Comparison between Glass and Stainless-Steel Vessels in Differential Scanning Calorimetry Estimation

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) provides easy screening for thermal hazard evaluation. Here, we investigate the difference between using glass and stainless-steel vessels on the DSC measurement of exothermic decomposition energy (QDSC) for 41 chemical substances (containing nitro, halogen, peroxide, and sulfur groups, and hydrazine bonds). Two borosilicate glass vessels (capillary and ampule) and one stainless-steel vessel were used. All QDSC values obtained were investigated with reference to the permissible fluctuation range specified by the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) international Both glass vessels produced very similar QDSC values, despite different sample scales. The QDSC values obtained with the glass vessels were generally roughly within the variation tolerance range of the stainless-steel vessel. Notable exceptions were halogen- or sulfur-containing compounds;these exhibited smaller QDSC values with glass vessels in almost all cases. We will investigate whether certain structures in compounds react with stainless steel. The vessel material choice is crucial in evaluating the true reactivity of a substance.

Stainless-Steel Thin Film as Passive Radiative Cooling Materials

Spectrally selective glazing system attracts great attention for energy efficient radiator applications. The present work reports the possibility of a specific shield (Stainless steel/Borosilicate glass) to provide passive cooling for the purpose of reducing the use of classical active method. Radiative cooling devices require a convective shield that blocks all incoming solar radiation, but should selectively reemit radiation in the “atmospheric-window” region. In this study, borosilicate glass substrate coated with a stainless steel thin film was prepared by thermal evaporation and low pressure (6.3 × 10-3 bar) DC plasma sputtering, in order to achieve the radiative cooling effect. The optical properties of the optimal thickness thin film were measured in the wavelength range of 0.3-20 μm by an OL-750 double-beam spectroradiometer. The thin film has high visible band reflectance with high infrared band emissivity across the full 8-13 μm;which indicates that stainless steel thin film can be used as good radiative cooling material.

Local Buckling-Induced Forming Method to Produce Metal Bellows

A novel buckling-induced forming method is proposed to produce metal bellows.The tube billet is firstly treated by local heating and cooling,and the axial loading is applied on both ends of the tube,then the buckling occurs at the designated position and forms a convolution.In this paper,a forming apparatus is designed and developed to produce both discontinuous and continuous bellows of 304 stainless steel,and their characteristics are discussed respectively.Furthermore,the influences of process parameters and geometric parameters on the final convolution profile are deeply studied based on FEM analysis.The results suggest that the steel bellows fabricated by the presented buckling-induced forming method have a uniform shape and no obvious reduction of wall thickness.Meanwhile,the forming force required in the process is quite small.

The research on the high strength and anti-arc ablation coatings applied in steel conductive rail

In order to enhance the ablation-resistant performance of stainless-steel conductive rails,Mo coating,410 stainless steel coating and 15 wt%Cr_(2)AlIC particles reinforced 410 stainless steel composite coating were prepared and evaluated.Different from the weak interfacial strength caused by the dissimilar metals between Mo and steel rails,410 stainless steel coating has better interfacial contact with steel rails.The introduction of Cr_(2)AlC into 410 stainless steels further strengthened the mechanical properties of coating by alloy strengthening effect and particle strengthening effect,as the decomposition of Cr_(2)AlC into nano CrC particles is accompanied with the diffusion of Al atoms into 410 stainless steels.It was found that the composite coating can still resist arc erosion at 150 A current,as a dense oxide film formed during the ablation process and the decomposition of Cr_(2)AlC contributed to the heat absorption.

涂层硬质合金刀具切削奥氏体不锈钢切削力的试验研究

通过四种涂层硬质合金刀具切削奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti的试验,研究了切削用量对切削力的影响,并对四种刀具的切削力进行了对比分析。试验结果表明:在采用小进给量、小背吃刀量切削时,出现了背向力大于主切削力的现象;随着切削速度的增加,YBC251、GC2025刀具的切削力先减小后增大;同型号的PVD涂层硬质合金刀具与CVD涂层硬质合金刀具相比较,前者的切削力显著小于后者。

奥氏体化温度对ADI力学性能的影响

研究了奥氏体化温度对ADI力学性能的影响。结果表明:在850～930℃,随奥氏体化温度的升高,抗拉强度和冲击韧度逐渐增大,超过900℃后,有降低的趋势;硬度随奥氏体化温度的升高逐渐增大,超过900℃后,略微下降;伸长率随奥氏体化温度的升高逐渐增大,超过870℃后,又出现逐渐降低的趋势。

620～650℃锅炉过热器/再热器用新型奥氏体耐热钢SP2215的研发

介绍TP347H、Super304H、HR3C超超临界电站锅炉材料的时效析出强化机理,并在此基础上研发出620~650℃锅炉过热器/再热器用新型奥氏体耐热钢SP2215。分析认为:以22Cr-15Ni为基的Fe-Cr-Ni新型奥氏体耐热钢SP2215,通过加入一定量的Cu、Nb、N,在基体中形成多相复合强化,并在晶界形成M_(23)C_6碳化物强化。SP2215具有高的持久强度(650℃,10~5 h∧130 MPa;700℃,10~5 h∧80 MPa)和良好的抗腐蚀/氧化性能。

免固剂在精铸奥氏体不锈钢中的应用

开发了一种精铸奥氏体不锈钢免固溶处理（WEV）新工艺，使奥氏体不锈钢铸件无需固溶化处理，便可获得与固溶化处理相当的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。

ANALYSIS ON THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF 46 CASES OF PERIARTHRITIS OF SHOULDER TREATED BY NEEDLING JIANSANZHEN WITH MAGNETIC POLE NEEDLE AND MASSAGE

In the present paper,46 cases of periarthritis of shoulder were treated by needlingthe Jiansanzhen with magnetic pole needle and massage. Among them,43 cases were cured, ac-counting for 93. 48% and 46 were effective. The total effective rate was 100%. In control groupI there were 23 cases, who received treatment of acupuncture with traditional stainless-steel fili-form needle and massage, the total effective rate was 91. 3%. Comparison of the therapeutic ef-fects between the two groups showed X^2=4. 12, P【0.05. In control group II there were 23 cas-es, who received needling Tiaokou point (ST 38)-through-Chengshan (BL 57) with the abovementioned stainless-steel filiform, one of ancient and modern experimental methods, the total ef-fecive rate was 82. 6%, which was compared with that in the treatment group, indicating X^2=8.492, P【0. 01. It is suggested that the therapeutic effect in the treatment group was superior tothat in the control group I and significantly superior to that in the control group II.

Application of an acrylic vessel supported by a stainless-steel truss for the JUNO central detector

After the success of the Daya Bay experiment, the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory （JUNO） was launched to measure neutrino-mass hierarchy and oscillation parameters and to study other neutrino physics. Its central detector is set for antineutrinos from reactors, the Earth, the atmosphere, and the Sun. The main requirements of the central detector are con- tainment of 20 kt of liquid scintillator, as the target mass, and 3% energy resolution. It is about a ball-shape detector of 38.5 m with -75% coverage of PMT on its inner surface. The design of such a huge detector is a big challenge because it must meet the requirements for several different types of physics measurement and possess the feasibility and reliability in its structure and engineering, all at reasonable time and cost. One option for the JUNO central detector is a hyper-scale acrylic ball sub- merged in the water to shield the background. This paper proposes a structural scheme for such an acrylic ball that is supported by a stainless-steel truss, inspired by point-supported glass-curtain walls in civil engineering. The preliminary design of the scheme is completed and verified by finite element （FE） method using ABAQUS. FE analysis shows that the scheme can con- trol the stress level of the acrylic ball within the limit of 5 to 10 MPa, in accordance with the demand of the design objective of the central detector. The scheme is of outstanding global stability and allows various chocces on local connections. We prove that the scheme is of good feasibility and should be a reasonable option for the central detector.

Stretch bending defect control of L-section SUS301L stainless-steel components with variable contour curvatures

The stretch bending of L-section variable-curvature SUS301L stainless-steel roof bending beams for metro vehicles was numerically simulated.The causes of defects such as wrinkling,section distortion,and poor contour accuracy were analysed,and the corresponding control methods were proposed.The simulation results demonstrated that wrinkling in the small-arc segment could be eliminated by setting the die clearance and adjusting the elongation reasonably.Owing to the sidewall shrinkage of the profile in the process of stretch bending,the die groove depth was correspondingly reduced.Each section of the profile was effectively supported by the bottom of the die groove,and the section distortion could be controlled.Springback was the main reason for the poor contour accuracy,which could be compensated by modifying the die surface based on the springback value.Using the above defect control methods,forming experiments were performed on a new type of stretch bending die with variable die clearance and groove depth developed in this work.Finally,high-quality components were obtained,which verified the efficacy of the defect control methods.

Preparing a wettability-controllable stainless-steel mesh and its oil-water separation performance

The ability to regulate and apply surface wettability has attracted much attention in the surface engineering field.In this study,a simple chemical etching method was used to construct a rough micro/nano structure on 304 stainless steel mesh;this rough surface was subsequently decorated with fatty acids of varying chain length to regulate wettability.The wettability,composition,and morphology of the surface were characterized and ana-lyzed by measuring contact angles,and by atomic force microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties of the mesh modified with long-chain fatty acids were examined for oil-water separation performance and reusability.The surface had a micro/nano hierarchical morphology with ordered carbon chains,and the hydrophilic-to-superhydrophobic transformation was achieved by adjusting the chain length of the fatty acid to deliver contact angles in the range of 30°~154°.The oil contact angle was always 0°,irrespective of the chain length fatty acid,and oil drops quickly penetrated the mesh surface.A fatty acid with a longer chain afforded a more hydrophobic and oleophilic mesh surface and better oil-water separation efficiency(up to 96%),which still exceeded 85%after 50 cycles of oil-water separation testing.Consequently,the prepared surface with controllable wettability has excellent prospects for use in intelligent response interfaces and oil-water separation applications.

Experimental study on the wear evolution of different PVD coated tools under milling operations of LDX2101 duplex stainless steel

Duplex stainless steels are being used on applications that require,especially,high corrosion resistance and overall good mechanical properties,such as the naval and oil-gas exploration industry.The components employed in these industries are usually obtained by machining,however,these alloys have low machinability when compared to conventional stainless steels.In this work,a study of the wear developed when milling duplex stainless-steel,LDX 2101,is going to be presented and evaluated,employing four types of milling tools with different geometries and coatings,while studying the influence of feed rate and cutting length in the wear of these tools.Tools used have been provided with two and four flutes,as well as three different coatings,namely:TiAlN,TiAlSiN and AlCrN.The cutting behavior of these tools was analyzed;data relative to the cutting forces developed during the process were obtained;and roughness measurements of the machined surfaces were executed.The tools were then submitted to scanning electron microscope(SEM)analysis,enabling the identification of the wear mechanisms that tools were subjected to when machining this material,furthermore,the early stages of these mechanisms were also identified.All this work was done with the goal of relating the machining parameters and cutting force values obtained,identifying,and discussing the wear patterns that were observed in the coating and tools after the milling tests,providing further information on the machining of these alloys.

Structural optimization design of a bolster based on a simulation-driven design

A simulation-driven design method which uses multiple optimization methods can effectively promote innovative structural design tion analysis can enormously improve the efficiency of modelling and solving.This study establishes a general workflow of structural and reduce the product development cycle.Meanwhile,the sub-model technology which has more detailed simulation and optimizaoptimization for a stainless-steel metro bolster by combining the simulation-driven design method and sub-model technology.In the sub-model definition phase,the end underframe sub-model which contains the bolster is obtained based on the whole car body finite element(FE)model,and the effectiveness of the end underframe sub-model is also proved.In the conceptual design phase,the is determined according to manufacturing processes and design experiences.In the detailed design phase,the thickness of each topology path inside the bolster is obtained by the topology method and the optimized structure of the inner ribs inside the bolster part of the bolster is determined by size optimization.The simulation analyses indicate that the requirements of static strength and can be decreased by 17.79% compared with the original bolster structure,which means that not only the lightweight design goal fatigue strength are fulfilled by the optimized bolster structure.Besides,the weight can be reduced by 11.18% and the weld length is achicved.but also the welding auantity and manufacturing difficulty are geatly reduced.The results show the effectiveness of the simulation-driven design method based on the sub-model technology in the structural optimization for key parts of rail transit vehicles.