Attributes of Domestic Spaces for Contemporary Habitation-A Secondary Publication

The domestic space can be defined as the sphere that articulates the needs for subjective containment and contextual stimuli.In this sense,questions arise about the indispensable attributes that spaces must possess for this articulation to take place adequately.Architecture,as the discipline in charge of satisfying the specific spatial needs of those who inhabit these spaces and,in a broader sense,as a concrete contribution to society,must address this relationship in all its complexity and generate concrete responses that incorporate the appropriate spatial attributes during the design processes.The design processes that shape living spaces confront this dialectic,and the manner in which they do so brings identity and character to them.It is believed that the higher the level of variables that are contemplated and weighted,the greater the adequacy of spaces to the changing dynamics of the people who inhabit them.This article focuses on a thorough analysis of these spatial attributes,in parallel to the definition of each one as a particular condition for design,based on their conceptualization,breakdown,and articulation.Conceptually,the following attributes are addressed:flexibility,adaptability,variability,versatility,multiplicity,plurality,integrality,gradualness,incrementality,progressiveness,independence,connectivity,intimacy,and privacy.Each of these attributes is valued as a contribution to creating adequate habitability in contextual terms,with consideration to possible integrations and combinations.

Modelling of Active and Latent Attributes Based on Traveler Perspectives: Case of Port City of Douala

A growing stream of study stresses the relevance of subjective elements in understanding the hierarchy of preferences that underpin individual travel behavior. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of various factors on mode choice. To achieve this, a multinomial logit model (MNL) was used to analyze the relationships between mode choice and three classes of attributes;Combined Active and Latent, Active only and Latent only attributes. The data used are derived from surveys in the port city of Douala, Cameroon as a case study. Results stipulated that, the combined attributes model performed better than both active only attributes and latent only attributes models. Likewise, latent only attributes model performed better than active only attributes model. The advantage of modelling all three groups is for better selection of the most relevant attributes, and this is very relevant in understanding travel behavior of individuals and mode choice decisions.

Quantitative evaluation of gas hydrate reservoir by AVO attributes analysis based on the Brekhovskikh equation

AVO (Amplitude variation with offset) technology is widely used in gas hydrate research. BSR (Bottom simulating reflector), caused by the huge difference in wave impedance between the hydrate reservoir and the underlying free gas reservoir, is the bottom boundary mark of the hydrate reservoir. Analyzing the AVO attributes of BSR can evaluate hydrate reservoirs. However, the Zoeppritz equation which is the theoretical basis of conventional AVO technology has inherent problems: the Zoeppritz equation does not consider the influence of thin layer thickness on reflection coefficients;the approximation of the Zoeppritz equation assumes that the difference of wave impedance between the two sides of the interface is small. These assumptions are not consistent with the occurrence characteristics of natural gas hydrate. The Brekhovskikh equation, which is more suitable for thin-layer reflection coefficient calculation, is used as the theoretical basis for AVO analysis. The reflection coefficients calculated by the Brekhovskikh equation are complex numbers with phase angles. Therefore, attributes of the reflection coefficient and its phase angle changing with offset are used to analyze the hydrate reservoir's porosity, saturation, and thickness. Finally, the random forest algorithm is used to predict the reservoir porosity, hydrate saturation, and thickness of the hydrate reservoir. In the synthetic data, the inversion results based on the four attributes of the Brekhovskikh equation are better than the conventional inversion results based on the two attributes of Zoeppritz, and the thickness can be accurately predicted. The proposed method also achieves good results in the application of Blake Ridge data. According to the method proposed in this paper, the hydrate reservoir in the area has a high porosity (more than 50%), and a medium saturation (between 10% and 20%). The thickness is mainly between 200m and 300m. It is consistent with the previous results obtained by velocity analysis.

Classifying Big Medical Data through Bootstrap Decision Forest Using Penalizing Attributes

Decision forest is a well-renowned machine learning technique to address the detection and prediction problems related to clinical data.But,the tra-ditional decision forest(DF)algorithms have lower classification accuracy and cannot handle high-dimensional feature space effectively.In this work,we pro-pose a bootstrap decision forest using penalizing attributes(BFPA)algorithm to predict heart disease with higher accuracy.This work integrates a significance-based attribute selection(SAS)algorithm with the BFPA classifier to improve the performance of the diagnostic system in identifying cardiac illness.The pro-posed SAS algorithm is used to determine the correlation among attributes and to select the optimum subset of feature space for learning and testing processes.BFPA selects the optimal number of learning and testing data points as well as the density of trees in the forest to realize higher prediction accuracy in classifying imbalanced datasets effectively.The effectiveness of the developed classifier is cautiously verified on the real-world database(i.e.,Heart disease dataset from UCI repository)by relating its enactment with many advanced approaches with respect to the accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,precision,and intersection over-union(IoU).The empirical results demonstrate that the intended classification approach outdoes other approaches with superior enactment regarding the accu-racy,precision,sensitivity,specificity,and IoU of 94.7%,99.2%,90.1%,91.1%,and 90.4%,correspondingly.Additionally,we carry out Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test to determine whether our proposed classifier with feature selection method enables a noteworthy enhancement related to other classifiers or not.From the experimental results,we can conclude that the integration of SAS and BFPA outperforms other classifiers recently reported in the literature.

Profiling the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques on the physicochemical attributes of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins

There is a constant search for biomaterials from natural products like plants for food and industrial applications.The work embodied in this report aimed at investigating the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction(MAE and SE) techniques on the functional physicochemical quality characteristics of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins extracts. M. oleifera seeds were ground to fine powders and oil was extracted by microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques using petroleum ether. Quality attributes including yield percent, moisture content,iodine, saponification, specific gravity, viscosity, p H, thiobarbituric acid, acid and peroxide values were measured. Mineral and vitamin contents, chemical/functional groups, fatty acid(FA) composition, and reducing power of the oil were evaluated. Metabolomics of protein extracted from the defatted powders were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). M. oleifera oil from MAE and SE methods had good yield(34.25 ± 0.0%,28.75 ± 0.0%), low moisture content(0.008 ± 0.0%, 0.011 ± 0.0%), non-drying and unsaturated, moderately saponified, less dense(0.91 ± 0.01, 0.92 ± 0.02 g m L^(-1)), had Newtonian flow, were weakly acidic, showed good content of FAs, recorded strong potential for long shelf-life, showed stability against oxidative rancidity and enzymatic hydrolysis, had very rich deposits of micro-and macro-nutrients as well as water-soluble and lipidsoluble vitamins, and functional groups in the oil were reflective of its content of long-and medium-chain triglycerides(LCT and MCT). Monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids(MUFA and SFA) were detected and the oil has excellent ferric ion reducing power. NMR metabolomic assay revealed the presence of nine essential amino acids(EAAs) in the protein extract. MAE technique is a feasible and acceptable alternative for high throughput extraction of M. oleifera oil with high yield and excellent quality attributes. The study revealed that MAE did not impart any remarkable advantage(s) on the physicochemical properties of M. oleifera seed oil and protein compared to SE technique.

Structural attributes,evolution and petroleum geological significances of the Tongnan negative structure in the central Sichuan Basin,SW China

The Tongnan secondary negative structure in central Sichuan Basin has controls and influences on the structural framework and petroleum geological conditions in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area.To clarify the controls and influences,the deformation characteristics,structural attributes and evolution process of the Tongnan negative structure were investigated through a series of qualitative and quantitative methods such as balanced profile restoration,area-depth-strain(ADS)analysis,and structural geometric forward numerical simulation,after comprehensive structural interpretation of high-precision 3D seismic data.The results are obtained in three aspects.First,above and below the P/AnP(Permian/pre-Permian)unconformity,the Tongnan negative structure demonstrates vertical differential structural deformation.It experiences two stages of structural stacking and reworking:extensional depression(from the Sinian Dengying Formation to the Permian),and compressional syncline deformation(after the Jurassic).The multi-phase trishear deformation of the preexisting deep normal faults dominated the extensional depression.The primary depression episodes occurred in the periods from the end of Late Proterozoic to the deposition of the 1st–2nd members of the Dengying Formation,and from the deposition of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation–Middle–Upper Cambrian until the Ordovician.Second,the multi-stage evolution process of the Tongnan negative structure controlled the oil and gas migration and adjustment and present-day differential gas and water distribution between the Tongnan negative structure and the Gaoshiti and Moxi-Longnüsi structural highs.Third,the Ordovician,which is limitedly distributed in the Tongnan negative structure and is truncated by the P/AnP unconformity on the top,has basic geological conditions for the formation of weathering karst carbonate reservoirs.It is a new petroleum target deserving attention.

A Look at Contrastive Linguistics--Differences and Similarities between English Attributes and Chinese Attributes

Contrastive linguistics is a branch of linguistics which mainly involves contrast or comparison,and it can leave us some useful insights into our problems,especially for translation work.This paper discusses similarities and differences between English attributes and Chinese attributes from the perspective of the location,the composition,and the function,for the purpose of presenting a sound version for the original text.

The Implications of Different Attributes in English and Chinese for Translation Teaching

Comparative study between English and Chinese attributes has been a research hotspot.The differences between English and Chinese attributes are elaborated by examples and translation strategies of English and Chinese attributes are discussed in this paper,from which the implications for translation teaching are stated at the same time.

Effect of chromium on growth attributes in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)

Heavy metal soil pollution takes place when the metal concentration of soil exceeds natural background level and causes ecological destruction and deterioration of the environment.In the present study,a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chromium-contaminated soil in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)growth attributes.Three different levels of chromium(Cr)i.e.,20, 40,and 60 mg/kg were applied to three varieties of sunflower(G-3,G-9,and G-59).The results of morphological,chemical,and yield p...

Continuous applications of biochar to rice: Effects on grain yield and yield attributes

Biochar is considered as a beneficial soil amendment for crop production. However, limited information is available on the effects of continuous applications of biochar on rice. In this study, a fixed field experiment was conducted in the early and late rice-growing seasons from 2015 to 2017. Grain yield and yield attributes with a widely-grown rice cultivar Zhongzao 39 were compared, with and without applications of biochar in each season. The results showed that grain yield initially decreased with biochar applications in the first three seasons due to decreases in grain weight and harvest index. Although there were further relative decreases in grain weight and harvest index for rice that was supplied with biochar in the fourth to sixth seasons, grain yield was increased(by 4–10%) because of increases in sink size(spikelets per m2) and total biomass. The increased sink size in rice whose soil had been supplied with biochar in the fourth to sixth seasons was achieved by increasing panicle size(spikelets per panicle) or number of panicles, or both. Our study suggests that the positive effects of biochar application on rice yield and yield attributes depend on the duration of biochar application. Further investigations are needed to determine what are the soil and physiological processes for producing yield responses associated with ongoing applications of biochar. Also, it should be evaluated the performance of biochar application combined with other management practices, especially those can increase the grain weight and harvest index in rice production.

Changes in Enzymatic Activity and Quality Attributes of Late-mature Peaches in Response to Controlled Atmosphere Conditions

Late-mature peaches (Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. Dongxuemi) were stored in air, modification atmosphere (MA) and controlled atmospheres (CA) at 1℃ to investigate enzymatic activities, flesh browning, quality attributes and fruit storability during storage periods. Peaches stored in CA conditions showed significant lower activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) compared to that kept in MA and in air during the early period of storage. CA treatments indicated a better result in maintaining fruit firmness, color and titratable acidity than MA and control treatments. But there was no significant difference in vitamin C and total soluble solids of peaches stored in CA, MA and air. Increasing PPO activity obviously stimulated flesh browning. Peach fruits stored in CA conditions showed a lower activity of POD and higher firmness in the early period of storage. The peaches stored in 5%CO2 + 5%O2 and 10%CO2 + 5%O2 for 92 days had a good quality without any off-flavor. The results indicated CA conditions obviously inhibited the enzymatic browning, delayed senescence and maintained quality of late-mature peaches.

Numerical Simulation of Bubble Plumes and an Analysis of Their Seismic Attributes

To study the bubble plume's seismic response characteristics,the model of a plume water body has been built in this article using the bubble-contained medium acoustic velocity model and the stochastic medium theory based on an analysis of both the acoustic characteristics of a bubble-contained water body and the actual features of a plume.The finite difference method is used for forward modelling,and the single-shot seismic record exhibits the characteristics of a scattered wave field generated by a plume.A meaningful conclusion is obtained by extracting seismic attributes from the pre-stack shot gather record of a plume.The values of the amplitude-related seismic attributes increase greatly as the bubble content goes up,and changes in bubble radius will not cause seismic attributes to change,which is primarily observed because the bubble content has a strong impact on the plume's acoustic velocity,while the bubble radius has a weak impact on the acoustic velocity.The above conclusion provides a theoretical reference for identifying hydrate plumes using seismic methods and contributes to further study on hydrate decomposition and migration,as well as on distribution of the methane bubble in seawater.

Quantifying muskmelon fruit attributes with A-TEP-based model and machine vision measurement

In this study, we established a dynamic morphological model using the accumulated thermal effectiveness and photosynthetic active radiation （PAR） （A-TEP）, aiming to explore the relationship between muskmelon （Cucumis melo L.） fruit attributes and environmental factors. Muskmelon surface color was described by parameters of red, green, blue, hue, saturation and brightness （HSI）. Three characteristic parameters, gray level co-occurrence matrix （GLCM）, angular second moment （ASM）, entropy, contrast, and the coverage rate were used to describe the process of muskmelon fruit netting formation. ASM was not significant difference during muskmelon fruit growth. The number and deep of netting stripes gradually increased with fruit growth. Coverage rate increased rapidly for 15-30 d after pollination. The vertical and horizontal diameters of muskmelon fruit were followed a logistic curve. And root mean squared errors （RMSE） between the simulated and measured vertical and horizontal diameters were 3.527 and 4.696 mm, respectively. RMSE of red, green, blue, saturation and brightness were 0.999, 2.690, 2.992, 0.033 and 5.51, respectively, and the RMSE for entropy, contrast and coverage rates were 0.077, 0.063 and 0.015, respectively, indicating a well consistent between measured and simulated values.

Optimal yield-related attributes of irrigated rice for high yield potential based on path analysis and stability analysis

Improvement of yield in rice(Oryza sativa L.) is vital for ensuring food security in China. Both rice breeders and growers need an improved understanding of the relationship between yield and yield-related traits. New indica cultivars(53 in 2007 and 48 in 2008) were grown in Taoyuan,Yunnan province, to identify important components contributing to yield. Additionally, two standard indica rice cultivars with similar yield potentials, II You 107(a large-panicle type) and Xieyou 107(a heavy-panicle type), were planted in Taoyuan, Yunnan province and Nanjing,Jiangsu province, from 2006 to 2008 to evaluate the stability of yield and yield-related attributes.Growth duration(GD), leaf area index(LAI), panicles per m2(PN), and spikelets per m2(SM) were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield(GY) over all years. Sequential path analysis identified PN and panicle weight(PW) as important first-order traits that influenced grain yield. All direct effects were significant, as indicated by bootstrap analysis. Yield potential varied greatly across locations but not across years. Plant height(PH), days from heading to maturity(HM), and grain weight(GW) were stable traits that showed little variation across sites or years, whereas GD(mainly the pre-heading period, PHP) and PN varied significantly across locations. To achieve a yield of 15 t ha-1, a cultivar should have a PH of 110–125 cm, a long GD with HM of approximately 40 days, a PN of 300–400 m-2, and a GW of 29–31 mg.

Estimating light interception using the color attributes of digital images of cotton canopies

Crop growth and yield depend on canopy light interception （LI）. To identify a low-cost and relatively efficient index for measuring LI, several color attributes of red-green-blue （RGB）, hue-saturation-intensity （HSI）, hue-saturation-value （HSV） color models and the component values of color attributes in the RGB color model were investigated using digital images at six cotton plant population densities in 2012-2014. The results showed that the LI values followed downward quadratic curves after planting. The red （R）, green （G） and blue （B） values varied greatly over the years, in accordance with Cai＇s research demonstrating that the RGB model is affected by outside light. Quadratic curves were fit to these color attributes at six plant population densities. Additionally, linear regressions of LI on every color attribute revealed that the hue （H） values in HSI and HSV were significantly linearly correlated with LI with a determination coefficient （R2）〉0.89 and a root mean square error （RMSE）=0.05. Thus, the H values in the HSI and HSV models could be used to measure LI, and this hypothesis was validated. The H values are new indexes for quantitatively estimating the LI of heterogeneous crop cano- pies, which will provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the crop canopy structure. However, further research should be conducted in other crops and under other growing and environmental conditions to verify this finding.

Pedestrian Attributes Recognition in Surveillance Scenarios with Hierarchical Multi-Task CNN Models

Pedestrian attributes recognition is a very important problem in video surveillance and video forensics. Traditional methods assume the pedestrian attributes are independent and design handcraft features for each one. In this paper, we propose a joint hierarchical multi-task learning algorithm to learn the relationships among attributes for better recognizing the pedestrian attributes in still images using convolutional neural networks(CNN). We divide the attributes into local and global ones according to spatial and semantic relations, and then consider learning semantic attributes through a hierarchical multi-task CNN model where each CNN in the first layer will predict each group of such local attributes and CNN in the second layer will predict the global attributes. Our multi-task learning framework allows each CNN model to simultaneously share visual knowledge among different groups of attribute categories. Extensive experiments are conducted on two popular and challenging benchmarks in surveillance scenarios, namely, the PETA and RAP pedestrian attributes datasets. On both benchmarks, our framework achieves superior results over the state-of-theart methods by 88.2% on PETA and 83.25% on RAP, respectively.

Ratio-Cum-Product Estimator Using Multiple Auxiliary Attributes in Single Phase Sampling

In this paper, we have proposed a class of ratio-cum-product estimator for estimating population mean of study variable for single phase sampling using multi-auxiliary attributes. The expressions for mean square error are derived. An empirical study is given to compare the performance of the estimator with existing estimators. It has been found that the ratio-cum-product estimator using multiple auxiliary attributes is more efficient than mean per unit, product and ratio estimators using one auxiliary attribute, and Product and Ratio estimators using multiple auxiliary attributes in single phase sampling.

A New Growth Model of Fault Attributes in a Strike-Slip Fault System in the Tarim Basin

Fault attributes generally display a consistent power–law-scaling relationship.Based on new 3 D seismic data,however,we found some exceptional fault attribute relationships of lengths(L)–throw(T)(vertical component of displacement),overlap zone length(Lo)–width(Wo)from a strike-slip fault system of the Ordovician carbonates in the Tarim Basin.The L–T relationship shows two linear segments with breakup at^40 km in fault length.This presents an exceptional throw increase in the second stage,which is attributed to a localization of vertical displacement and deformation in overlapping zones other than the different fault scales in a mature fault zone.The Lo–Wo relationship in the overlapping zones shows multiply stepped-shape patterns,suggesting multiple fault differential growth and periodic increase in fault size.Therefore,we propose a new alternative growth model of fault attributes in strike-slip fault zones,in which the overlapping zones accumulated localized displacement and deformation in the intracratonic strike-slip fault zone.

Use of subcutaneous tocilizumab to prepare intravenous solutions for COVID-19 emergency shortage:Comparative analytical study of physicochemical quality attributes

COVID-19,a disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-Co V-2,has produced a serious emergency for global public health,placing enormous stress on national health systems in many countries.Several studies suggest that cytokine storms(interleukins)may play an important role in severe cases of COVID-19.Neutralizing key inflammatory factors in cytokine release syndrome(CRS)could therefore be of great value in reducing the mortality rate.Tocilizumab(TCZ)in its intravenous(IV)form of administration-Ro Actemra?20 mg/m L(Roche)-is indicated for treatment of severe CRS patients.Preliminary investigations have concluded that inhibition of IL-6 with TCZ appears to be efficacious and safe,with several ongoing clinical trials.This has led to a huge increase in demand for IV TCZ for treating severe COVID-19 patients in hospitals,which has resulted in drug shortages.Here,we present a comparability study assessing the main critical physicochemical attributes of TCZ solutions used for infusion,at 6 mg/m L and 4 mg/m L,prepared from Ro Actemra?20 mg/m L(IV form)and from Ro Actemra?162 mg(0.9 m L solution pre-filled syringe,subcutaneous(SC)form),to evaluate the use of the latter for preparing clinical solutions required for IV administration,so that in a situation of shortage of the IV medicine,the SC form could be used to prepare the solutions for IV delivery of TCZ.It is important to remember that during the current pandemic all the medicines are used off-label,since none of them has yet been approved for the treatment of COVID-19.

Impact of CEO attributes on corporate reputation,financial performance,and corporate sustainable growth:evidence from India

This article investigates the impact of CEO attributes on corporate reputation,financial performance,and corporate sustainable growth in India.Using static panel data methodology for a sample of NSE listed leading 138 non-financial companies over the time-frame 2011 to 2018,we find that CEO remuneration and tenure maintains significant positive associations with corporate reputation,while duality and CEO busyness are found to be associated with corporate reputation negatively.The results also show that female CEOs and CEO remuneration are associated with corporate financial performance positively,whereas CEO busyness,as expected,holds a significant negative relationship with corporate financial performance.Moreover,the results demonstrate that CEO age is associated with corporate sustainable growth negatively,while tenure appears to have a significant and positive association with corporate sustainable growth.The results are robust to various tests and suggest that in the Indian context,demographic and job-specific attributes of CEOs exert significant influence on corpo-rate reputation,financial performance,and corporate sustainable growth.The empirical findings would provide a basis for the shareholders and companies to identify areas of consideration when appointing CEOs and determining their roles and responsibilities.