A modified continuous-variable quantum key distribution （CVQKD） protocol is proposed by originating the entangled source from a malicious third party Eve in the middle instead of generating it from the trustworthy A...A modified continuous-variable quantum key distribution （CVQKD） protocol is proposed by originating the entangled source from a malicious third party Eve in the middle instead of generating it from the trustworthy Alice or Bob. This method is able to enhance the efficiency of the CVQKD scheme attacked by local oscillator （LO） intensity attack in terms of the generated secret key rate in quantum communication. The other indication of the improvement is that the maximum transmission distance and the maximum loss tolerance can be increased significantly, especially for CVQKD schemes based on homodyne detection.展开更多
Maize is widely cultivated in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and provides farmers with nutrition and income. However, the fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) invasion is a threat ...Maize is widely cultivated in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and provides farmers with nutrition and income. However, the fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) invasion is a threat to its production and supply. Hence, this field experiment was conducted to assess the bio-efficacy of plant-derived pesticides (PDPs) against FAW and their interactive effects on maize agronomic performance under field conditions. The treatments studied were turmeric rhizome extract (TRE), neem leaf ash solution (NLAS), neem bark extract (NBE), and untreated plots (control) and were replicated 5 times using the randomized complete block design. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated by Fisher’s protected least significant difference test. The result showed that the application of PDPs significantly reduced FAW infestation during the period of peak infestation. At 33 DAS, NBE significantly had the lowest number of FAW larvae (0.6) [F (4, 15) = 5.11, p = 0.02] and FAW attack intensity (29.8%) [F (4, 15) = 8.69, p F (4, 15) = 3.58, p = 0.04] and had the highest number of harvested ears (5.0) [F (4, 15) = 3.72, p = 0.04] and fresh ear weights (447 g) [F (4, 15) = 4.65, p = 0.02] compared to NLAS. The TRE and NLAS had performed poorly relative to the control. Hence, NBE can be used to control FAW infestation at a period of high attack intensity (33 DAS). Moreover, this study will provide basic information for future studies on biopesticidal plant extracts as a control of FAW infestation under field conditions in PNG.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61379153,61401519,and 61572529)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2017JJ3415)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China(Grant Nos.AC16380094and 1598008-29)the Natural Science Fund of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.2015GXNSFAA139298)
文摘A modified continuous-variable quantum key distribution （CVQKD） protocol is proposed by originating the entangled source from a malicious third party Eve in the middle instead of generating it from the trustworthy Alice or Bob. This method is able to enhance the efficiency of the CVQKD scheme attacked by local oscillator （LO） intensity attack in terms of the generated secret key rate in quantum communication. The other indication of the improvement is that the maximum transmission distance and the maximum loss tolerance can be increased significantly, especially for CVQKD schemes based on homodyne detection.
文摘Maize is widely cultivated in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and provides farmers with nutrition and income. However, the fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) invasion is a threat to its production and supply. Hence, this field experiment was conducted to assess the bio-efficacy of plant-derived pesticides (PDPs) against FAW and their interactive effects on maize agronomic performance under field conditions. The treatments studied were turmeric rhizome extract (TRE), neem leaf ash solution (NLAS), neem bark extract (NBE), and untreated plots (control) and were replicated 5 times using the randomized complete block design. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated by Fisher’s protected least significant difference test. The result showed that the application of PDPs significantly reduced FAW infestation during the period of peak infestation. At 33 DAS, NBE significantly had the lowest number of FAW larvae (0.6) [F (4, 15) = 5.11, p = 0.02] and FAW attack intensity (29.8%) [F (4, 15) = 8.69, p F (4, 15) = 3.58, p = 0.04] and had the highest number of harvested ears (5.0) [F (4, 15) = 3.72, p = 0.04] and fresh ear weights (447 g) [F (4, 15) = 4.65, p = 0.02] compared to NLAS. The TRE and NLAS had performed poorly relative to the control. Hence, NBE can be used to control FAW infestation at a period of high attack intensity (33 DAS). Moreover, this study will provide basic information for future studies on biopesticidal plant extracts as a control of FAW infestation under field conditions in PNG.
