Automated detection and identification of white-backed planthoppers in paddy fields using image processing

A survey of the population densities of rice planthoppers is important for forecasting decisions and efficient control. Tra- ditional manual surveying of rice planthoppers is time-consuming, fatiguing, and subjective. A new three-layer detection method was proposed to detect and identify white-backed planthoppers （WBPHs, Sogatella furcifera （Horvath）） and their developmental stages using image processing. In the first two detection layers, we used an AdaBoost classifier that was trained on a histogram of oriented gradient （HOG） features and a support vector machine （SVM） classifier that was trained on Gabor and Local Binary Pattern （LBP） features to detect WBPHs and remove impurities. We achieved a detection rate of 85.6% and a false detection rate of 10.2%. In the third detection layer, a SVM classifier that was trained on the HOG features was used to identify the different developmental stages of the WBPHs, and we achieved an identification rate of 73.1%, a false identification rate of 23.3%, and a 5.6% false detection rate for the images without WBPHs. The proposed three-layer detection method is feasible and effective for the identification of different developmental stages of planthoppers on rice plants in paddy fields.

Development of an Automated LIBS Analytical Test System Integrated with Component Control and Spectrum Analysis Capabilities

The present paper proposes an automated Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy （LIBS） analytical test system, which consists of a LIBS measurement and control platform based on a modular design concept, and a LIBS qualitative spectrum analysis software and is developed in C#. The platform provides flexible interfacing and automated control; it is compatible with different manufacturer component models and is constructed in modularized form for easy ex- pandability. During peak identification, a more robust peak identification method with improved stability in peak identification has been achieved by applying additional smoothing on the slope obtained by calculation before peak identification. For the purpose of element identification, an improved main lines analysis method, which detects all elements on the spectral peak to avoid omission of certain elements without strong spectral lines, is applied to element identification in the tested LIBS samples. This method also increases the identification speed. In this paper, actual applications have been carried out. According to tests, the analytical test system is compatible with components of various models made by different manufacturers. It can automatically control components to get experimental data and conduct filtering, peak identification and qualitative analysis, etc. on spectral data.

MicrobIdentifier: A Microbial Identification Software Based on Mass-Spectrometry

As the technology of microbial identification by mass cataloging has been widely used, we have developed the micro-bial identification software, MicrobIdentifier, which integrates and automates different steps in the procedure of rapid species identification based on mass-spectrometry. This software is written in Java for cross-platform intention.

Isolation and Identification of a Flocculant Producing Strain TS-1

[Objective] The purpose was to select out and identify a flocculant producing strain which could produce high active flocculant.[Method] The strain producing high active flocculant was isolated out and purified through medium culture and the selected strain was identified through observing its culture characters and determining its physiological and biochemical property.[Result] Fourteen strains of bacteria with flocculant producing function were isolated from tested soil samples through isolation,purification and preliminary screening using dilution-spread plate method and plate streaking method.Five strains of flocculant producing bacteria showing higher flocculation activity were selected out after second screening and their flocculation rates were higher than 70%;the flocculation activity of one strain among them was still stable after multiple subculturings,its flocculation rate was always above 90% and it was marked as TS-1.TS-1 was encapsulated Gram-positive bacillus and there was no lipid in it,such as poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid.TS-1 was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,so it was named Bacillus TS-1.[Conclusion] The strain selected out in this experiment could be used in the flocculation and biochemical treatment of wastewater from starch industry.

Isolation and identification of symbiotic bacteria from the skin, mouth, and rectum of wild and captive tree shrews

Endosymbionts influence many aspects of their hosts’ health conditions, including physiology, development, immunity, metabolism, etc. Tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri chinensis) have attracted increasing attention in modeling human diseases and therapeutic responses due to their close relationship with primates. To clarify the situation of symbiotic bacteria from their body surface, oral cavity, and anus, 12 wild and 12 the third generation of captive tree shrews were examined. Based on morphological and cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical tests, as well as the 16 S rDNA full sequence analysis, 12 bacteria strains were isolated and identified from the wild tree shrews: body surface: Bacillus subtilis(detection rate 42%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(25%), Staphlococcus aureus(33%), S. Epidermidis(75%), Micrococcus luteus(25%), Kurthia gibsonii(17%); oral cavity: Neisseria mucosa(58%), Streptococcus pneumonia(17%); anus: Enterococcus faecalis(17%), Lactococus lactis(33%), Escherichia coli(92%), Salmonella typhosa(17%); whereas, four were indentified from the third generation captive tree shrews: body surface: S. epidermidis(75%); oral cavity: N.mucosa(67%); anus: L. lactis(33%), E. coli(100%). These results indicate that S. epidermidis, N. mucosa, L. lactis and E. coli were major bacteria in tree shrews, whereas, S. aureus, M. luteus, K. gibsonii, E. faecalis and S. typhosa were species-specific flora. This study facilitates the future use of tree shrews as a standard experimental animal and improves our understanding of the relationship between endosymbionts and their hosts.

Isolation and Identification of Yeasts from Luzhou Flavor Daqu

A yeast strain had been isolated by dilution-plate from the Daqu samples in our study. The strain was identified as a strain of Rhodotorula aurantiaca through observation of its morphological features, micromorphological observation and biolog identification system.

Laboratory-Scale Evaluation of Single Analyte Bacterial Monitoring Strategies in Water Injection Systems

Microbial activity is the cause of a variety of problems in water injection systems, e.g., microbial corrosion, plugging, and biofouling. Efficient monitoring of Saudi Aramco’s vast water injection system requires the development of online and automated technologies for monitoring microbial activities in the system. A previous system review and technology screening has identified five single-analyte strategies [1], which were evaluated in this study with a laboratory-scale setup to determine their applicability for automated determination of microbial activity in the injection water system. Four of the five single-analyte measuring principles tested in the laboratory setup were deemed less suitable for automation and/or reliable for use in the detection of microbial activity in the company injection water system. These four principles were: luminescence assay for adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP), detection and electrochemical measurements of H2S, determination of pH by electrochemical sensor, and measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). The strategy of staining cells with fluorescent DNA dyes, followed by quantification of fluorescence signals, was identified to hold, with proper optimization of DNA staining and fluorescence detection, a very promising potential for integration in automated, online sensors for microbial activity in the injection water system.

Optimization of DNA Staining Technology for Development of Autonomous Microbe Sensor for Injection Seawater Systems

Microbial activity in the water injection system in oil and gas industry leads to an array of challenges, including biofouling, injectivity loss, reservoir plugging, and microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). An effective mitigation strategy requires online and real-time monitoring of microbial activity and growth in the system so that the operators can apply and adjust counter-measures quickly and properly. The previous study [1] identified DNA staining technology-with PicoGreen and SYBR Green dyes—as a very promising method for automated, online determination of microbial cell abundance in the vast Saudi Aramco injection seawater systems. This study evaluated DNA staining technology on detection limit, automation potential, and temperature stability for the construction of automated sensor prototype. DNA staining with SYBR Green dye was determined to be better suited for online and real-time monitoring of microbial activity in the Saudi Aramco seawater systems. SYBR Green staining does not require sample pre-treatment, and the fluorescence signal intensity is more stable at elevated temperatures up to 30℃. The lower detection limit of 2 × 103/ml was achieved under the optimized conditions, which is sufficient to detect microbial numbers in Saudi Aramco injection seawater. Finally, the requirements for design and construction of SYBR-based automated sensor prototype were determined.

Validation of Autonomous Microbe Sensor Prototype for Monitoring of Microorganisms in Injection Seawater Systems

Microbial growth in the water injection system is a well-known problem with severe operational and financial consequences for the petroleum industry, including microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), reduced injectivity, reservoir plugging, production downtime, and extensive repair costs. Monitoring of system microbiology is required in any mitigation strategy, enabling operators to apply and adjust countermeasures properly and in due time. In previous studies [1] [2], DNA staining technology with SYBR Green dye was evaluated to have a sufficient detection limit and automation potential for real-time detection of microbial activity in the Saudi Aramco injection seawater. In this study, technical requirements and design solutions were defined, and an autonomous microbe sensor (AMS) prototype was constructed, tested and optimized in the laboratory, and validated in the field for automated detection of microorganisms in the harsh Saudi Arabia desert environment and injection seawater. The AMS prototype was able to monitor and follow the general microbial status in the system, including detection of periods with increased microbial growth or decreased microbial numbers following biocide injection. The infield AMS detection limit was 105 cells/mL. The long-term field testing also identified the areas for technical improvement and optimization for further development of a more robust and better performing commercial microbial sensing device.

Applicability of Dimedone Assays for the Development of Online Aldehyde Sensor in Seawater Flooding Systems

Biocides are oilfield chemicals that are widely used to control bacterial activity throughout the oil industry. A feasibility study has been explored to develop detection techniques for biocide batch treatments, preferably on-line and in real-time, for their potential use in seawater flooding system. Several methods to measure key components of the biocide formulation were investigated and reported in previous study [1]. The enzymatic activity of an immobilized acetylcholine esterase (AChE) on the column material was successfully inhibited by some model compounds, but not by the actual biocides commonly used in Saudi Aramco seawater flooding system. In this paper, an alternative assay for biocide detection in the Saudi Aramco seawater flooding system was investigated for its applicability for the development of on-line biocide sensor. The assay was based on the detection of aldehyde functionality in the biocide mixture through measurement of a fluorescent derivative formed in the reaction of aldehyde groups and dimedone in the presence of ammonium acetate. The reaction of aldehyde groups with dimedone was demonstrated in seawater matrix, and the formed fluorescent product was successfully measured. The results showed that the dimedone-based assay was very sensitive, and relatively straightforward to perform. The ruggedness test also indicated that the assay is sensitive to minor changes of various specific conditions of the method. It is concluded that the dimedone assay is suitable for further development of a real-time biocide monitoring system to detect the presence of biocide slugs in seawater flooding system. The development of an automated on-line biocide sensor based on dimedone assay is underway.

Assessment of Indoor Microbial Quality of Library’s Premise: Case of Central Library of the University of YaoundéI

Background: Good indoor air quality is important for human health and comfort, because people spend a most of their time within buildings. Microbial pollution is a key element of indoor air pollution. Bacteria and fungi growing indoors when sufficient moisture is available usually cause indoor air pollution. Methods: This study was conducted to assess the microbial concentration and to identify the main bacteria and fungi in the indoor environment of Central Library of the University of Yaoundé I. A total of 76 samples were taken from indoor air, surfaces and mouldy books. Bioaerosol sampling and air concentration were made by passive air sampling technique using petri dishes containing different culture media and exposed for 30, 60 and 90 min in the morning and afternoon. Sampling of surfaces and mouldy books were made by rubbing using sterile swab. The identification of the isolated microorganisms was based on macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characters. Results: The concentrations of bacteria and fungi in the indoor environment of Central Library of the University of Yaoundé I ranged between 747 and 2324 CFU/m for the air and 40 and 500 CFU/cm2 for surfaces. In the examined area, the predominant culturable species of microflora were members of the following bacteria genera;Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Micrococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, Rhodococcus spp, Enterobacter spp, Klebsiella spp and Escherichia spp and fungi;Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp, Curvularia spp, Mucor spp, Cladosporium spp, Candida spp Rhodotorula spp, Fusarium spp, Trichophyton spp, Acremonium spp, Aureobasidium spp, Rhizopus spp and Chrysonilia spp. Conclusion: High concentrations of bacteria and fungi were observed in the central library of the University of Yaoundé I. Precautions and safety measures should be taken to reduce microbial pollution at universities libraries by improving libraries ventilation and disinfection.

Deployment of Pre-Industrial Autonomous Microbe Sensor in Saudi Arabia’s Injection Seawater System

Microbial growth in water injection systems can lead to many problems, including biofouling, water quality deterioration, injectivity loss, microbial corrosion, and reservoir formation damage. Monitoring of microbial activities is required in any mitigation strategy, enabling operators to apply and adjust countermeasures properly and in due time. In this study, the pre-industrial autonomous microbe sensor (AMS) was constructed with technical improvements from the prototype for increased sensitivity, durability, robustness, and maintainability. The pre-industrial AMS was lab validated, field proven, and deployed at critical locations of seawater injection network for automated detection of microorganisms under the Saudi Arabia’s harsh environment. An excellent correlation between AMS measurement data (fluorescence count) and actual count of microbial cell number under microscope was established (coefficient of determination, R2 > 0.99) for converting AMS fluorescence count to cell numbers (cell mL-1) in the injection seawater. The pre-industrial AMS only required monthly maintenance with solutions refill, and was able to cope with hot summer months even without protection in an air-conditioned shelter. The study team recommended wider deployment of the online AMS for real-time monitoring of bacteria numbers in the various strategic locations in Saudi Aramco’s complex seawater injection network, as an integral component of pipeline corrosion and leak mitigation program.

OmniLog TM微生物鉴定系统在青海高原野生型鼠疫噬菌体宿主谱检测中的应用研究

目的采用两种微量法检测青海高原野生型鼠疫噬菌体的宿主谱,为今后噬菌体生态学研究和基于宿主范围噬菌体分类研究提供科学依据。方法基于OmniLog TM微生物鉴定系统微量法和微量点滴法,检测3株鼠疫噬菌体对2株鼠疫耶尔森菌(鼠疫疫苗株EV 76、614F)和4株非鼠疫耶尔森菌(假结核耶尔森菌PTB3、PTB5、大肠杆菌V517、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌52302-2)的裂解情况。结果476号、087号和072204号鼠疫噬菌体均能成功感染鼠疫疫苗株EV 76、614F并依赖其生长繁殖,且基于OmniLog TM系统33℃培养48 h也能够观察到试验孔中四唑类染料颜色随着噬菌体数量的增加和宿主菌数量的减少而变淡。利用微量点滴法检测3株鼠疫噬菌体对4株非鼠疫耶尔森菌敏感性结果显示,28℃和37℃时476号鼠疫噬菌体对假结核耶尔森菌PTB5敏感,而087号和072204号对其不敏感;476号、087号和072204号鼠疫噬菌体对假结核耶尔森菌PTB3、大肠杆菌V517、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌52302-2这3株非鼠疫耶尔森菌均不敏感,且基于OmniLog TM系统观察到试验孔与对照孔中细菌生长曲线和四唑类染料颜色分别呈现相似对应的结果。然而,以鼠疫疫苗株EV 76、614F为宿主菌,37℃时072204号鼠疫噬菌体微量点滴于固体培养基上不显示噬菌斑。结论基于OmniLog TM检测系统的噬菌体宿主范围测定法可以作为一种替代传统检测宿主谱的测定方法,在噬菌体与宿主菌相互作用研究中具有较好的应用价值。

上海地区单采血小板阳性细菌筛查结果评估

目的对上海市血液中心检测的405392袋单采血小板细菌结果进行回顾性分析,评估上海地区单采血小板细菌污染发生及控制情况,为制定细菌污染检测策略和预防措施提供依据。方法2017年1月—2023年12月,上海市血液中心将采集至少间隔24 h的单采血小板从母袋中取样至留样袋,并接种于需氧培养瓶内,使用自动化微生物培养系统进行细菌筛查,统计分析阳性细菌数据。结果2017年1月—2023年12月使用3种培养系统共检测到423例初始阳性标本,通过统计分析,初始阳性率为10.43×10^(-4)、确认阳性率为1.95×10^(-4)、不确定阳性率为1.33×10^(-4)、不一致阳性率为0.12×10^(-4)、取样污染引起的假阳性率为0.32×10^(-4)、仪器误报引起的假阳性率为6.71×10^(-4),3种培养系统组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经过MALDITOF MS质谱共检测出32种,151株细菌。其中确认阳性结果中表皮葡萄球菌、头葡萄球菌、人葡萄球菌所占比例较高;在不确定结果中短芽孢杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、头状葡萄球菌所占比例较高;在不一致阳性结果中主要是解淀粉芽孢杆菌、星座链球菌、自溶菌、坚韧类芽孢杆菌;在假阳性(取样污染)结果中短芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、莫哈维芽孢杆菌、人葡萄球菌所占比例较高。确认阳性结果中初始报阳时间在12 h内被检出的细菌主要是蜡样芽胞杆菌、加氏乳球菌、地衣芽孢杆菌;在(12~24)h内被检出的细菌主要是表皮葡萄球菌、泛血败菌属、停乳链球菌。确认阳性细菌中,皮肤条件致病菌组的数量明显高于环境条件致病菌和常见致病菌组,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论通过使用自动化微生物培养系统对单采血小板进行细菌筛查,能有效地控制细菌污染的发生,保障单采血小板制品输注安全,同时本研究也可为献血者皮肤消毒流程优化及有效性评估措施的标准或规程提供参考依据。

瘤胃源粪臭素降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性研究

【目的】旨在从绵羊瘤胃中分离粪臭素降解菌,并评估其粪臭素降解能力和生长性能,以期开发适用于反刍动物降臭的直接饲喂微生物。【方法】以绵羊瘤胃液为分离来源,使用含有粪臭素的MSM培养基进行富集和分离,通过细菌菌落形态观察进行初步分类;应用16S rRNA基因扩增、测序及系统发育分析进行物种鉴定;绘制菌株生长曲线,通过HPLC技术测定粪臭素降解曲线。【结果】从绵羊瘤胃液中分离出25株粪臭素降解菌,经菌落形态鉴定选出11株代表菌株进行后续研究。物种鉴定结果显示,MSML2和MSML6属于枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),MSML4、MSML5、MSML7和MSML10属于阿氏普里斯特氏菌(Priestia aryabhattai),MSML3和MSML11属于污染伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia contaminans),MSML1、MSML8和MSML9属于成都假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chengduensis)。其中,MSML5生长速度最快,在约12 h后进入稳定期,稳定期菌体浓度最高;MSML3和MSML8在前16 h生长缓慢,32 h后进入稳定期。在粪臭素降解方面,MSML2粪臭素降解效率最高,48 h内的降解率达到23.03%,其次是MSML7、MSML8和MSML10,降解率均超过20%。【结论】成功从绵羊瘤胃中分离获得25株粪臭素降解菌,涉及4个物种,首次报道了具备粪臭素降解能力的枯草芽孢杆菌、阿氏普里斯特氏菌和成都假单胞菌,为直接饲喂反刍动物的菌剂开发提供了宝贵的菌株资源。

一株耐铬细菌的分离鉴定及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的抗性

从山东省某含铬农田土壤取样进行宏基因测序、16SrDNA以及构建系统树等方法分离、鉴定耐铬细菌,并通过扫描电子显微镜等研究其对Cr(Ⅵ)的抗性。某含铬农田土壤中的优势菌为Enterobacter cloacae(阴沟肠杆菌),将其命名为Enterobacter cloacae SD。SD的Cr(Ⅵ)耐受质量浓度可达3 200 mg/L;在150 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)中培养时,菌落较不加Cr(Ⅵ)时少且分散,但单菌落较大;SD细胞表面粗糙,似有沉淀物产生。以酵母浸粉为碳源,pH值为7,培养温度为30℃时菌株SD可较好生长。在150 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)下,SD对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率为39.67%。研究表明Enterobacter cloacae SD可耐受高质量浓度Cr(Ⅵ)的同时,对Cr(Ⅵ)有一定的去除能力,这为Cr(Ⅵ)污染的微生物修复提供了可能的菌种资源。

市售餐饮自制发酵乳卫生质量状况调查分析——以扬州市为例

以扬州市餐饮环节抽取的餐饮自制发酵乳为研究对象,采用国家标准方法对其卫生指标进行检测,并运用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法、分子生物学方法和传统形态学方法对污染微生物指标不合格产品中的污染菌进行分离纯化和鉴定。结果表明:25批次餐饮自制发酵乳的产品不合格率为36%,不合格项目均为微生物指标,其中大肠菌群不合格率为20%、霉菌计数不合格率为8%、酵母计数不合格率为32%。不合格样品的大肠菌群阳性菌株中包含了肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌等多种条件致病菌;不合格样品的霉菌和酵母菌以曲霉属、青霉属、念珠菌属等发酵乳中常见的污染菌为主。调查表明:餐饮企业应重视加工制作过程中的微生物污染问题,监管部门应制定和实施有针对性的餐饮食品抽检计划,同时加强对餐饮自制发酵乳的食品安全监管。

基于Faster R⁃CNN的无人超市商品自动化识别技术

无人超市商品自动化识别过程中易受到背景复杂化、亮度不均匀、角度多变等的干扰。为此,提出一种基于Faster R-CNN的无人超市商品自动化识别方法。首先利用Haar小波提升模型,将商品图像分为低频图像和高频图像;然后通过仿生彩色图像法对图像进行增强处理,并采用Faster R-CNN中的特征融合结构,将图像深度信息与浅度信息融合到一起;最后将融合的特征输入到自动化识别网络中,输出自动化识别结果。实验结果表明,所提方法的识别效率高、图像增强效果好、抗噪能力强。

全自动快速微生物检测技术在流感嗜血杆菌检验中的应用价值分析

目的:分析全自动快速微生物检测技术在流感嗜血杆菌检验中的应用价值。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年12月金昌市疾病预防控制中心收治的呼吸道感染患者120例作为研究对象,患者均进行M-H琼脂药敏试验、全自动快速微生物检测、基因检测。以基因检测结果为“金标准”,比较M-H琼脂药敏试验、全自动快速微生物检测系统对流感嗜血杆菌的诊断效能及检测时间。结果:全自动快速微生物检测系统诊断流感嗜血杆菌的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断符合率均高于M-H琼脂药敏试验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。全自动快速微生物检测技术检测时间短于M-H琼脂药敏试验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:全自动快速微生物检测技术在流感嗜血杆菌检验中的应用价值显著,可提高对流感嗜血杆菌的诊断效能,缩短检测时间。