servo loops control the frequency of a local oscillator with respect to the microwave spectrum. With the experimental systems, the microwave spectrum, which has an amplitude of 4 n A and a line width of 700 Hz, is obtained. Preliminary tests show that the clock short-term frequency stability is 7 × 10^-11 at 1 s, and 3 × 10^-12 at 1000 s. These experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the scheme for a manufactured clock.