Mechanisms underlying syntactic and semantic processing of Chinese simple sentences Evidence from event-related brain potentials

This study sought to test the processing of three types of sentences in Chinese, as correct sentences, semantic violation sentences, and sentences containing semantic and syntactic violations, based on the following sentence pattern： ＂subject （noun） ＋ yi/gang/zheng ＋ predicate （verb）＂. Event-related potentials on the scalp were recorded using 32-channel electroencephalography. Compared with correct sentences, target words elicited an early left anterior negativity （N400） and a later positivity （P600） over frontal, central and temporal sites in sentences involving semantic violations. In addition, when sentences contained both semantic and syntactic violations, the target words elicited a greater N400 and P600 distributed in posterior brain areas. These results indicate that Chinese sentence comprehension involves covert grammar processes.

Identification of a Novel Dynamic Red Blindness in Human by Event-related Brain Potentials

Dynamic color is an important carrier that takes information in some special occupations.However,up to the present,there are no available and objective tests to evaluate dynamic color processing.To investigate the characteristics of dynamic color processing,we adopted two patterns of visual stimulus called "onset-offset" which reflected static color stimuli and "sustained moving" without abrupt mode which reflected dynamic color stimuli to evoke event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in primary color amblyopia patients (abnormal group) and subjects with normal color recognition ability (normal group).ERPs were recorded by Neuroscan system.The results showed that in the normal group,ERPs in response to the dynamic red stimulus showed frontal positive amplitudes with a latency of about 180 ms,a negative peak at about 240 ms and a peak latency of the late positive potential (LPP) in a time window between 290 and 580 ms.In the abnormal group,ERPs in response to the dynamic red stimulus were fully lost and characterized by vanished amplitudes between 0 and 800 ms.No significant difference was noted in ERPs in response to the dynamic green and blue stimulus between the two groups (P】0.05).ERPs of the two groups in response to the static red,green and blue stimulus were not much different,showing a transient negative peak at about 170 ms and a peak latency of LPP in a time window between 350 and 650 ms.Our results first revealed that some subjects who were not identified as color blindness under static color recognition could not completely apperceive a sort of dynamic red stimulus by ERPs,which was called "dynamic red blindness".Furthermore,these results also indicated that low-frequency ERPs induced by "sustained moving" may be a good and new method to test dynamic color perception competence.

Relationships among Event-Related Potentials, Memory, and Schizophrenic Symptoms in College Students with Schizotypal-Traits

The present study investigated the relationships among event-related potentials (ERPs), memory, and schizophrenic symptoms in college students with schizotypal-traits. Scores on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) were used to categorize the participants into schizotypal-trait (n = 30) and normal control (n = 37) groups. ERPs were assessed using an auditory oddball paradigm, in which a series of standard tones (1000 Hz) and target tones (1500 Hz) were presented;participants were asked to count the number of presented target tones. The verbal memory and visual memory of the participants were evaluated using the Korean version of the California Verbal Learning Test (K-CVLT) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), respectively. The schizotypal-trait and control groups did not differ in terms of age, educational level, IQ score, accuracy on the auditory oddball task, or performance on the K-CVLT and RCFT measures. However, the schizotypal-trait group exhibited significantly smaller P300 amplitudes than the control group. Additionally, the P300 amplitudes measured at Cz and Pz were negatively correlated with the cognitive-perceptual factor scores on the SPQ. Thus, the present results indicate that reduced P300 amplitudes may represent a biological marker of schizophrenia.

Effect of Qiangli Dingxuan Tablet on Cerebral Hemodynamics and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Vertigo Patients with Posterior Circulation Ischemia

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Qiangli Dingxuan Tablet on cerebral hemodynamics and brainstem auditory evoked potentials in vertigo patients with posterior circulation ischemia. METHODS: A total of 120 vertigo patients with posterior circulation ischemia were randomly divided into observation group and control group. 60 patients in the control group were treated with conventional western medicine. 60 patients in the observation group were treated with Qiangli Dingxuan Tablet on the basis of the control group. After 2 weeks of treatment, the improvement of vertigo(dizziness handicap inventory(DHI), dizziness handicap inventory(DHI)), the hemodynamic index(Basilar artery blood flow velocity(BA), left vertebroarterial artery(LVA), and the average blood flow velocity of right vertebroarterial artery(RVA)) and the changes in brain stem auditory evoked potential(BAEP) of two groups were observed. And statistical analysis was conducted for the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions during treatment of two groups. RESULTS: The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05). The DHI and DARS scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P < 0.05), and the degree of reduction was more obvious in the observation group(P < 0.05). The levels of BA, LVA and RVA in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P < 0.05), and the levels of BA, LVA and RVA in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05). The indexes of BAEP latency I, II, III and indexes of BAEP peak latency I-III, III-V, IV were obviously lower than those before treatment(P < 0.05). Besides, the decrease of BAEP index in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P < 0.05). No adverse reactions occurred during the treatment of the two groups. CONCLUSION: Qiangli Dingxuan Tablet is able to significantly improve the cerebral hemodynamics and brainstem auditory evoked potentials of patients with PCIV, and quickly relieve vertigo. It is safe and reliable and worthy of clinical application.

Effect of Acupuncture on the Auditory Evoked Brain Stem Potential in Parkinson's Disease

Under the auditory evoked brain stem potential (ABP) examination, the latent period of V wave and the intermittent periods of III-V peak and I-V peak were significantly shortened in Parkinson's disease patients of the treatment group (N=29) after acupuncture treatment. The difference of cumulative scores in Webster's scale was also decreased in correlation analysis. The increase of dopamine in the brain and the excitability of the dopamine neurons may contribute to the therapeutic effects, in TCM terms, of subduing the pathogenic wind and tranquilizing the mind.……

Formal Auditory Training with Individuals after Traumatic Brain Injury

Purpose: Establishing the effects of a formal auditory training program on individuals, after a traumatic brain injury by means of behavioral and electrophysiological tests. Study Design: Longitudinal study. Setting: Study conducted at the electrophysiology clinic of the Federal University of S&#227;o Paulo. Patients: Nine individuals with normal hearing, 20 to 37 years old, who were exposed to severe traumatic brain injury (score of 3 - 8 on the Glasgow Coma Scale upon hospital admission), 6 - 24 months earlier (11 months on average) and had imaging tests showing diffuse axonal injury with or without associated focal lesion. Intervention(s): subjected to a formal auditory training program in an acoustic booth involving eight 45-minute sessions aiming at training the auditory temporal order judgment (frequency and duration of sounds), auditory closure, and figure-ground separation skills for verbal and nonverbal sounds in monotic and dichotic listening tasks. The sessions and activities, in each session, were organized in increasing order of complexity to challenge the auditory system. In order to establish the efficacy of the auditory training, all participants were subjected to behavioral and electrophysiological assessments of the auditory processing, before and after the formal auditory training. Results: On the electrophysiological assessment, the absolute latencies of waves III and V, and of interpeak interval I-V decreased after the auditory training. However, the P300 did not exhibit a significant difference in either the latency or the amplitude parameters. Regarding the behavioral assessment of the auditory processing, it was verified that adequacy of the auditory figure-ground skills for verbal sounds, and the temporal order judging skills. Conclusions: individuals with diffuse axonal injury following a severe traumatic brain injury exhibited an improvement of central auditory processing after formal auditory training, as manifested on electrophysiological and behavioral assessments.

Processing of global and local properties——An analysis with event-related brain potentials

The different processing of global and local properties of compound visual stimuli was studied with event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in the present experiment. It was found that, compared with the identification of global properties, the discrimination of local properties elicited longer RTs, lower accuracies, increased amplitudes of P1, decreased amplitudes of N1, and longer latencies of N2 and P3. The conflict of global and local properties increased the amplitudes of P2, decreased the amplitudes of P3, and prolonged latencies of N2 and P3. These results indicated that the advantage of global processing occurs at an early perceptual stage, and the attentional mechanisms for global and local processing may be different.

397例听神经瘤听力特征分析

目的 分析听神经瘤患者听力学特征,为筛查听神经瘤提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析2019年8月—2022年4月诊治的397例单侧听神经瘤患者临床资料,所有患者均行纯音测听、声导抗测试、言语识别率(SDS)、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)、听性脑干诱发电位(ABR)和颅脑增强MRI。结果 以典型症状就诊者312例,非典型症状就诊者85例。以突发性聋就诊者25例;患耳听力正常者54例,包含大型甚至特大型肿瘤,99例全聋者亦包含内听道和中型肿瘤。5例全聋者言语识别能力未完全消失。DPOAE一致型245例,耳蜗型72例,蜗后型79例。ABR阳性率98.0%(389/397),8例ABR波形正常者中3例为双侧非对称听力损失。结论 非典型症状就诊者占比21.4%,以突发性聋就诊、听力正常或ABR正常者不能排除听神经瘤;DPOAE和ABR可作为筛查听神经瘤的重要检查方法。

先天性外中耳畸形患者听性脑干反应与颞骨发育的相关性研究

目的探讨先天性外中耳畸形患者临床早期听性脑干反应(ABR)与远期颞骨发育情况之间的相关性。方法回顾性分析先天性外中耳畸形患者临床资料,包括婴幼儿期ABR、青少年或儿童期颞骨CT及患者基本情况等。比较颞骨发育不同患者间ABR阈值差异。结果Jahrsdoerfer评分及乳突气化程度与ABR气导阈值及气骨导差值负相关,先天性外耳道骨性闭锁患者Jahrsdoerfer评分高组ABR气导阈值(P=0.011)、ABR气骨导差值低于Jahrsdoerfer评分低组(P=0.033)。所有先天性外中耳畸形患者乳突气化型组ABR气导阈值(P=0.005)及气骨导差值(P<0.001)低于非气化型组。先天性外耳道狭窄伴胆脂瘤组ABR气导阈值(P=0.002)及ABR气骨导差(P<0.001)高于不伴胆脂瘤组。结论对先天性外中耳畸形患者而言,婴幼儿时期进行ABR检查不仅可以反映患者听力情况,也具有预测颞骨发育情况的意义。

AEEG结合脑干听觉诱发电位表现与昏迷患者预后的相关性分析

目的探讨动态脑电图(AEEG)结合脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)表现与昏迷患者预后的相关性。方法回顾性研究2023-01—2024-01周口市中医院神经内科收治的60例昏迷患者的临床资料,60例患者均行AEEG、BAEP检查,连续随访3个月,采用格拉斯哥预后量表(GOS)评估预后情况,分为预后良好组(GOS评分3~5分)32例,预后不良组(GOS评分1~2分)28例,分析AEEG、BAEP检查对患者预后的评估价值,采用Spearman相关性分析法探讨AEEG、BAEP与GOS评分的相关性。结果联合检查的准确性较AEEG、BAEP单独检查高,敏感性较BAEP单独检查高(P<0.05);联合检查的敏感性与AEEG单独检查比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),特异性与AEEG、BAEP单独检查比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Spearman相关性分析显示,AEEG、BAEP分级与3个月后的GOS评分均呈负相关(r=-0.720、-0.650,P<0.05)。结论AEEG联合BAEP检查对昏迷患者预后具有较高的预测效能,且AEEG、BAEP分级与昏迷患者的预后均呈负相关。

Mismatch negativity,social cognition,and functional outcomes in patients after traumatic brain injury

Mismatch negativity is generated automatically, and is an early monitoring indicator of neuronal integrity impairment and functional abnormality in patients with brain injury, leading to decline of cognitive function. Antipsychotic medication cannot affect mismatch negativity. The present study aimed to explore the relationships of mismatch negativity with neurocognition, daily life and social functional outcomes in patients after brain injury. Twelve patients with traumatic brain injury and 12 healthy controls were recruited in this study. We examined neurocogni-tion with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised China, and daily and social functional outcomes with the Activity of Daily Living Scale and Social Disability Screening Schedule, re-spectively. Mismatch negativity was analyzed from electroencephalogram recording. The results showed that mismatch negativity amplitudes decreased in patients with traumatic brain injury compared with healthy controls. Mismatch negativity amplitude was negatively correlated with measurements of neurocognition and positively correlated with functional outcomes in patients after traumatic brain injury. Further, the most signiifcant positive correlations were found be-tween mismatch negativity in the fronto-central region and measures of functional outcomes. The most signiifcant positive correlations were also found between mismatch negativity at the FCz electrode and daily living function. Mismatch negativity amplitudes were extremely positive-ly associated with Social Disability Screening Schedule scores at the Fz electrode in brain injury patients. These experimental ifndings suggest that mismatch negativity might efifciently relfect functional outcomes in patients after traumatic brain injury.

Automatically detecting auditory P300 in several trials

A method was demonstrated based on Infomax independent component analysis(Infomax ICA) for automatically extracting auditory P300 signals within several trials. A signaling equilibrium algorithm was proposed to enhance the effectiveness of the Infomax ICA decomposition. After the mixed signal was decomposed by Infomax ICA, the independent component(IC) used in auditory P300 reconstruction was automatically chosen by using the standard deviation of the fixed temporal pattern. And the result of auditory P300 was reconstructed using the selected ICs. The experimental results show that the auditory P300 can be detected automatically within five trials. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the standard signal and the signal detected using the proposed method is significantly greater than that between the standard signal and the signal detected using the average method within five trials. The wave pattern result obtained using the proposed algorithm is better and more similar to the standard signal than that obtained by the average method for the same number of trials. Therefore, the proposed method can automatically detect the effective auditory P300 within several trials.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ON AUDITORY IMPAIRMENT CAUSED BY KANAMYCIN IN GUINEA PIGS

Frequency following response(FFR)and auditory brain stem evoked potential response(ABR)were used to determine the auditory acuity in evaluating the effect of electro-acupuncture treatment of kanamycin-induced auditory impairment in guinea pigs.Thesuccinate dehydrogenase(SDH)activity and morphological changes of the inner earreceptors were examined under the light and scanning electron microscope in cochlearspread preparations.The results showed that 1)electro-acupuncture was effective but nosignificant differences were found among the stimulating wave forms;2)Tinggong(SI19),Yifeng(SJ 17),Shenshu(UB 23),Sanyinjiao(Sp 6),Zhubin(K 9)and Waiguan(SJ 5)are all effective acupoints,especially the combination of Tinggong(SI 19),Sanyinjiao(Sp6)and Zhubin(K 9)acupoints;3)improvement in the cochlear function and excitabilityof the cortical and lower auditory center and increase of the mitochondrial SDH activityand energy supply in hair cells might contribute to the mechanism of the treatment.

Auditory ERP Differences in the Perception of Anticipated Speech Sequences in 5 - 6 Years Old Children and Adults

The perception of complex auditory information such as complete speech sequences develops during human ontogeny. In order to explore age differences in the auditory perception of predictable speech sequences we compared event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded in 5- to 6-year-old children (N = 15) and adults (N = 15) in response to anticipated speech sequences as successive and reverse digital series with randomly omitted digits. The ERPs obtained from the omitted digits significantly differed in the amplitude and latency of the N200 and P300 components between adults and children, the N400 and LPC components were more pronounced in children in the right frontal area for the digits presentation. These findings indicate that the perception of a successive speech structure is less automated in children and requires a detailed analysis of the successive structure and error detection. These differences in auditory ERPs reflect developmental changes in the auditory perception of speech sequences and can serve as indicators of the maturity of cognitive functions in children.

婴儿分泌性中耳炎的听力学结果分析

目的 探讨226、1 000 Hz鼓室声导抗测试和气-骨导听性脑干反应(ABR)以及畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)在诊断低月龄婴儿分泌性中耳炎(OME)中的作用。方法 回顾性分析年龄为1~6个月的119例(192耳)中耳积液患儿(异常组)和66例(132耳)正常婴儿(正常组)的226、1 000 Hz鼓室声导抗测试和气-骨导ABR,以及DPOAE检测结果。结果 (1)OME婴儿,1 000 Hz鼓室声导抗异常图形(As型、B型、C型)有189耳(98.44%),226 Hz鼓室声导抗异常图形(As型、B型、C型)有135耳(70.31%);(2)OME婴儿ABR波Ⅰ潜伏期延长179耳(93.23%),ABR波Ⅴ反应阈中度异常69耳(35.94%)、轻度异常97耳(50.52%)、阈值正常26耳(13.54%),骨导ABR阈值正常164耳(85.42%),阈值轻度异常28耳(14.58%),气-骨导ABR阈值差值变大162耳(84.37%);(3)OME婴儿DPOAE未引出151耳(78.65%)。结论 1 000 Hz声导抗异常、气-骨导ABR阈值差变大、ABR波I潜伏期延长和气导ABR阈值异常对低月龄婴儿中耳积液的诊断有重要参考价值,226 Hz声导抗对部分低月龄婴儿中耳积液的诊断不能提供准确信息。

脑干听觉诱发电位在孤独症谱系障碍患儿早期诊断中的应用

目的 探讨脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)在孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿中的特征。方法 回顾性分析20例2~5岁诊断为ASD的患儿(ASD组)的BAEP检测结果,与20例同龄正常儿童(对照组)的BEAP结果相比较。结果 BAEP结果显示,ASD组患儿Ⅰ波、Ⅲ波潜伏时与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Ⅴ波潜伏时较对照组延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ASD组患儿Ⅰ~Ⅲ波间差与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Ⅲ~Ⅴ波间差及Ⅰ~Ⅴ波间差较对照组延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ASD患儿较正常儿童V波潜伏时延长,Ⅲ~Ⅴ波间差及Ⅰ~Ⅴ波间差延长,表明ASD患儿存在脑干传导通路异常,BAEP在ASD患儿的早期诊断中有一定意义,可能适合作为ASD患儿早期诊断的一项客观检查指标。

神经电生理监测在脑血管疾病手术中的应用

近年来,神经电生理技术已广泛应用于各类脑血管疾病手术监测中,其可从电生理角度反映神经传导通路的完整性,避免或减少术中神经功能的损伤,为指导疾病手术治疗提供新方法。作者对术中各种神经电生理监测模式的应用方法、预警标准、影响因素及其在不同脑血管疾病手术方案的决策,包括对假阴性和假阳性结果的判读及相应的避免措施等进行文献复习及分析,提示术中应用合理的电生理监测模式、规范的监测方法、配合合适的麻醉方案有助于提高监测的准确性和可靠性,表明在脑血管疾病手术中应用合适的神经电生理监测模式可以有效提高手术的安全性。

语言发育迟缓儿童听力评估模式的探讨

目的探讨自动听性脑干反应(AABR)与畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)联合检测模式在语言发育迟缓儿童听力评估中的应用价值。方法2022年1~10月在上海市儿童医院初诊为语言发育迟缓的470例儿童,随机分为诊断组与筛查组。诊断组235例患儿,应用听性脑干反应(ABR)行听力诊断评估。筛查组235例患儿,应用DPOAE+AABR先行听力筛查评估,后行ABR检测。将两组听力评估的结果及测试时间进行比较分析。结果筛查组235例(470耳)患儿中,听力筛查阳性率为7.45%(35/470)。确诊听力障碍16例(31耳),听力诊断阳性率为6.60%(31/470)。以ABR结果为标准,AABR联合DPOAE的灵敏度为100%(31/31),特异度为99.01%(435/439)。在诊断组235例(470耳)患儿中,听力诊断阳性率为5.53%(26/470)。将两组评估模式结果进行比较,组间筛查阳性率与诊断阳性率无显著差异性(χ^(2)=1.420,P=0.233)。将两组测试时间比较,诊断组ABR测试时间(39.02±3.52)min显著高于筛查组DPOAE和AABR(8.40±2.03)min(P<0.001)。结论AABR+DPOAE联合筛查模式能可靠的评估语言发育迟缓儿童的听觉能力,可高效筛选出需进入诊断程序的患儿,进一步优化语言发育迟缓患儿的听力评估流程,使患儿尽早明确病因,早期康复。

RELATIONS OF INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE, CREATINE KINASE AND BRAINSTEM AUDITORY EVOKED POTENTIAL IN PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN EDEMA

We studied the relations of intracranial pressure (ICP),creatine kinase (CK) and bralnstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in 44 patients with traumatic brain edema who were admitted to our hospital from June 1990 to February 1991. There were 30 males and 14 females, with age range from 9 to 67 years. The results showed that the abnormal BAEP could reflect the severity of cerebral edema in acute head injury and was related to ICP and serum CK levels. When ICP>30 mmHg (4kPa), the abnormality of BAEP was more obvious than that of the control group (P<0.05); the serum CK levels were also elevated markedly. In patients with ICP over and below 4kPa, the rate of abnormal BAEP was 38.46% and 77.78% respectively (P<0.05). The serum CK level in the normal group or in the group with moderate abnormality of BAEP was significantly different from that in the group with severe abnormality or lack of BAEP (274.8± 98.24 U/L vs 705.3± 364.27 U/L; P<0.001). After treatment, the ICP returned to normal, and the BAEP norm