Previous research has demonstrated that the amplitude of evoked emissions decreases in human sub-jects when the contralateral ear is stimulated by noise. The medial olivocochlear bundle (MOCB) is be-lieved to control ...Previous research has demonstrated that the amplitude of evoked emissions decreases in human sub-jects when the contralateral ear is stimulated by noise. The medial olivocochlear bundle (MOCB) is be-lieved to control this phenomenon. Recent research has examined this effect in individuals with auditory pro-cessing disorders (APD), specifically with difficulty understanding speech in noise. Results showed tran-sient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were not affected by contralateral stimulation in these sub-jects. Much clinical research has measured the function of the MOCB through TEOAEs.This study will use an alternative technique, distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), to examine this phenomenon and evaluate the function of the MOCB. DPOAEs of individuals in a control group with normal hearing and no significant auditory processing difficulties were compared to the DPOAEs of children with signifi-cant auditory processing difficulties.Results showed that the suppression effect was observed in the control group at 2 kHz with 3 kHz of narrowband noise. For the auditory processing disorders group, no significant suppression was observed.Overall, DPOAEs showed suppression with contralateral noise, while the APD group levels increased overall.These results provide further evidence that the MOCB may have reduced function in children with APD.展开更多
Background:Neuroplasticity is a phenomenon exhibited by our nervous system as an indicator of overall development and in response to training,injury/loss of particular function,treatment/drugs and as a result of stimu...Background:Neuroplasticity is a phenomenon exhibited by our nervous system as an indicator of overall development and in response to training,injury/loss of particular function,treatment/drugs and as a result of stimulation from the surrounding environment.Objective:The aim of the current study was to assess the auditory working memory capacities in Bharatanatyam dancers.Method:The participants comprised fifty-four females with normal hearing sensitivity who belonged to two groups.Group-I consisted of 27 individuals who underwent formal training in Bharatanatyam for a minimum period of three years.Group-II consisted of the age-matched control group,consisting of 27individuals who were non-dancers.The auditory working memory tasks included arranging the English digits presented binaurally in forward,backward,ascending,and descending spans.The maximum values(for the length of sequence arranged),midpoint values(average score),and response time for each task were noted down and compared among groups.Results:The scores were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test,which revealed enhanced working memory exhibited by dancers for maximum values and midpoint scores for all three tasks except ascending span.It was also noted that the dancers exhibited a shorter response time compared to nondancers for all the tasks except ascending span.Conclusion:The current study highlights an enhanced auditory working memory capacity in Bharatanatyam dancers,which could be perceived as evidence of neuroplastic changes induced in the auditory and motor cortex as a consequence of extensive stimulation for auditory processing abilities and motor planning resulting from long-term dance training and regular practice.展开更多
Background:Diurnal changes can be defined as the time of the day over an individual's performance level for different activities that involve physical and mental tasks.Objective:The current study aimed to evaluate...Background:Diurnal changes can be defined as the time of the day over an individual's performance level for different activities that involve physical and mental tasks.Objective:The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of diurnal changes in scores obtained for the Dichotic Consonant-Vowel paradigm by young adults with normal hearing sensitivity.Method:Based on the‘Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire’given by Horne&Ostberg,the subjects were divided into moderately-morning,intermediate and moderately-evening categories.The Dichotic Consonant-Vowel tests were performed during morning and evening,and the right ear,left ear and double correct scores were compared between morning and evening for each category.Results:There was significant diurnal changes noted for moderately morning and evening categories,where morning-type individuals performed better during morning and evening-type individuals performed better during the evening.The scores of intermediate individuals remained unchanged between morning and evening test results.Conclusion:Diurnal change is a phenomenon associated with an individual's biological clock mechanism.Hence,attention and inhibitory controls aid them in carrying out tasks that require sufficient physical and mental efforts.The current study suggests that clinicians and researchers consider diurnal changes as an extraneous variable that could affect the reliability of the Dichotic Consonant-Vowel test results.展开更多
The cocktail party problem,i.e.,tracing and recognizing the speech of a specific speaker when multiple speakers talk simultaneously,is one of the critical problems yet to be solved to enable the wide application of au...The cocktail party problem,i.e.,tracing and recognizing the speech of a specific speaker when multiple speakers talk simultaneously,is one of the critical problems yet to be solved to enable the wide application of automatic speech recognition(ASR) systems.In this overview paper,we review the techniques proposed in the last two decades in attacking this problem.We focus our discussions on the speech separation problem given its central role in the cocktail party environment,and describe the conventional single-channel techniques such as computational auditory scene analysis(CASA),non-negative matrix factorization(NMF) and generative models,the conventional multi-channel techniques such as beamforming and multi-channel blind source separation,and the newly developed deep learning-based techniques,such as deep clustering(DPCL),the deep attractor network(DANet),and permutation invariant training(PIT).We also present techniques developed to improve ASR accuracy and speaker identification in the cocktail party environment.We argue effectively exploiting information in the microphone array,the acoustic training set,and the language itself using a more powerful model.Better optimization ob jective and techniques will be the approach to solving the cocktail party problem.展开更多
文摘Previous research has demonstrated that the amplitude of evoked emissions decreases in human sub-jects when the contralateral ear is stimulated by noise. The medial olivocochlear bundle (MOCB) is be-lieved to control this phenomenon. Recent research has examined this effect in individuals with auditory pro-cessing disorders (APD), specifically with difficulty understanding speech in noise. Results showed tran-sient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were not affected by contralateral stimulation in these sub-jects. Much clinical research has measured the function of the MOCB through TEOAEs.This study will use an alternative technique, distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), to examine this phenomenon and evaluate the function of the MOCB. DPOAEs of individuals in a control group with normal hearing and no significant auditory processing difficulties were compared to the DPOAEs of children with signifi-cant auditory processing difficulties.Results showed that the suppression effect was observed in the control group at 2 kHz with 3 kHz of narrowband noise. For the auditory processing disorders group, no significant suppression was observed.Overall, DPOAEs showed suppression with contralateral noise, while the APD group levels increased overall.These results provide further evidence that the MOCB may have reduced function in children with APD.
文摘Background:Neuroplasticity is a phenomenon exhibited by our nervous system as an indicator of overall development and in response to training,injury/loss of particular function,treatment/drugs and as a result of stimulation from the surrounding environment.Objective:The aim of the current study was to assess the auditory working memory capacities in Bharatanatyam dancers.Method:The participants comprised fifty-four females with normal hearing sensitivity who belonged to two groups.Group-I consisted of 27 individuals who underwent formal training in Bharatanatyam for a minimum period of three years.Group-II consisted of the age-matched control group,consisting of 27individuals who were non-dancers.The auditory working memory tasks included arranging the English digits presented binaurally in forward,backward,ascending,and descending spans.The maximum values(for the length of sequence arranged),midpoint values(average score),and response time for each task were noted down and compared among groups.Results:The scores were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test,which revealed enhanced working memory exhibited by dancers for maximum values and midpoint scores for all three tasks except ascending span.It was also noted that the dancers exhibited a shorter response time compared to nondancers for all the tasks except ascending span.Conclusion:The current study highlights an enhanced auditory working memory capacity in Bharatanatyam dancers,which could be perceived as evidence of neuroplastic changes induced in the auditory and motor cortex as a consequence of extensive stimulation for auditory processing abilities and motor planning resulting from long-term dance training and regular practice.
文摘Background:Diurnal changes can be defined as the time of the day over an individual's performance level for different activities that involve physical and mental tasks.Objective:The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of diurnal changes in scores obtained for the Dichotic Consonant-Vowel paradigm by young adults with normal hearing sensitivity.Method:Based on the‘Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire’given by Horne&Ostberg,the subjects were divided into moderately-morning,intermediate and moderately-evening categories.The Dichotic Consonant-Vowel tests were performed during morning and evening,and the right ear,left ear and double correct scores were compared between morning and evening for each category.Results:There was significant diurnal changes noted for moderately morning and evening categories,where morning-type individuals performed better during morning and evening-type individuals performed better during the evening.The scores of intermediate individuals remained unchanged between morning and evening test results.Conclusion:Diurnal change is a phenomenon associated with an individual's biological clock mechanism.Hence,attention and inhibitory controls aid them in carrying out tasks that require sufficient physical and mental efforts.The current study suggests that clinicians and researchers consider diurnal changes as an extraneous variable that could affect the reliability of the Dichotic Consonant-Vowel test results.
基金supported by the Tencent and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Project
文摘The cocktail party problem,i.e.,tracing and recognizing the speech of a specific speaker when multiple speakers talk simultaneously,is one of the critical problems yet to be solved to enable the wide application of automatic speech recognition(ASR) systems.In this overview paper,we review the techniques proposed in the last two decades in attacking this problem.We focus our discussions on the speech separation problem given its central role in the cocktail party environment,and describe the conventional single-channel techniques such as computational auditory scene analysis(CASA),non-negative matrix factorization(NMF) and generative models,the conventional multi-channel techniques such as beamforming and multi-channel blind source separation,and the newly developed deep learning-based techniques,such as deep clustering(DPCL),the deep attractor network(DANet),and permutation invariant training(PIT).We also present techniques developed to improve ASR accuracy and speaker identification in the cocktail party environment.We argue effectively exploiting information in the microphone array,the acoustic training set,and the language itself using a more powerful model.Better optimization ob jective and techniques will be the approach to solving the cocktail party problem.
