The Clinical Association of Left Atrial Function with Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

The left atrium (LA) has been recognized as a morphophysiological barometer of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. Because in the myocardial ischemia cascade where LV diastolic dysfunction often precedes LV systolic dysfunction, the LA which fashions as an early marker of diastolic anomaly, could equally reflect a declining LV function and/or be a good predictor of potential sequelae. We assessed this association of LA function with reduced LV systolic function among hospitalized patients. Among patients with reduced LV ejection fraction, LA passive ejection fraction was lower (0.172 ± 0.12 vs. 0.232 ± 0.14, p = 0.013) whereas LA kinetic energy was higher (6.48 ± 6.3 vs. 4.57 ± 3.5, p = 0.005). Echocardiographic assessment of LA function, therefore, appears correlated with LVEF and could be important when risk stratifying hospitalized patients.

Isolated Tricuspid Valve Repair and Right Atrial Plication Performed Using a Beating-Heart Technique for Atrial Functional Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation

Background: Isolated tricuspid valve disease remains a controversial indication for surgical intervention. Many patients referred for surgery already have a poor clinical condition and an advanced New York Heart Association functional class. There is no consensus on the optimal surgical technique for this condition, including on whether to perform the procedure on a beating or an arrested heart and whether to perform valve repair or replacement. Methods: We analyzed four case series between 2015 and 2022 in which patients with secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) underwent valve repair on a beating heart and right atrial plication for a dilated right atrium. The TRI-SCORE was calculated for each patient. Results: All patients experienced a favorable postoperative course with significant improvements in heart failure symptoms. TR was markedly reduced;however, in one patient with concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) and a high TRI-SCORE, MR worsened postoperatively. This patient later died from unknown causes due to multiple comorbidities in the late phase. Conclusions: Tricuspid valve repair on a beating heart was effective for improving the cardiac function, and the TRI-SCORE proved useful as a preoperative risk assessment tool. The underlying mechanism by which TR exacerbates MR requires further investigation.

Progress in the Study of the Left Atrial Function Index in Cardiovascular Disease:A Literature Review

Some studies have shown that left ventricular structure and function play an important role in the risk stratifi cation and prognosis of cardiovascular disease.The clinical application of left atrial function in cardiovascular disease has gradually attracted attention in the cardiovascular fi eld.There are many traditional methods to evaluate left atrial function.Left atrial function related indexes measured by echocardiography has been identifi ed as a powerful predictor of cardiovascular disease in recent years,but they have some limitations.The left atrial function index has been found to evaluate left atrial function more effectively than traditional parameters.Furthermore,it is a valuable predictor of the risk stratifi cation and prognosis in patients with clinical cardiovascular disease such as heart failure,atrial fi brillation,hypertension,and coronary heart disease.

Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for the assessment of atrial function

Echocardiography is the most common diagnostic method for assessing atrial function but the technique has some limitations. Traditionally, assessment of left atrial function has been performed by measuring volumes with 2D echocardiography. Additionally, it can be assessed with transmitral Doppler and pulmonary vein Doppler. Recently, an alternative method has been incorporated, namely, measurement of myocardial deformation with color tissue Doppler-derived strain. However, this method has several limitations, such as suboptimal reproducibility, angle-dependence, signal artifacts and the fact that it only measures regional strain and does not obtain information about the curved portion of the atrial roof. To overcome these limitations in the quantification of atrial function, the use of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) strain has been proposed. This technique is not derived from Doppler but rather from 2D echocardiography; it is angle-independent and allows one to measure global as well as regional atrial strain. In this editorial, we describe the physical and pathophysiological concepts of STE and underline the clinical usefulness of this new technique.

Assessment of Left Atrial Function by Full Volume Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography and Left Atrial Tracking in Essential Hypertension Patients with Different Patterns of Left Ventricular Geometric Models

Objective To evaluate left atrial function in essential hypertension patients with different patterns of left ventricular geometric models by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE)and left atrial tracking(LAT).Methods One hundred and thirty-three patients with essential hypertension were divided into four groups according to criteria proposed by Ganau et al:36 patients in normal pattern group(I),34 patients in concentric remodelling pattern group(II),33 patients in concentric hypertrophy pattern group(III),and 30patients in eccentric hypertrophy pattern group(IV).Thirty-two healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study.RT-3DE and LAT were used to obtain the volume-time and emptying fraction curves,and then the maximal volume,minimal volume,stroke volume,presystolic volume,ejection fraction,systolic filling rate,early diastolic emptying rate and late diastolic emptying rate of the left atrium were measured.Conduit volume and passive emptying volume of the left atrium were calculated.Results Left atrial indexes,conduit volume,passive emptying volume,and early diastolic emptying rate decreased,while the other indices increased in the group I compared with the control group(all P<0.05).Compared with the control group,I and II groups,the left atrial volume parameters manifested change in the group III and group IV(all P<0.01).Left atrial ejection fraction measured by RT-3DE or LAT,and late diastolic emptying rate were lower in the group IV compared with the group III(all P<0.05).There was no difference in left atrial conduit volume,passive emptying volume,and early diastolic left atrial emptying rate between the group II and group I(all P>0.05).There was a positive correlation between RT-3DE and LAT in evaluating left atrial function.Conclusions Left atrial booster pump function decreases in the eccentric hypertrophy pattern.Left atrial conduit function is unchanged in the normal pattern and the concentric remodelling pattern groups.RT-3DE and LAT technology can be used for quantitative evaluation of left atrial volume and function.

The assessment of atrial function by velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess velocity-encoded cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (Ve-CMR) in a population of patients referred for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), to determine the variability of atrial function, and to identify clinical parameters associated with left atrial function. Methods: This is a prospective study evaluating patients who were referred to our CMR center for a clinical CMR. Left atrial function was obtained via Ve-CMR thru-plane images across the mitral valve after acquiring 2 perpendicular in-plane images as “scouts”. The atrial function and mitral inflow were quantified by computer analysis (Argus, Siemens). Atrial function was defined as atrial contraction (A-wave) volume divided by total inflow volume. Left atrial volumes were calculated via computer analysis. Mitral regurgitation and left ventricular ejection fractions were assessed visually. Results: Thirty-nine patients, with mean age 56 +/- 10 years, were enrolled. The mean left atrial function was 22.9% +/-14.5%;the range in left atrial function was 0% - 57%. There was a significant positive correlation between atrial function and increased left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.44, P < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between atrial function and severity of mitral regurgitation (r = -0.60, P < 0.01), as well as left atrial volume (r = -0.36, P = 0.02). Conclusion: Our results indicate a wide variability in left atrial function and a significant association between left atrial function and left ventricular ejection fraction, left atrial volume and mitral regurgitation.

Usefulness of myocardial performance index for assessing right ventricular function after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect

Objective Assessment of right ventricular function in patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) is difficult. The Doppler myocardial performance index (MPI) may provide a method of assessing function in these patients. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the right ventricular function and its changes in patients with ASD after transcatheter closure of ASD. Methods MPI, defined as the sum of isovolumic relaxation time and isovolumic contraction time derived by ejection time, was measured from tricuspid inflow and right ventricular outflow;Doppler velocity profiles recorded during routine echocardiography.Twenty nine patients (13 men, 16 women;mean age 25.28±12.69, range 6 to 57 years) were diagnosed to secundum ASD [the stretched diameters of ASD were from 9 To 36 (24.91±7.98) mm], and had a successfully placed Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) (the sizes of ASO were from 11 to 40 mm );there were 81 sex-matched, age-matched healthy people (control group 41men, 40 women;mean age 29.02 ± 14.22, range 4 to 45 years ). MPI was measured again on 3 days and 1 month after closure of ASD. Change in the study group was assessed and compared to the control subjects with structurally normal hearts. A complete 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examination was performed in all study groups. Results 1) The isovolumic relaxation and isovolumic contraction times [respectively(77.59 ± 14.39)ms vs (60.93 ±12.94)ms, P<0.0001;(28.28 ±10.88)ms vs (23.64 ±9.01)ms, P=0.027] were prolonged, and ejection time [(260.65 ±21.86 )ms vs (271.85 ± 21.92)ms, P=0.033] was shortened in patients with ASD compared with that in control subjects, resulting in a marked increase in the MPI(0.40 ± 0.07 vs 0.31 ± 0.05, P<0.0001) from normal values;2) by Pearson's correlations, the MPI had no correlation with heart rate and blood pressure in control subjects and patients with ASD, but it correlated positively with age in patients with ASD;3) by Pearson's correlations, the MPI correlated positively with the diameter of ASD and pulmonary artery pressure;4) after transcatheter closure of ASD, the MPI decreased markedly. Conclusions 1) MPI is a conceptually new, simple, and reproducible Doppler index in patients with ASD;2) MPI is free from the effect of age, heart rate and blood pressure;(3) MPI appears to be relatively dependent on changes in the diameter of ASD and pulmonary artery pressure;4) the right ventricular function was improved after transcatheter closure of ASD.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2007;4:220-224.)

Left Atrial Volume Index in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy—Correlation with Left Ventricular Function

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the relation of left atrial (LA) volume and LA volume index with left ventricular function and to determine the association of duration of symptoms and left atrial volume index in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, single centre study conducted in India. A total of 50 patients who were admitted to department of cardiology from July, 2008 to February, 2009 with diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy and an ejection fraction of <40% were included. Results: Of the 50 patients, 34 (68%) were males. 27 (54%) patients were in NYHA class II and 23 (46%) patients were in NYHA class III. LA volume was found to be ≥40 ml in all patients. LV function and LA volume were found to be correlated (r = -0.789, p < 0.01). Similarly, there was a correlation between LV function and LA volume index (r = -0.826, p < 0.01). There was no correlation between LA volume index and duration of symptoms (r = 0.04). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a strong inverse correlation between LA volume and left ventricular function and also between LA volume index and left ventricular function. The patients with NYHA class III were having larger left atrial volume than those with NYHA class II. Moreover, the duration of symptoms has no correlation with left atrial volume index.

多模态超声心动图技术综合评估2型糖尿病患者左心房结构及功能

目的基于心肌斑点追踪技术及实时三维超声技术探讨2型糖尿病患者左心房容积、功能及心肌应变及其与血清炎性指标的相关性研究。方法收集2018年9月至2021年12月于我院就诊的2型糖尿病患者328例,其中单纯2型糖尿病患者220例,早期糖尿病肾病患者108例,选取同期于我院就诊134例健康体检者为对照组。应用二维心肌斑点追踪技术评估患者左心房应变,分别得到三腔心切面左房峰值纵向应变(PALS-LAX)、四腔心切面左房峰值纵向应变(PALS-A4C)、两腔心切面左房峰值纵向应变(PALS-A2C)、左房平均峰值纵向应变(LA-PALS)。应用三维超声评估左心房容积及收缩功能,得到左房最大容积指数(LAVImax)、左房收缩前容积指数(LAVIp)、左房最小容积指数(LAVImin)及左房总排空分数(LATEF);同时记录受试者炎性相关血清学指标。结果3组LAVImin及左心房应变指标:PALS-LAX、PALS-A2C、LA-PALS比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,单纯糖尿病组患者LAVImin增大,PALS-LAX、PALS-A2C、LA-PALS减小(P<0.05);与单纯糖尿病组比较,早期糖尿病肾病组患者LAD、EDT、E/e′、LAVImax、LAVImin增大,E/A和LATEF降低,左心房应变指标:PALS-LAX、PALS-A4C、PALS-A2C、LA-PALS进一步减小(P均<0.05)。相关性研究发现,餐后2 h血糖与LAVImin、LA-PALS、E/e′呈负相关(r=-0.583、-0.788,-0.414,P<0.05);糖化血红蛋白与LAVImin、E/e’呈负相关(r=-0.439、-0.551,P<0.05);IL-6及IL-8与LA-PALS呈负相关(r=-0.541、-0.429,P<0.05);IL-6及IL-8与LAVImin呈负相关(r=-0.572、-0.517,P<0.05);血清β2微球蛋白与LAVImin、LA-PALS呈负相关(r=-0.614、-0.568,P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者随病程进展逐渐出现左心房心肌应变减低、左心房增大及排空功能减低;LA-PALS及LAVImin与患者餐后2 h血糖水平、血清β2微球蛋白IL-6、IL-8水平呈负相关。

左房功能对老年缺血性心肌病患者冠脉搭桥术后远期预后的评估价值

目的研究左房功能对老年缺血性心肌病患者冠脉搭桥术后远期预后的评估价值。方法选取2012年1月—2017年1月在阜外医院行冠脉搭桥手术,并术前完善心脏磁共振检查左室射血分数≤35%的老年缺血性心肌病患者131例作为研究对象,中位随访时间63.8个月。根据是否发生主要终点事件(MACE),分为MACE组和无MACE组,比较2组患者基线特征、心脏磁共振参数。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier曲线,生存率比较采用Log-rank检验。采用多变量COX回归分析评估老年缺血性心肌病患者发生主要终点事件的危险因素。结果MACE组最大左房容积指数(LAVmax/BSA)高于无MACE组,左房储存期射血分数(LAEFreservoir)、左房泵血期射血分数(LAEFpump)均低于无MACE组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析结果显示,LAVmax/BSA≥46.72 mL/m 2组和LAEFreservoir<29.94%组无事件生存率较低(P<0.05)。多变量COX回归分析显示,LAEFreservoir[HR 0.964;95%CI(0.94,0.989),P=0.006]与老年缺血性心肌病患者冠脉搭桥术后远期主要终点事件独立相关。结论LAEFreservoir是老年缺血性心肌病患者冠脉搭桥术后远期主要终点事件的独立预测因子。

经食道超声心动图在卵圆孔未闭合并房颤患者左心耳容积和功能改变评估中的应用

目的 探讨经食道超声心动图在卵圆孔未闭合并房颤患者左心耳容积和功能改变评价中的应用价值。方法 选取卵圆孔未闭患者80例为研究对象,根据是否合并房颤分为房颤组(n=44)和非房颤组(n=36),另选取同期检查的健康者30例作为对照组。3组行经食道超声心动图检查。比较3组左心耳容积及功能变化情况。结果 房颤组及非房颤组患者左心耳最大容积(LAAV_(max))、左心耳最小容积(LAAV_(min))、左心耳开口最大面积(MA)、左心耳开口最大长径(MD)大于对照组,左心耳最大排空速度(LAAeV)及左心耳最大充盈速度(LAAfV)小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。房颤组左心耳自发显影(SEC)患者的LAAV_(max)、LAAV_(min)、左心耳开口MA、左心耳开口MD大于非房颤组,LAAeV及LAAfV小于非房颤组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,房颤组的终点事件发生率高于非房颤组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 经食道超声心动图在卵圆孔未闭合并房颤患者左心耳容积和功能改变评价中的应用效果较好。合并房颤患者的左心耳功能较未合并房颤患者差。

经食管超声心动图、右心声学造影对卵圆孔未闭患者封堵术后左心房功能的评估

目的:分析经食管超声心动图(TEE)、右心声学造影(ASCE)对卵圆孔未闭(PFO)患者封堵术后左心房功能的评估价值。方法:选取本院68例行PFO介入封堵术治疗的患者,均于手术前后接受TEE与ASCE检查,评估右向左分流(RLS)情况,按术后3个月有无RLS分为术后RLS组与术后无RLS组,记录TEE相关参数[左房整体纵向应变、左心耳最小容积(LAA-Vmin)与最大容积(LAA-Vmax)、左心耳射血分数(LAA-EF)、左心耳血流最大排空流速(LAA-PEV)]。结果:ASCE与TEE检查显示,术后3个月RLS检出率明显低于术前(P<0.05);术后3 d,左房储器期、管道期以及泵期整体纵向应变较术前明显降低(P<0.05),但上述指标在术后3个月与术前比较无显著差异(P>0.05);术后3个月,LAA-Vmin、LAA-Vmax、LAA-PEV、LAA-EF与术前比较无显著差异(P>0.05);术后RLS组与无RLS组间LAA-EF、LAA-Vmin、LAA-Vmax、LAA-PEV、左房整体纵向应变比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:ASCE可准确评估PFO患者封堵术后RLS情况,结合TEE,可发现封堵术不会对患者左心房功能造成较大影响。

特征追踪心脏MRI定量评估非梗阻性肥厚型心肌病左房功能的应用研究

目的:应用特征追踪心脏MRI(FT-cMRI)对非梗阻性肥厚型心肌病(NOHCM)患者进行左房应变分析来评估左心房功能,并探究NOHCM对左心结构和功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月-2022年12月本院58例非梗阻性肥厚型心肌病患者(NOHCM组)和30例健康对照者(HC组)的临床和MRI资料。MRI扫描序列主要为单次激发FSE亮血序列,扫描平面包括两腔、四腔和短轴位。应用CVI42软件测量左房容积指数(LAVI)和左房整体功能参数,后者包括心肌储备功能参数[总应变(εs)、峰值正向应变率(SRs)、左房总射血分数(LATEF)]、导管功能参数[主动应变(εe)、峰值早期负向应变率(SRe)、左房被动射血分数(LAPEF)]和升压泵功能参数[被动应变(εa)、峰值晚期负向应变率(SRa)、左房主动射血分数(LAAEF)],以及左室的功能[左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室心输出量(LVCO)和左室心脏指数(LVCI)]和大小参数[左室最大室壁厚度(LVWT_(max))、左室心肌质量(LVM)、左室质量指数(LVMI)、左室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVi)和左室收缩末期容积指数(LVESVi)]。采用两样本t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验等统计学方法比较两组间各项定量参数值的差异,并采用Pearson或Spearman相关系数分析左房功能参数与左室的结构和功能参数之间的相关性。结果:NOHCM组的LVWT_(max)、LVM、LVMI和LAVI值均显著高于HC组(P<0.05),NOHCM组的左房功能参数值(LATEF、LAPEF、LAAEF、εs、εe、εa,SRs、SRe和SRa)均显著低于HC组(P<0.05)。NOHCM组左室心肌不同肥厚部位的LVWT_(max)的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组之间其它的左房、左室结构和功能参数值的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。左房大小正常的NOHCM患者的LATEF、LAPEF、εs、εe、SRs和SRe值均显著低于HC组(P<0.05),而LAAEF、εa和SRa值在两组之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有受试者的LATEF与εs、LAPEF与εe、LAAEF与εa之间均具有显著相关性(r>0.70)。结论:与健康对照组相比,NOHCM患者各时相左房功能均下降。在左房增大之前,左房的心肌储备和导管功能下降,而升压泵功能正常。各时相左房功能受损与左室的肥厚部位无显著相关性。各时相左房的LAEF与各项应变参数之间具有较强的相关性。

房颤射频消融术对心脏搭桥合并心脏瓣膜手术患者心功能、心肌损伤及预后的影响

目的探究房颤射频消融术(RA)对心脏搭桥合并心脏瓣膜手术患者心功能、心肌损伤及预后的影响。方法选取我院2022年2月至2023年3月接受心脏搭桥合并心脏瓣膜手术患者50例,随机数字表法将其分为观察组25例(房颤RA治疗)与对照组25例(保守药物治疗)。对比两组手术相关指标、不同时间点心肌损伤[肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)]及心功能[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)]指标,术后随访3个月,统计患者窦性心律转复及心脑血管不良事件(MACCE)发生率。结果观察组体外循环时间比对照组长,总住院时间比对照组短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后血清CK-MB、cTnI、NT-proBNP水平均呈现先上升、后下降趋势(P<0.05);观察组术后2 h血清CK-MB、cTnI、NT-proBNP水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但两组间术后48 h上述指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,观察组比对照组LVEF[(49.78±2.35)%vs.(45.03±2.17)%]显著上升,LVEDD[(54.93±4.30)mm vs.(57.38±4.16)mm]、LVESD[(39.62±4.37)mm vs.(46.15±5.23)mm]显著下降(P<0.05)。观察组术后第1天、出院时及术后3个月窦性心律转复率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),术后3个月内MACCE两组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论房颤RA能有效改善心脏搭桥合并心脏瓣膜手术患者心功能,提高窦性心律转复率,短期预后好,但可能引发一过性心肌酶上升。

不同剂量艾多沙班对非瓣膜性老年房颤患者肝肾功能的影响

目的:探究不同剂量艾多沙班对非瓣膜性老年房颤患者肝肾功能的影响。方法:选取我院2022年1月到2023年6月的118例非瓣膜性老年房颤患者,按照随机数字法分为A组(n=59)、B组(n=59),其中A组患者给与大剂量(60 mg/d)艾多沙班进行治疗,B组患者给与小剂量(30 mg/d)艾多沙班进行治疗,再按SHARE-FI评分将A组患者分为强健A组(n=30)、衰弱前期A组(n=11)、衰弱A组(n=18);将B组分为强健B组(n=31)、衰弱前期B组(n=12)、衰弱B组(n=16)。评估强健A组与强健B组,衰弱前期A组与衰弱前期B组,衰弱A组与衰弱B组肝肾功能变化。结果:治疗前后强健A组与强健B组ALT、BUN、Scr均无明显差异(P>0.05);治疗前衰弱前期A组与B组ALT、BUN、Scr无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后衰弱前期A组ALT、BUN、Scr明显高于衰弱前期B组(P<0.05);治疗前衰弱A组与B组ALT、BUN、Scr无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后衰弱A组ALT、BUN、Scr明显高于衰弱前期B组(P<0.05)。结论:大剂量(60 mg/d)、小剂量(30 mg/d)艾多沙班对身体强健的非瓣膜性老年房颤患者肝肾功能的影响相当;而大剂量艾多沙班对衰弱前期、衰弱期患者肝肾功能的影响较小剂量艾多沙班大,因而可给予衰弱前期、衰弱期患者小剂量艾多沙班来减少对其肝肾功能的损伤。

四维自动左房定量技术评价不同透析方式对尿毒症患者左房结构和功能的影响

目的应用四维自动左房定量技术(4D Auto LAQ)评价不同透析方式对尿毒症患者左房结构和功能的影响。方法选取于我院肾内科就诊的尿毒症患者80例,根据透析方式分为血液透析组39例和腹膜透析组41例,另选同期健康体检者35例作为正常对照组。应用常规超声心动图获取左室射血分数(LVEF)、左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、室间隔厚度(IVS)、左室后壁厚度(LVPW);4D Auto LAQ获取左房应变参数,包括左房储备期纵向应变(LASr)、左房管道期纵向应变(LAScd)、左房收缩期纵向应变(LASct)、左房储备期环形应变(LASr-c)、左房管道期环形应变(LAScd-c)、左房收缩期环形应变(LASct-c),以及左房容积参数,包括左房最大容积(LAVmax)、左房最小容积(LAVmin)、左房收缩前容积(LAVpreA)、左房射血分数(LAEF),比较各组上述参数的差异;分析LAEF与左房应变参数的相关性。结果①各组常规超声心动图参数比较:腹膜透析组和血液透析组LAD、LVEDD、IVS、LVPW均较正常对照组增大,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);各组LVEF比较差异无统计学意义。②各组4D Auto LAQ左房应变参数比较:与正常对照组比较,腹膜透析组LASr、LAScd、LASr-c、LAScd-c均减小,LASct、LASct-c均增大,血液透析组LASr、LAScd、LASct、LASr-c、LAScd-c、LASct-c均减小,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);除LAScd外,血液透析组LASr、LAScd、LASct、LASr-c、LAScd-c、LASct-c均较腹膜透析组减小,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。③各组4D Auto LAQ左房容积参数比较:与正常对照组比较,腹膜透析组LAVmax、LAVmin、LAVpreA均增大,LAEF减小,血液透析组LAVmax、LAVmin、LAVpreA均增大,LAEF减小,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);与腹膜透析组比较,血液透析组LAVmax、LAmin、LAVpreA均增大,LAEF减小,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。④相关性分析显示,LAEF与LASr、LAScd、LASr-c、LAScd-c、LASct、LASct-c均呈正相关(r=0.531、0.522、0.705、0.686、0.306、0.376,均P<0.001)。结论4D Auto LAQ可用于评价不同透析方式对尿毒症患者左房结构和功能的影响,其中血液透析较腹膜透析对左房结构和功能影响更大。

二维斑点追踪技术联合实时三维超声心动图评价肥胖对原发性高血压患者左房功能的影响

目的:联合应用二维斑点追踪技术(two⁃dimensional speckle tracking imaging,2D⁃STI)和实时三维超声心动图(real⁃time three⁃dimensional echocardiography,RT⁃3DE)评估肥胖对原发性高血压患者左房功能的影响。方法:根据体重指数(body mass index,BMI)将2022年4月—2023年7月在南京医科大学附属江宁医院确诊的132例原发性高血压患者及114例血压正常的健康对照分为6个亚组。利用2D⁃STI联合RT⁃3DE技术获得左房纵向应变及机械功能指数,比较各组间左房功能差异。结果:与相同BMI分类的健康对照组相比,高血压组左房储备期应变(left artial reservoir strain,LASr)、左房导管期应变(left artial conduit strain,LAScd)均下降(P<0.05);随BMI增加,高血压组LASr、LAScd、左房总排空分数(total left atrial ejection fraction,LAEFt)、左房被动排空分数(passive left atrial ejection fraction,LAEFp)、左房主动排空分数(active left a trial ejection fraction,LAEFa)均降低(P<0.05),而左房收缩期应变(left artial contractile strain,LASct)无明显差异(P>0.05)。多元线性回归显示BMI与高血压组LASr、LAScd、LAEFt、LAEFp、LAEFa均呈独立负相关(P<0.05),而收缩压与高血压患者左房功能无明显相关(P>0.05)。结论:高血压可引起左房功能受损,随着BMI的增加特别是合并肥胖后可在一定程度上进一步加重功能损伤。

基于四维左房自动定量技术的高尿酸血症患者左房功能研究

目的采用四维左房自动定量(Four-Dimensional Left Atrial Automatic Quantification,4D LAQ)技术研究高尿酸血症患者左房心肌力学的改变,并定量评价其左房早期重塑特点。方法随机选取2022年6—12月于我院就诊的高尿酸血症患者86例和健康对照者35例。在常规二维超声心动图(Two-Dimensional Echocardiography,2DE)检查的基础上,应用4D LAQ技术研究受检者左房心肌力学改变。通过4D LAQ获取心室收缩期、舒张早期和舒张晚期左房心肌整体纵向应变(LASr、LAScd、LASct)及环向应变(LASr_c、LAScd_c、LASct_c),同时获得左房最大容积(Left Atrial Maximum Volume,LAVmax)和左房最大容积指数(Index of LAVmax,LAVmaxI);通过2DE获取左房前后径(Left Atrial Anteroposterior Diameter,LAD)、左室舒张末内径(Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Diameter,LVEDD)、左室短轴缩短分数(Left Ventricular Fractional Shortening,FS)、左室射血分数(Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction,LVEF)、每搏量(Stroke Volume,SV)以及二尖瓣口舒张早期与晚期峰值血流速度之比(E/A)。按照LAVmaxI值,将50例LAVmaxI<34 mL/m2的高尿酸血症患者作为试验组(高尿酸血症组),35例健康者作为对照组。结果与对照组相比,高尿酸血症组患者LASr_c、LAScd_c及E/A显著减小(P<0.001),LASr、LAScd、LASct、LASct_c、LAVmax、LAVmaxI及常规二维参数LAD、LVEDD、FS、LVEF、SV无明显差异(P>0.05)。患者血尿酸水平与LASr_c(r=-0.68,P<0.001)、LAScd_c(r=0.72,P<0.001)及E/A(r=-0.74,P<0.001)均存在相关性,而与LASr、LAScd、LASct、LASct_c、LAVmax、LAVmaxI、LAD、LVEDD、FS、LVEF、SV、年龄、血糖、血脂和血胆固醇无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论4D LAQ可有效评价高尿酸血症患者早期左房心肌力学变化,尤其是左房环向应变,可为临床综合评价高尿酸血症患者情况提供新方法。

二维斑点追踪技术及实时三维超声心动图评估心房功能性二尖瓣反流患者导管消融疗效及其影响因素分析

目的应用二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STI)及实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)评估心房功能性二尖瓣反流(AFMR)患者导管消融术后疗效,分析术后二尖瓣反流改善的影响因素。方法选取于我院首次接受导管消融治疗的AFMR患者47例,术后6个月复查超声心动图,根据AFMR是否改善分为改善组(22例)和未改善组(25例)。应用常规超声心动图测量左房前后径(LAD)、二尖瓣环前后径(MAD)、左室收缩末期内径、左室舒张末期内径、左室射血分数等;2D-STI测量左房存储期纵向应变(LASr)、管道期纵向应变(LAScd)、辅泵期纵向应变(LASct);RT-3DE测量左房最大容积、左房最小容积并经体表面积标化得到相应的容积指数(LAVImax、LAVImin),计算左房射血分数(LAEF)及左房扩张指数(LAEI),比较两组术前、术后6个月上述参数的差异。采用二元Logistic回归分析AFMR患者导管消融术后二尖瓣反流改善的预测因素;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各因素预测AFMR患者导管消融术后疗效的诊断价值。结果与导管消融术前比较,改善组和非改善组术后6个月LAD、MAD、LAVImax、LAVImin均减小,LASr、LAScd、LASct、LAEF及LAEI均增大,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);改善组术后6个月LAD、LAVImax、LAVImin均小于未改善组,LASr、LAScd均大于未改善组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,MAD、LASr均为AFMR患者导管消融术后二尖瓣反流改善的独立预测因素(OR=5.552、0.733,均P=0.031)。ROC曲线分析显示,MAD、LASr预测AFMR患者二尖瓣反流改善的曲线下面积分别为0.775、0.735,截断值分别为3.35 cm、18.05%。结论2D-STI及RT-3DE可以准确评估AFMR患者导管消融术后疗效;MAD、LASr均为术后二尖瓣反流改善的独立预测因素。

心房颤动患者左心房内径与肾功能的相关性研究

目的 探讨心房颤动患者左心房内径(LAD)与肾功能的相关性。方法 选取364例心房颤动患者作为研究对象,收集患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、身高、体质量、吸烟史、饮酒史、心房颤动类型、高血压病史、冠心病病史、糖尿病病史、心力衰竭病史、用药史、高敏肌钙蛋白I、脑钠肽、C反应蛋白、肌酐、尿素氮、LAD、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWTd)和室间隔厚度(IVSTd);计算估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)和体质量指数。采用Spearman相关分析法探讨LAD与肌酐、尿素氮、eGFR的相关性;将eGFR<60 mL/(min·1.73 m^(2))设定为肾功能不全,采用单因素Logistic回归分析探讨心房颤动患者肾功能不全的影响因素;采用二元Logistic回归分析探讨房颤患者LAD与肾功能不全的关系。结果 Spearman相关分析结果显示,心房颤动患者中LAD与肌酐(r=0.279,P<0.001)、尿素氮(r=0.190,P<0.001)呈正相关,与eGFR(r=-0.263,P<0.001)呈负相关。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、糖尿病病史、高血压病史、冠心病病史、心力衰竭病史、房颤类型、钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2抑制剂用药史、利尿剂用药史、LAD、LVEF、LVDd、IVSTd均为房颤患者肾功能不全的影响因素(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,与LAD第1四分位(LAD≤38 mm)相比,LAD第4四分位(LAD>47 mm)心房颤动患者发生肾功能不全的风险升高5.199倍(OR=5.199, 95%CI:1.210~22.337,P=0.027)。结论 心房颤动患者的LAD与肾功能显著相关,且LAD是心房颤动患者肾功能不全的影响因素。