To measure the working band of a digital attenuator automatically,a program based on virtual instrument was carried out,using Agilent E8362B network analyzer as its measuring tool.In the program,the attenuation values...To measure the working band of a digital attenuator automatically,a program based on virtual instrument was carried out,using Agilent E8362B network analyzer as its measuring tool.In the program,the attenuation values can be automatically written into Excel table to form the frequency-attenuation curve.Finally,through analyzing the attenuation in different frequency,the best working band of the digital attenuator can be determined easily,and the whole process is automated.Compared with the traditional way of changing the measured parameters manually and recording the measured data one by one,the developed method in the paper can avoid the cumbersome manual operation and its possible errors to improve the measurement accuracy and efficiency.展开更多
The seismic performance of rubber concrete-layered periodic foundations are significantly influenced by their design,in which the band gaps play a paramount role.Aiming at providing better designs for these foundation...The seismic performance of rubber concrete-layered periodic foundations are significantly influenced by their design,in which the band gaps play a paramount role.Aiming at providing better designs for these foundations,this study first proposes and validates the analytical formulas to approximate the bounds of the first few band gaps.In addition,the mapping relations linking the frequencies of different band gaps are presented.Furthermore,an optimal design method for these foundations is developed,which is validated through an engineering example.It is demonstrated that ensuring the superstructure’s resonance zones are completely covered by the corresponding periodic foundation’s band gaps can achieve satisfactory vibration attenuation effects,which is a good strategy for the design of rubber concrete layered periodic foundations.展开更多
In this paper we present an experimental validated system for measuring rainfall due to radio frequency (RF) signal attenuation at 2 GHz. Measurements took place in Ioannina, NW Greece, starting in April 2015 and last...In this paper we present an experimental validated system for measuring rainfall due to radio frequency (RF) signal attenuation at 2 GHz. Measurements took place in Ioannina, NW Greece, starting in April 2015 and lasting for twelve months. The primary acquired extensive results have shown reliable and accurate measurements for rainfall amounts smaller than 1 mm for 5 min periods. The very important innovation is that this paper presents significant earth-to-earth measurements due to rainfall attenuation (at 2 GHz) in order to act as a map for future investigation and as a prior knowledge for the behavior of other systems operating at frequencies around S-band.展开更多
Phononic crystals (PCs) are functional materials with periodic structures and elas- tic wave (vibration) band gaps, where propagation of vibrations with frequencies within band gaps is forbidden. PCs with finite perio...Phononic crystals (PCs) are functional materials with periodic structures and elas- tic wave (vibration) band gaps, where propagation of vibrations with frequencies within band gaps is forbidden. PCs with finite periods can restrain the propagation of vibrations with frequencies in band gaps and thus has vibration attenuation property. Worldwide, many institutions and researchers are engaged in the re- search of PCs, however, studies on the vibration attenuation property of PCs are still limited. In this paper, we report our study of band gaps and vibration attenua- tion properties of 1) a simplified PC—periodic mass-spring structures, 2) longitu- dinal vibration of one-dimensional (1D-), 2D-, 3D-PCs, and 3) the flexural vibration of 1D- and 2D-PCs. These studies provide a foundation for the applications of PCs in vibration attenuation.展开更多
C band digital weather radar observed data, collected from the Huaihe River Basin Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (HUBEX), are used for the study of correction of hydrometeor attenuation in the Fuyang region. An ite...C band digital weather radar observed data, collected from the Huaihe River Basin Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (HUBEX), are used for the study of correction of hydrometeor attenuation in the Fuyang region. An iterative algorithm is used for the correction scheme. The preliminary study shows that there may be a big difference between the radar observed reflectivity and the corresponding corrected one. Based upon the hourly precipitation data derived by the radar data sampled from the observations at intervals of 10 min and rain gauge recorded hourly precipitation data, it is found that the attenuation correction algorithm gives better results than those from direct observation. It is also shown that the temperature of hydrometeors may strongly affect the results derived from the attenuation algorithm.展开更多
星系形成的半解析模型是研究星系形成的重要工具,当前主流的半解析模型不仅可以重现许多观测的星系性质,也可以用来预言今后可能的大规模巡天观测结果.使用L-Galaxies半解析模型生成星系的恒星形成历史,考虑尘埃吸收以及再辐射,结合基于...星系形成的半解析模型是研究星系形成的重要工具,当前主流的半解析模型不仅可以重现许多观测的星系性质,也可以用来预言今后可能的大规模巡天观测结果.使用L-Galaxies半解析模型生成星系的恒星形成历史,考虑尘埃吸收以及再辐射,结合基于SKIRT(Stellar Kinematics Including Radiative Transfer)辐射转移过程的机器学习模型starduster,预测星系的多波段能谱分布.结果显示starduster模型的尘埃消光略微不足,导致在紫外及光学波段亮度略高于观测数据,在更长的红外波段,starduster较好地复现了亮端的星系数目,不过在暗端处稍显不足.同时,把经验的尘埃消光结合红外的能谱模板作为经验模型,也可以得到从远紫外到远红外的光度函数.经验模型表现出良好的尘埃消光效果,并且其总体红外光度函数与观测结果相符.虽然由于模板的观测数据限制,无法完全重现暗端星系的数量,但经验模型能够较好地预测红外各个波段的光度函数.展开更多
Different attenuation correction methods for the X-band dual linear polarimetric radar are analyzed in this paper.The specific differential phase shift KDP is always considered as an effective factor in radar signal a...Different attenuation correction methods for the X-band dual linear polarimetric radar are analyzed in this paper.The specific differential phase shift KDP is always considered as an effective factor in radar signal attenuation correction.However,the values of KDP for light rains are too small,which results in unstable quality and large errors of rainfall estimation.Therefore,radar horizontal reflectivity ZH and specific differential phase shift are combined together in the ZH-KDP method to correct the attenuation error.Based on the similar consideration,a ZH-KDP-R combined technique is also proposed to estimate rainfall（R）.During the development and set-up of the synchronous transmitting and receiving dual polaximetric Doppler weather radar with 3.2 cm wave length,a set of observational data were obtained in the field experiment in Pingliang,Gansu Province in August 2005.Some continuous measurements with 5-12-minute intervals were gained in the time period from 1508 to 2205（Beijing Time）11 August 2005.Using the data,the performance of the combined attenuation correction and rainfall estimation methods is examined.The results indicate that the ZH-KDP combined method is effective and the correction speed meets the requirement of real-time operations.The analysis of the precipitation process shows that the ZH-KDP-R combined technique is more suitable for rainfall estimation than single factor methods such as the KDP-R or Z-R relation,and the estimated results are in good agreement with automatic rain gauge records.As to the Z-R relation,the deviation between the precipitation estimation and the available gauge measurement decreases obviously when the corrected ZH is used,indicating that the radar data quality has been obviously improved after the attenuation correction.展开更多
基金Fujian Province Key Technology Projects Fund(No.2006H0092)
文摘To measure the working band of a digital attenuator automatically,a program based on virtual instrument was carried out,using Agilent E8362B network analyzer as its measuring tool.In the program,the attenuation values can be automatically written into Excel table to form the frequency-attenuation curve.Finally,through analyzing the attenuation in different frequency,the best working band of the digital attenuator can be determined easily,and the whole process is automated.Compared with the traditional way of changing the measured parameters manually and recording the measured data one by one,the developed method in the paper can avoid the cumbersome manual operation and its possible errors to improve the measurement accuracy and efficiency.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.52078395 and 52178301the Open Projects Foundation of the State Key Laboratory for Health and Safety of Bridge Structures under Grant No.BHSKL19-07-GF+1 种基金the Dawn Program of Knowledge Innovation Project from the Bureau of Science and Technology of Wuhan Municipality under Grant No.2022010801020357the Science Research Foundation of Wuhan Institute of Technology under Grant No.K2021030。
文摘The seismic performance of rubber concrete-layered periodic foundations are significantly influenced by their design,in which the band gaps play a paramount role.Aiming at providing better designs for these foundations,this study first proposes and validates the analytical formulas to approximate the bounds of the first few band gaps.In addition,the mapping relations linking the frequencies of different band gaps are presented.Furthermore,an optimal design method for these foundations is developed,which is validated through an engineering example.It is demonstrated that ensuring the superstructure’s resonance zones are completely covered by the corresponding periodic foundation’s band gaps can achieve satisfactory vibration attenuation effects,which is a good strategy for the design of rubber concrete layered periodic foundations.
文摘In this paper we present an experimental validated system for measuring rainfall due to radio frequency (RF) signal attenuation at 2 GHz. Measurements took place in Ioannina, NW Greece, starting in April 2015 and lasting for twelve months. The primary acquired extensive results have shown reliable and accurate measurements for rainfall amounts smaller than 1 mm for 5 min periods. The very important innovation is that this paper presents significant earth-to-earth measurements due to rainfall attenuation (at 2 GHz) in order to act as a map for future investigation and as a prior knowledge for the behavior of other systems operating at frequencies around S-band.
基金the 973 State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No. 51307)
文摘Phononic crystals (PCs) are functional materials with periodic structures and elas- tic wave (vibration) band gaps, where propagation of vibrations with frequencies within band gaps is forbidden. PCs with finite periods can restrain the propagation of vibrations with frequencies in band gaps and thus has vibration attenuation property. Worldwide, many institutions and researchers are engaged in the re- search of PCs, however, studies on the vibration attenuation property of PCs are still limited. In this paper, we report our study of band gaps and vibration attenua- tion properties of 1) a simplified PC—periodic mass-spring structures, 2) longitu- dinal vibration of one-dimensional (1D-), 2D-, 3D-PCs, and 3) the flexural vibration of 1D- and 2D-PCs. These studies provide a foundation for the applications of PCs in vibration attenuation.
文摘C band digital weather radar observed data, collected from the Huaihe River Basin Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (HUBEX), are used for the study of correction of hydrometeor attenuation in the Fuyang region. An iterative algorithm is used for the correction scheme. The preliminary study shows that there may be a big difference between the radar observed reflectivity and the corresponding corrected one. Based upon the hourly precipitation data derived by the radar data sampled from the observations at intervals of 10 min and rain gauge recorded hourly precipitation data, it is found that the attenuation correction algorithm gives better results than those from direct observation. It is also shown that the temperature of hydrometeors may strongly affect the results derived from the attenuation algorithm.
文摘星系形成的半解析模型是研究星系形成的重要工具,当前主流的半解析模型不仅可以重现许多观测的星系性质,也可以用来预言今后可能的大规模巡天观测结果.使用L-Galaxies半解析模型生成星系的恒星形成历史,考虑尘埃吸收以及再辐射,结合基于SKIRT(Stellar Kinematics Including Radiative Transfer)辐射转移过程的机器学习模型starduster,预测星系的多波段能谱分布.结果显示starduster模型的尘埃消光略微不足,导致在紫外及光学波段亮度略高于观测数据,在更长的红外波段,starduster较好地复现了亮端的星系数目,不过在暗端处稍显不足.同时,把经验的尘埃消光结合红外的能谱模板作为经验模型,也可以得到从远紫外到远红外的光度函数.经验模型表现出良好的尘埃消光效果,并且其总体红外光度函数与观测结果相符.虽然由于模板的观测数据限制,无法完全重现暗端星系的数量,但经验模型能够较好地预测红外各个波段的光度函数.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.40975013 and 40975014
文摘Different attenuation correction methods for the X-band dual linear polarimetric radar are analyzed in this paper.The specific differential phase shift KDP is always considered as an effective factor in radar signal attenuation correction.However,the values of KDP for light rains are too small,which results in unstable quality and large errors of rainfall estimation.Therefore,radar horizontal reflectivity ZH and specific differential phase shift are combined together in the ZH-KDP method to correct the attenuation error.Based on the similar consideration,a ZH-KDP-R combined technique is also proposed to estimate rainfall（R）.During the development and set-up of the synchronous transmitting and receiving dual polaximetric Doppler weather radar with 3.2 cm wave length,a set of observational data were obtained in the field experiment in Pingliang,Gansu Province in August 2005.Some continuous measurements with 5-12-minute intervals were gained in the time period from 1508 to 2205（Beijing Time）11 August 2005.Using the data,the performance of the combined attenuation correction and rainfall estimation methods is examined.The results indicate that the ZH-KDP combined method is effective and the correction speed meets the requirement of real-time operations.The analysis of the precipitation process shows that the ZH-KDP-R combined technique is more suitable for rainfall estimation than single factor methods such as the KDP-R or Z-R relation,and the estimated results are in good agreement with automatic rain gauge records.As to the Z-R relation,the deviation between the precipitation estimation and the available gauge measurement decreases obviously when the corrected ZH is used,indicating that the radar data quality has been obviously improved after the attenuation correction.
