两种池塘养殖模式下异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)的形质特征差异分析

探究引起银鲫在不同养殖模式下的形质差异原因及形质饰变途径和机制,进而揭示养殖模式致其改变生存对策的内在逻辑,对于指导银鲫养殖模式的改进与优化具重要现实意义。随机选取池塘生态主养模式(M_(1))和池塘生态套养模式(M_(2))下经7个月养殖的异育银鲫夏花苗种各70尾为研究对象,采用主成分分析和判别分析方法,系统开展了两种池养模式下异育银鲫形质差异研究,结果表明:(1)池养期间两实验群体的生长速度总体上呈M_(2)>M_(1),在21项生物学表型性状中,M_(2)实验群体显著大于M_(1)实验群体的为L1(体长)、L4(头宽)、L11(肛后体长)和NM (净体质量)(P<0.05);(2)所涉20项形质评价性状中, M_(1)、M_(2)实验群体间具显著差异(P<0.05)的高达16项,聚类分析也指示两者间的欧式距离已达到显著水平(P<0.05),即M_(1)、M_(2)实验群体已在形质特征上出现显著分化;(3)经主成分分析,提取到的5个特征值均大于1的主成分,其累积贡献率达80.844%,其中PC1可归纳为表征机体消化代谢水平的公共因子, PC_(2)可归纳为表征脏器可容纳空间几何比例的公共因子, PC_(3)、PC_(4)和PC5可统归为表征食物获取方式的公共因子;(4)采用逐步判别法,以判别贡献率较大的眼间距/侧线长、净重系数、肝系数、胃系数、肠系数、鳃系数和Fulton指数为自变量,所建Fisher分类函数方程组可较清晰区分M_(1)和M_(2)实验个体,其中M_(1)实验群体的判别准确率P1、P2分别为98.6%和94.5%, M_(2)实验群体则分别为94.3%和98.5%,两实验群体的综合判别准确率为96.4%。所得结果可为异育银鲫池塘生态主养模式和生态套养模式的改良与优化提供科学依据。

异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)源醋酸钙不动杆菌表型及分子鉴定

采用常规的培养特征、理化特性及分子生物学的方法,对从濒死异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)血液中分离到的菌株SY-1进行了致病性、表型生物学、分子生物学及药敏试验的系统研究。结果表明,该菌株在盐度5—30、pH6—8,温度10—42℃的LB液体培养基中均能生长,具有脲酶。该菌株16SrRNA基因序列(Gen Bank登录存取号:JX164201,长度1435bp)与其它不动杆菌属菌的16SrRNA基因同源性相似性在99%—100%之间,构建系统发育树确定该菌株为醋酸钙不动杆菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)。人工回感可导致异育银鲫死亡。药敏试验结果显示:对恩诺沙星、强力霉素、萘啶酸、复方新诺明、氧氟沙星等10种抗生素敏感;对羧苄青霉素、诺氟沙星、大观霉素、卡那霉素、四环素等14种抗生素中度敏感;对氨苄西林、苯唑西林、林可霉素、万古霉素、氟苯尼考等15种抗生素耐药。

城市土-水界面污染流条件下加乐麝香和镉对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)的联合毒性

为了能更好地反映实际水体中污染物对生物的毒性效应,在实验室模拟城市土-水界面污染流和清水2种试验条件,分别研究加乐麝香(galaxolide,HHCB)和重金属镉(cadmium,Cd)对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)的单一和联合毒性效应.采用半静水法,并用Marking水生毒理联合毒性效应相加指数法对联合毒性效应进行评价.结果表明,HHCB和Cd在实验室模拟城市土-水界面试验条件下,24、48、72、96h对鲫鱼的半致死浓度(median lethal concentration,LC50)分别为4.81、3.30、2.90、2.55mg·L-1和43.51、39.71、39.01、38.83mg·L-1;而在清水试验条件下HHCB和Cd对鲫鱼的LC50值分别为1.70、1.14、0.81、0.66mg·L-1和33.15、30.06、27.12、25.18mg·L-1.可见,HHCB对鲫鱼的毒性效应在2种试验条件下都远远大于Cd的毒性效应.采用毒性1∶1试验,研究HHCB和Cd在2种试验条件下对鲫鱼的联合毒性效应,在实验室模拟城市土-水界面试验条件下,当暴露时间为24、48h时,相加指数(additive index,AI)<0,联合毒性效应表现为拮抗效应;而暴露时间为72、96h时,AI>0,联合毒性效应则转为协同效应;在清水试验条件下,当暴露时间为24h时,AI<0,联合毒性效应表现为拮抗效应;暴露时间为48、72、96h时,AI>0,联合毒性效应为协同效应,且随着暴露时间的延长这种协同效应逐渐增强.可见,土-水界面不仅可以改变HHCB和Cd对鲫鱼的单一毒性效应,也可以改变二者的联合毒性效应方式.

异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)脊髓组织细胞系的建立及对CyHV-2的敏感性

鲫造血器官坏死病是近些年来危害养殖鲫鱼最为严重的传染性疾病,其病原为鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cyprinid herpesvirus 2, CyHV-2)。本研究以异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)脊髓组织为材料,进行组织细胞体外培养,构建对鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型敏感的异育银鲫脊髓细胞系(Spinalcordtissuecell lines of Carassius auratus gibelio, CSC)。采用组织块移植法,进行异育银鲫脊髓细胞的原代培养,并进行传代,已传代至第128代次,获得稳定传代的细胞系后,采用低渗法进行细胞染色体核型分析,并进行鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型的敏感性测试与传代。结果表明,以含10%胎牛血清的L-15培养基,在24℃恒温条件下,可稳定传代培养异育银鲫脊髓细胞,传代细胞呈成纤维样或纺锤状;核型分析显示,染色体数为156±2条,该细胞为三倍体细胞。通过对CyHV-2敏感性的测试,CSC细胞感染CyHV-2后产生典型的细胞病变,感染第7天的病变细胞液的TCID50达到109.33/mL,CyHV-2病毒可在CSC细胞上稳定传代;通过对病变细胞的电镜观察,可见大量直径为128-134nm大小的疱疹样病毒颗粒。以上研究结果表明,本研究构建的异育银鲫脊髓细胞系对CyHV-2敏感,并在细胞上能进行稳定传代,传代病毒具有较高病毒滴度,这为鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型的深入研究及疫苗开发奠定了重要的基础。

两种池养模式下异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)生物学表型对体质量影响效果的差异分析

水产养殖动物的增重机制既是其生存对策的重要组成部分,也是影响其生长性能和养殖产量的重要内因。异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)是我国的重要养殖鱼类,随机选取池塘生态主养模式(M_(1))和池塘生态套养模式(M_(2))下经7个月养殖的异育银鲫夏花苗种各70尾为研究对象,以全长(X_(1))、体高(X_(2))、体宽(X_(3))、头长(X_(4))、侧线长(X_(5))、尾柄高(X_(6))、腹鳍间距(X_(7))、胸鳍间距(X_(8))为体尺性状,净体质量(NW)、肠质量(W_(1))、肝质量(W_(2))、胃质量(W_(3))、鳃质量(W_(4))、心质量(W_(5))和鳔质量(W_(6))为称量性状,采用多元分析方法分别研究了M_(1)、M_(2)实验群体尺寸性状和称量性状对其体质量(BW)的影响效应。结果表明:(1)生物学测定结果显示,CV值大于10%的均为质量性状,小于10%的均为体尺性状,除NW、X_(1)、X_(5)和X_(6)均呈M_(1)<M_(2)(P<0.05),X_(4)和各脏器质量均呈M_(1)>M_(2)(P<0.05)外,其余性状间均无显著差异(P>0.05);(2)相关分析显示,除W_(5)与BW间相关系数均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)外,其余性状与BW间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);(3)经通径分析和复相关分析,M_(1)、M_(2)被保留体尺性状组合X_(5)-X_(1)-X_(2)和X_(2)-X_(3)-X_(1)-X_(5)的总决定系数和复相关指数均分别为0.889和0.927,称量性状组合NW-W_(2)-W_(1)-W_(3)和NW-W_(2)的总决定系数和复相关指数均分别为0.992和0.971;(4)经偏回归分析,得到了可用于估算BW的M_(1)最优方程组和M_(2)最优方程组。研究结果可为我国异育银鲫科学养殖提供有效参考。

Immunotoxicity of bisphenol A to Carassius auratus lymphocytes and macrophages following in vitro exposure

Bisphenol A （BPA） is the monomer component of polycarbonate plastics and classified as an endocrine disrupting chemical （EDC）. The reproductive toxicity of BPA has been extensively studied in mammals; however, relatively little information is available on the immunotoxic responses of fish to BPA. In this study, we investigated the effects of BPA on the immune functions of lymphocytes and macrophages in Carassius auratus. The effects of BPA were compared with those of two natural steroid hormones, estradiol and hydrocortisone. Proliferation of the two types of cells in response to PHA was measured using colorimetric MTT assay. Macrophage respiratory burst stimulated by Con A was measured using chemiluminescence assay. Results showed that BPA （0.054-5.4 mg/L）, estradiol （0.0002-2.0 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （5-50 mg/L） significantly induced Carassius auratus lymphocyte proliferation while higher doses of hydrocortisone （500-5000 mg/L） appeared to be inhibitory. BPA （0.005-50 mg/L）, estradiol （0.005-800 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （0.005-500 mg/L） markedly enhanced macrophage proliferation, whereas higher doses of BPA （500-1000 mg/L） appeared to inhibit cell proliferation. Furthermore, higher dosage of BPA （50 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （50 and 500 mg/L） suppressed the macrophages respiratory burst while estradiol is stimulative all the doses tested （0.05-500 mg/L）. In conclusion, BPA could have immunotoxicity to Carassius auratus and functional changes of lymphocyte and macrophage in Carassius auratus may be different between low and high dosages.

Toxic effects of crude-oil-contaminated soil in aquatic environment on Carassius auratus and their hepatic antioxidant defense system

Under the indoor simulant conditions, toxic effects of crude-oil-contaminated soil which was put into aquatic environment on the young fishes Carassius auratus and their hepatic antioxidant system after a 20-d exposure were investigated. Results showed that the relationship between the mortality of C. auratus and the exposed doses could be divided into 3 phases： fishes exposed to the low dose groups （0.5-5.0 g/L） were dead due to the ingestion of crude-oil-contaminated soils in aquatic environment; at the medium dose groups （5.0-25.0 g/L） fishes were dead due to the penetration of toxic substances; at the high dose groups （25.0-50.0 g/L） fishes were dead due to environmental stress. The highest mortality and death speed were found in the 1.0 g/L dose group, and the death speed was sharply increased in the 50.0 g/L dose group in the late phase of exposure. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione S-transferase （GST） and the content of malaondialdehyde （MDA） in the hepatic tissues of C. auratus were induced significantly. The activity of SOD was increased and then decreased. It was significantly inhibited in the 50.0 g/L dose group. The activity of CAT was highly induced, and restored to a level which is little more than the control when the exposed doses exceeded 10.0 g/L. The activity of GST was the most sensitive, it was significantly induced in all dose groups, and the highest elevation was up to 6 times in the 0.5 g/L dose group comparing with the control. The MDA content was significantly elevated in the 50.0 g/L dose group, and the changes of the MDA content were opposite with the changes of GST activity.

Effects of Selected Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Multiple Biomarkers in Carassius auratus

Objective To study the biological effects of nanoscale copper oxide （nCuO）, zinc oxide （nZnO）, cerium dioxide （nCeO2） and their mixtures on Carassius auratus. Methods Juvenile fish （Carossius auratus） were exposed to aqueous suspensions of nCuO, nZnO, and nCeO2 （alone and in mixtures） at concentrations of 20, 40, 80, 3.60, and 320 mg/L. The biomarkers-acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） in brain, sodium/potassium-activated ATPase （Na~/K＊-ATPase） in gill, and superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） in liver-were determined after 4 days of exposure. Integrated biomarker response （IBR） was calculated by combining multiple biomarkers into a single value. Results AChE and SOD activities were significantly inhibited by all test metal oxide nanoparticles （NPs） at high concentrations （__.160 rag/L） with the exception of nCeO2. Na~/K＋-ATPase induction exhibited bell-shaped concentration-response curves. CAT activity was significantly inhibited at concentrations equal to or higher than 160 mg/L. The order of IBR values was nCeO2 = nZnO/nCeO2= nCuO/nCeO2 〈 nCuO/nZnO/nCeO2 〈 nZnO 〈 nCuO 〈 nCuO/nZnO. The joint effect seemed to be synergistic for nCuO/nZnO mixtures, additive for the ternary mixture and less than additive or antagonistic for the binary mixtures containing nCe02. Conclusion Concentration-dependent changes of enzymatic activities （ACHE, Na~/K＊-ATPase, SOD, and CAT） were observed in fish exposed to nanoscale metal oxides. IBR analysis allowed good discrimination between the different exposures and might be a useful tool for the quantification of integrated negative effects induced by NPs toward fish.

Biochemical responses of freshwater fish Carassius auratus to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides

The freshwater fish Carassius auratus was chosen as an experimental subject, and their hepatic biochemical responses to the medium-term exposure of Benzo（k）fluoranthene （BkF） alone and in combination with PCB 118 and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane （DDT） were investigated by measuring the reduced glutathione （GSH）, glutathione S-transferase （GST）, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS）, to assess sublethal effects. The hepatic GSH content was significantly inhibited by organic pollutants, alone and in mixtures, while the TBARS content was significantly induced after three days of exposure. Bell-shaped concentration-response charts of GST activities were obtained. Significant dose-response relationships were found for hepatic GSH and TBARS contents of all concentrations and for the GST activity, except at the highest concentration. The GSH content, GST activity, and TBARS content in Carassius auratus were confirmed as useful biomarkers of exposure to organic pollutions.

Induction Effect of Cadmium on Peripheral Erythrocyte Micronuclei in Carassius auratus and Oriental weatherfish

[Objective] The study aimed to the effects of various Cd2＋ concentrations and exposure time on erythrocyte micronuclei in peripheral erythrocyte micronuclei in Carassius auratus and Oriental weatherfish. [ Method ] Using static water culture, Carassius auratus and Oriental weatherfish were exposed to solutions containing Cd2＋ with mass concentrations of 0.08, 1.72 and 6.84 mg/L, and blood was collected from tail veins to make smears which were observed under a oil lens afterwards. [ Result] In the initial exposure period, Carassius auratus and Onental weatherfish were unwell obviously, being afraid and unpeaceful and escaping everywhere. With the increase in Cd2＋ concentration, this phenomenon became more distinct. In addition, as the prolonging of exposure time, fishes moved slowly, powerlessly and less and reacted slowly, and moe and more excrement deposited at the bottom of aquariums. [ Conclusion] Cd2 ＋ could obviously induce Carassius auratus and Oriental weatherfish to generate micronuclei, showing certain dose-effect and time-effect relation under certain conditions.

Microsatellite-Based Genetic Structure and Differentiation of Goldfish (Carassius auratus) with Sarcoma

Ten microsatellite loci were used for analyzing six populations of goldfish (Carassius auratus) with sarcoma. It showed that there was the highest genetic diversity among the white oranda with red cap (RC) population, and the lowest among the white tigerhead (WT) population. However, the outcross existed among every population. There was huge genetic differentiation between WT and the other four populations. The average observed heterozygosity (HO) among populations ranged from 0.3571 to 0.7381. And significant genetic difference (FCT = 0.1891, P = 0.0186) appeared among goldfish varieties which can be classified into three groups (RT, WT;RL, BL, YC;RC). The software Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) and STRUCTURE showed that significant genetic differences were revealed between RC population of goldfish and other five populations.

Effect of Atrazine on Antioxidant Enzyme and Its Bioaccumulation in Kidney of Crucian Carp,Carassius auratus

Etrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in China and the world. Acute and chronic toxicity tests werc carried out to assess the possible toxicity effect of atrazine on crucian carp （Carassius auratus）. Results showed that 96 h LC,. of atrazine to Carassius auratus was 105.94 mg. L-1. The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione-S-transferases （GST） in kidney of Carassius auratus were all influenced by atraizine, and CAT was more sensitive to atrazine compared with SOD and GST. Atrazine residues in kidney of Carassius aura/us reached the stable state at day 19, and the bioaccumulation factors （BAF） of atrazine in kidney of Carassius auratus treated with 1.0 mg. L-1 and 10.0 mg. L-1 atrazine were 8.3 and 4.4, respectively. The research demonstrated that atrazine could cause oxidative stress to fish kidney, but atrazine was not easy to accumulate in Carassius auratus kidney, and the antioxidant enzymes could be used as biomarker to the early detection of pollution.

Growth and Development of Larvae and Juveniles of Carassius auratus gibelio

The growth and development of larvae and juveniles was morphologically investigated in Carassius auratus gibelio. The results showed that it took 52 h from fertilization to hatching at 22 - 25℃. The newly hatched larvae had transparent body, with the head fight near the yolk sac; the yolk sac accounted for 2/3 of larval volume, which was exhausted in the four-day-old larvae that started the exogenous nutrient period. The larvae were found to develop into juveniles from a few scales on the 20^th day after hatching to whole scales, fingerling, on the 28^th day after hatching. The relationship between total length（TL） and age in days（D） was described as ： TL = 0.001 2D3 - 0. 038 8/32 ＋ 1.043 2D ＋ 3. 945 8 （ r^2 = 0.998 ）. The relationship between body length （L） and body weight （W） of larvae and juveniles was expressed as： m = 1E -05L^3.3769（ r^2 = 0.982 7）. The formula between body length and body height during the development of the fish was described as ： H = 0.0（30 1L3 -0. 028 4L2 ＋ 1. 281 6L -7. 250 5 （ r^2 = 0. 988 6）. The findings provided the theoretical instruction for practical production of C. auratus gibelio.

Effects of Potassium Permanganate on Respiratory Movement in Carassius auratus under Different Conditions

[ Objective] To observe the effects of potassium permanganate on respiratory rate and cough frequency of Carassius auratus in different conditions. [Method] According to the simple factor design of experiment, the respiratory rate and cough frequency of Carassius auratus were recorded. The factors included concentration of potassium permanganate, temperature, duration time and pH values. [ Result] The respiratory rate and cough frequency of Carassius auratus were increased and then decreased with the increasing concentrations of potassium permanganate, rising temperature, and duration of medicated bath. The Carassius auratus had the best respiratory function at pH 7.0. The strong acid and strong alkali caused lesions and inhibited the respiratory function of Carassius auratus. [ Conclusion ] The potassium permanganate at different concentrations may have an impact on the cough frequency and respiratory rate of Carassius auratus.

POPs in <i>Sparus auratus</i>Species from the Eastern and Western Egyptian Mediterranean Coast: A Health Hazard Study

The residual concentrations of HCHs, TC, DDTs, THCs and PCBs were measured in Sparus auratus collected from the eastern and western sectors of the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea, as the most common fish species in the area. Gas chromatograph equipped with 63Ni-electron capture detector and 35% phenyl polysilphenylenesiloxane capillary column was used for the analysis and quantification after well-established extraction techniques. The concentrations (wet weight) of PCBs, DDTs, TCs, HCHs were: (1.87 - 616.66 ng·g-1), (0.42 - 98.28 ng·g-1), (0.06 - 2.94 ng·g-1), (0.35 - 11.77 ng·g-1), respectively in Sparus auratus collected from the eastern sector. However, these concentrations as wet weight in Sparus auratus from the western sector were: (5.75 - 605.53 ng·g-1), (1.53 - 226.47 ng·g-1), (0.09 - 8.12 ng·g-1), (0.26 - 5.80 ng·g-1), respectively. In general, concentrations of pesticides and PCBs in Sparus auratus either from the western or eastern Egyptian Mediterranean coast were far below the international permissible levels.

In vivo Pharm acodynam ic Effect of Thiam phenicol in Serum of Carassius auratus on Aerom onas hydrophila

This study was to investigate the in vitro pharmacodynamic effect of thiamphenicol( TAP) in serum of Carassius auratus on Aeromonas hydrophila. By combining the in vivo pharmacokinetics and in vitro pharmacodynamics,the pharmacodynamic effect of TAP on Aeromonas hydrophila was studied,and the data were processed and analyzed by software Excel 2007,Kinetica3P97 and Kinetica4. 4. The results showed that oral administration of singly 30 mg /kg TAP assumed a rapid assimilation-quickly peaking-slowly dispelling trend in Carassius auratus. The related parameters were measured as follows: time of peaked plasma concentration of TAP( Tpeak) of 1.5 h,peak concentration( Cmax) of 37.172 μg/mL and absorption rate( ka) of 1.523 h,half-life period T1/2( ka) of 0.455 h,lag time( TL)of 0. 02 h,elimination half life T1/2( ke) of 16.712 h. The half maximal effective concentration( EC50) was 14.28 h. The PK-PD parameters were 32.41 h in AUC0- 24/ MICserumand 23. 23 in Cmax/MICserum. Employing an inhibitory Sigmoid Emax model,the administration dosage of TAP for preventing Aeromonas hydrophila-caused bacterial septicemia was 8. 61- 46. 20 mg /kg in clinical application. Based on these,we proposed the optimal administration route for preventing and controlling the Aeromonas hydrophila-caused bacterial septicemia: delivering TAP at the ratio of 46. 20 mg /kg on diseased Carassius auratus by mixing with baits or oral administration,followed by delivering with baits at ratio of 8. 61 mg /kg for preventing the Aeromonas hydrophila-caused bacterial septicemia. The results provided references for applying thiamphenicol for preventing and controlling the bacterial septicemia in aquatic livestock.

Changes in Bacterial Populations in Aquatic Environment of Carassius auratus gibelio during an Outbreak of Diseases

During an outbreak of diseases caused by co-infection with both parasites and bacteria in silver crucian carp （ Carassius auratus gibelio）, aerobic anoxy- genic phototrophic （AAP） bacteria in the aquatic environment were identified by PCR using the universal primers of bacterial 16S rDNA. The bacterial populations in the ponds infected and non-infected by the diseases were measured with acridine orange direct count （AODC） method, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that nine dominant cuhurable bacterial species： Shewanella putrefaciens, Acinetobacter sp. , Aeromonas sp. , Proteus vulgaris, Xan- thomonas sp. , Citrobacterfieundii, Morganella morganii, Vagococcus lutrae and Providencia sp. were identified, some of which were common pathogens. The bac- terial population in infected ponds was 7. 462 x 10^6 ind./ml in July, and 1. 007 4 x 10^7 ind./ml in August, and that in non-infected ponds was 1. 460 x 10x6ind./ml in July, and 1. 911 x10^6 ind./ml in August, with significant differences between the infected and non-infected ponds. The results suggested that the outbreak of diseases in silver crucian carp was to some extent related to the bacterial population in water environment.

Time-Effect Relationship of Toxicity Induced by Roundup and Its Main Constituents in Liver of Carassius Auratus

In order to evaluate the eco-toxicological effects of Roundup&reg on Carassius auratus (C. auratus), fish were exposed to 32 μg/L Roundup&reg, isopropylamine salt of glyphosate (G.I.S) and polyoxyethylene amine (POEA) over different periods (0.5, 1, 3, 7 and 14 d). Hydroxyl radical (·OH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in liver were detected in this study. Results showed that the generation of ·OH increased before 7 d, but without significantly difference. ·OH was induced at 1 d for POEA group, 3 d for Roundup&reg group and 7 d for G.I.S group. At 14 d, ·OH generation returned to normal levels. MDA contents all increased significantly (p < 0.01) during 7 days and then reached a normal level at 14 d. AChE activity in all group tests revealed a significant inhibition (p < 0.01) after 7 days exposure and then rebounded a little, but remained below the control after 14 days exposure. The rate of AChE inhibition range from 13% - 42% in Roundup&reg, 6% - 40% in G.I.S, and 21% - 54% in POEA, suggesting that POEA was more toxic compared to Roundup&reg and G.I.S. 32 μg/L Roundup&reg exposure led to the change of physiological and biochemical indexes in C. auratus, which was a reversible process in the long run.

鲤疱疹Ⅱ型病毒(CyHV-2)感染对异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)组织器官的损伤作用

为分析感染Cy HV-2异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)体内不同器官组织结构和功能的损伤,采集健康和患病异育银鲫头肾、脾脏、体肾、肠道、肝胰脏、鳃各组织样本,通过石蜡切片,HE染色对各器官组织进行组织病理学观察并对肠道和鳃进行扫描电镜观察。病鱼主要表现为,食欲减弱、离群独游、全身发黑、背鳍、尾鳍末端发白、眼球突出、肌肉充血,鳃呈鲜红色。在鳃丝末端由红色斑块,经解剖有红色腹水流出,组织器官广泛性损伤。组织病理学变化为,头肾和脾脏细胞溶解、免疫细胞侵润、免疫和造血系统严重破坏;体肾中肾小球萎缩、肾小管上皮细胞脱落、肾间质出现空泡、免疫细胞侵润;肠道绒毛增生、绒毛和微绒毛长度显著减少、粘膜下层显著增厚;肝胰脏中肝细胞出现溶解、中央静脉受损;鳃中毛细血管破坏、血管破裂或扩大、红细胞溢出、鳃小片基部细胞显著减少。结果表明,病毒对异育银鲫具有明显的致病性,可导致各器官组织发生病变,同时机体处于缺血、缺氧、营养不足、废物积累的内环境,这进一步加剧对异育银鲫主要的器官组织的损伤。

开口饵料与蓝花长尾鲫生长及存活率的相关性

利用干法授精对蓝花长尾鲫(Carassius auratus)进行人工繁殖试验,待蓝花长尾鲫仔鱼孵化后,投喂丰年虾、水蚯蚓和人工配合饲料3种开口饵料。结果表明,蓝花长尾鲫的受精率和孵化率分别为89.85%和80.48%;丰年虾组的初次开口率和成活率分别为98.89%和98.91%,水蚯蚓组的初次开口率和成活率分别为94.44%和97.33%,人工配合饲料组的初次开口率和成活率分别为74.44%和98.24%;水蚯蚓组和丰年虾组的初次开口率显著高于人工配合饲料组(P<0.05),水蚯蚓组与丰年虾组的初次开口率无显著差异(P>0.05);水蚯蚓组、丰年虾组和人工配合饲料组3组的肥满度存在显著差异(P<0.05),但3组的成活率差异不显著(P>0.05)。建议蓝花长尾鲫仔鱼培育前期投喂适口的丰年虾,中后期在丰年虾基础上搭配使用人工配合饲料来降低养殖成本。