Research and Practice of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Training Programs

In today’s society, the incidence of cardiopulmonary diseases is increasing annually, seriously affecting patients’ quality of life. Therefore, developing a scientific and effective rehabilitation training program is of great significance. This study first analyzes the theoretical basis of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training, including the effects of aerobic exercise, interval training, and strength training on cardiopulmonary function. Based on this, a comprehensive rehabilitation training program is designed, which includes personalized training plans, comprehensive interventions, multidisciplinary collaboration, patient education, and regular follow-up visits. The cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training plan developed in this study has certain scientific practicability, which provides a theoretical basis for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training, and also provides a reference for medical institutions, rehabilitation centers and communities, which is helpful for promotion and application to a wider range of patients with cardiopulmonary diseases.

Women Awareness on the Importance of Agriculture Technologies Using ICT-Based Training Programs

Awareness policy intended to contribute to changing rural women realities to urgent needs of information and gain knowledge was to be demonstrated through in-depth information and communication technology-based(ICTs-based)training program that focused on the importance of advanced agricultural technologies in the production chain in developing countries like Egypt through access and use of the ICTs.Women are becoming well trained on the detailed steps of improved technologies applied in supply chain.Their increased awareness of the necessity of quality management to be followed during their work in the postharvest handling system helped them to produce high-quality products to meet the export requirements of foreign markets and add value to the export quality.Women have been able to reduce the extremely high losses that occurred due to improper handling in particular.The outcomes of proper and healthy procedures,precautions and personal protection were gained by rural women and technicians working in the supply chain.Moreover,women themselves became more confident in their know-how and more comfortable in transgressing cultural norms that inhibited their progress.

Impacts of forest plantation programs on sectoral CO_(2) emissions regionally in New Zealand

Investing in projects that support environmental benefits,such as tree harvesting,has the potential to reduce air pollution levels in the atmosphere in the future.However,this kind of investment may increase the current level of emissions.Therefore,it is necessary to estimate how much the policy affects the current level of CO_(2) emissions.This makes sure the policy doesn’t increase the level of CO_(2) emis-sions.This study aims to analyze the effect of the One Bil-lion Trees program on CO_(2) emissions in New Zealand by employing the 2020 input–output table analysis.This inves-tigation examines the direct and indirect effects of policy on both the demand and supply sides across six regions of New Zealand.The results of this study for the first year of plantation suggest that the policy increases the level of CO_(2) emissions in all regions,especially in the Waikato region.The direct and indirect impact of the policy leads to 64 kt of CO_(2) emissions on the demand side and 270 kt of CO_(2) emis-sions on the supply side.These lead to 0.19 and 0.74%of total CO_(2) emissions being attributed to investment shocks.Continuing the policy is recommended,as it has a low effect on CO_(2) emissions.However,it is crucial to prioritize the use of low-carbon machinery that uses fossil fuels during the plantation process.

Does enhanced recovery after surgery programs improve clinical outcomes in liver cancer surgery?

Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)programs have been widely applied in liver surgery since the publication of the first ERAS guidelines in 2016 and the new recommendations in 2022.Liver surgery is usually performed in oncological patients(liver metastasis,hepatocellular carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma,etc.),but the real impact of liver surgery ERAS programs in oncological outcomes is not clearly defined.Theoretical advantages of ERAS programs are:ERAS decreases postoperative complication rates and has been demonstrated a clear relationship between complications and oncological outcomes;a better and faster posto-perative recovery should let oncologic teams begin chemotherapeutic regimens on time;prehabilitation and nutrition actions before surgery should also improve the performance status of the patients receiving chemotherapy.So,ERAS could be another way to improve our oncological results.We will discuss the literature about liver surgery ERAS focusing on its oncological implications and future investigations projects.

Glia-to-neuron reprogramming to the rescue?

Over the last two decades,the dogma that cell fate is immutable has been increasingly challenged,with important implications for regenerative medicine.The brea kth rough discovery that induced pluripotent stem cells could be generated from adult mouse fibroblasts is powerful proof that cell fate can be changed.An exciting extension of the discovery of cell fate impermanence is the direct cellular reprogram ming hypothesis-that terminally differentiated cells can be reprogrammed into other adult cell fates without first passing through a stem cell state.

An Approach to Detect Structural Development Defects in Object-Oriented Programs

Structural development defects essentially refer to code structure that violates object-oriented design principles. They make program maintenance challenging and deteriorate software quality over time. Various detection approaches, ranging from traditional heuristic algorithms to machine learning methods, are used to identify these defects. Ensemble learning methods have strengthened the detection of these defects. However, existing approaches do not simultaneously exploit the capabilities of extracting relevant features from pre-trained models and the performance of neural networks for the classification task. Therefore, our goal has been to design a model that combines a pre-trained model to extract relevant features from code excerpts through transfer learning and a bagging method with a base estimator, a dense neural network, for defect classification. To achieve this, we composed multiple samples of the same size with replacements from the imbalanced dataset MLCQ1. For all the samples, we used the CodeT5-small variant to extract features and trained a bagging method with the neural network Roberta Classification Head to classify defects based on these features. We then compared this model to RandomForest, one of the ensemble methods that yields good results. Our experiments showed that the number of base estimators to use for bagging depends on the defect to be detected. Next, we observed that it was not necessary to use a data balancing technique with our model when the imbalance rate was 23%. Finally, for blob detection, RandomForest had a median MCC value of 0.36 compared to 0.12 for our method. However, our method was predominant in Long Method detection with a median MCC value of 0.53 compared to 0.42 for RandomForest. These results suggest that the performance of ensemble methods in detecting structural development defects is dependent on specific defects.

Neurocircuit regeneration by extracellular matrix reprogramming

The brain's extracellular matrix(ECM),which is comprised of protein and glycosaminoglycan(GAG)scaffolds,constitutes 20%-40% of the human brain and is considered one of the largest influencers on brain cell functioning(Soles et al.,2023).Synthesized by neural and glial cells,the brain's ECM regulates a myriad of homeostatic cellular processes,including neuronal plasticity and firing(Miyata et al.,2012),cation buffering(Moraws ki et al.,2015),and glia-neuron interactions(Anderson et al.,2016).Considering the diversity of functions,dynamic remodeling of the brain's ECM indicates that this understudied medium is an active participant in both normal physiology and neurological diseases.

The exactness of the l_(1)penalty function for a class of mathematical programs with generalized complementarity constraints

In a mathematical program with generalized complementarity constraints(MPGCC),complementarity relation is imposed between each pair of variable blocks.MPGCC includes the traditional mathematical program with complementarity constraints(MPCC)as a special case.On account of the disjunctive feasible region,MPCC and MPGCC are generally difficult to handle.The l_(1)penalty method,often adopted in computation,opens a way of circumventing the difficulty.Yet it remains unclear about the exactness of the l_(1)penalty function,namely,whether there exists a sufficiently large penalty parameter so that the penalty problem shares the optimal solution set with the original one.In this paper,we consider a class of MPGCCs that are of multi-affine objective functions.This problem class finds applications in various fields,e.g.,the multi-marginal optimal transport problems in many-body quantum physics and the pricing problems in network transportation.We first provide an instance from this class,the exactness of whose l_(1)penalty function cannot be derived by existing tools.We then establish the exactness results under rather mild conditions.Our results cover those existing ones for MPCC and apply to multi-block contexts.

Assessing and Improving the Quality of Undergraduates in Preschool Education Programs in China:The Course Experience

This study investigated the current status of course satisfaction among 416 undergraduate students majoring in preschool education from four universities in China.And it explored the predictive effects of five influencing factors(teacher instruction,course management,course setting,course environment,and course resources)on student satisfaction.Through SPSS data analysis,the findings revealed that:1.the mean value of course experience was M=3.861(out of 5);2.there were differences in the satisfaction of undergraduate students'course experience by different background variables;3.course,course resources,and loyalty had significant predictive power on undergraduate students'satisfaction with course experience;4.instructor instruction(TI)did not significantly predict students'satisfaction with course experience(SCES)(p>0.001);5.Faculty instruction(TI)in this study had the highest mean satisfaction score(M=4.191)and the mean satisfaction score was only(M=3.861).The results show that the current status of course satisfaction among Chinese preschool undergraduates is at an moderate level,and there is more space for improvement;although students'satisfaction with teacher instruction(TI)is high,effective teacher instruction does not have a substantial impact on the acquisition of SCES or general competencies,and this passive learning and teaching style leads to a lack of independent learning and active participation among Chinese preschool undergraduate students.

Preparedness training programs improved the emergency response and crucial outcomes among nursing students:a scoping review

Objective:The study aims to review and discuss the outcomes of emergency preparedness training programs among nursing students.Methods:A scoping review was conducted based on the guidelines of Arskey and O’Malley.Databases through PubMed,Science Direct,and Google Scholar were used to obtain the relevant articles within the scoping review.Results:The researchers found 1175 articles.After manual review,28 articles were identified and assessed.The review reported that the emergency preparedness training program significantly affects preparedness,knowledge,performance,self-efficacy,learning motivation,self-confidence,satisfaction,critical decision-making,and problem-solving.Conclusions:Emergency training effectively increases knowledge,skills,confidence,satisfaction,and team performance.

Programmed cell death 1 inhibitor sintilimab plus S-1 and gemcitabine for liver metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis.When it metastasizes to the liver,treatment options become particularly limited and challenging.Current treatment options for liver metastatic PDAC are limited,and chemotherapy alone often proves insufficient.Immunotherapy,particularly programmed cell death 1(PD-1)inhibitors like sintilimab,shows potential efficacy for various cancers but has limited reports on PDAC.This study compares the efficacy and safety of sintilimab plus S-1 and gemcitabine vs S-1 and gemcitabine alone in liver metastatic PDAC.AIM To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of combined PD-1 inhibitor sintilimab and S-1 and gemcitabine(combination group)vs S-1 and gemcitabine used alone(chemotherapy group)for treating liver metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.METHODS Eligible patients were those with only liver metastatic PDAC,an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1,adequate organ and marrow functions,and no prior anticancer therapy.Participants in the combination group received intravenous sintilimab 200 mg every 3 weeks,oral S-140 mg/m²twice daily on days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle,and intravenous gemcitabine 1000 mg/m²on days 1 and 8 of the same cycle for up to eight cycles or until disease progression,death,or unacceptable toxicity.Participants in the chemotherapy group received oral S-140 mg/m²twice daily on days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle and intravenous gemcitabine 1000 mg/m²on days 1 and 8 of the same cycle for up to eight cycles.Between June 2020 and December 2021,66 participants were enrolled,with 32 receiving the combination treatment and 34 receiving chemotherapy alone.RESULTS The group receiving the combined therapy exhibited a markedly prolonged median overall survival(18.8 months compared to 10.3 months,P<0.05)and progression-free survival(9.6 months vs 5.4 months,P<0.05).compared to the chemotherapy group.The incidence of severe adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of PD-1 inhibitor sintilimab with S-1 and gemcitabine demonstrated effectiveness and safety for treating liver metastatic PDAC,meriting further investigation.

Interleukin-17A facilitates tumor progression via upregulating programmed death ligand-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an inflammation-associated tumor with a dismal prognosis.Immunotherapy has become an important treatment strategy for HCC,as immunity is closely related to inflammation in the tumor microenvir-onment.Inflammation regulates the expression of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and affects im-munotherapy efficacy.Interleukin-17A(IL-17A)is involved in the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment and plays a protumor or antitumor role in different tumors.We hypothesized that IL-17A participates in tumor progression by affe-cting the level of immune checkpoint molecules in HCC.The upregulation of PD-L1 expression in HCC cells by IL-17A was assessed by reverse transcription PCR,western blotting,and flow cytometry.Mechanistic studies were conducted with gene knockout models and pathway inhibitors.The function of IL-17A in immune evasion was explored through coculture of T cells and HCC cells.The effects of IL-17A on the malignant biological behaviors of HCC cells were evaluated in vitro,and the antitumor effects of an IL-17A inhibitor and its synergistic effects with a PD-L1 inhibitor were studied in vivo.RESULTS IL-17A upregulated PD-L1 expression in HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner,whereas IL-17A receptor knockout or treatment with a small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 inhibitor diminished the PD-L1 expression induced by IL-17A.IL-17A enhanced the survival of HCC cells in the coculture system.IL-17A increased the viability,G2/M ratio,and migration of HCC cells and decreased the apoptotic index.Cyclin D1,VEGF,MMP9,and Bcl-1 expression increased after IL-17A treatment,whereas BAX expression decreased.The combination of IL-17A and PD-L1 inhibitors showed synergistic antitumor efficacy and increased cluster of differentiation 8+T lymphocyte infiltration in an HCC mouse model.CONCLUSION IL-17A upregulates PD-L1 expression via the IL-17A receptor/phosphorylation-small mothers against decapenta-plegic 2 signaling pathway in HCC cells.Blocking IL-17A enhances the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 antibodies in HCC in vivo.

Perspectives of high-risk pregnant women on home care program in high-risk pregnancies: A multicenter, qualitative study

Objective:To explore the perspectives of high-risk pregnant women regarding the home care program for high-risk pregnancies.Methods:This qualitative study was conducted in a university hospital and 5 comprehensive health centers in Ahvaz,Iran,from February 2023 to July 2023.The sampling method used was purposive sampling considering the maximum possible diversity,which continued until data saturation.11 in-depth and semistructured interviews were conducted with high-risk pregnant women.Data were simultaneously analysed using Graneheim and Lundman content analysis by MAXQDA version 20 software.Results:Data analysis extracted 3 themes,12 categories,and 26 subcategories.The themes and categories were“high-risk pregnancy and related issues(pursuing treatment and paying attention to the high-risk situation by pregnant women,psychological aspect of high-risk pregnancy on pregnant women and caregivers,emotional and physical aspects of high-risk pregnancy,the consequences of high-risk pregnancy on the people around them and empowerment of high-risk pregnant women)”,“support dimension(family and community support for high-risk pregnant women)”,and“framework of program(acculturalization,means and equipment,security,manpower and the necessary arrangements for the home care)”.Conclusions:High-risk pregnancy affects various aspects of the lives of high-risk pregnant women and their families.Creating the necessary conditions for providing care at home plays a vital role in supporting high-risk pregnant women and removing related obstacles to receiving prenatal care in person.It will be especially beneficial for high-risk pregnant women in low-income areas.

Brand Early Promotion Program for Fresh Agricultural Product"Longxuhuang"

This study focuses on"Longxuhuang",a fresh agricultural product from Longtian Town in Longmen County.By establishing the objectives of brand promotion and analyzing the appropriate promotional channels,we aim to effectively position the brand,cultivate a promotional atmosphere,identify suitable channels for promotion,anticipate potential risks,and propose corresponding countermeasures.Additionally,we assess the effectiveness of the promotional strategies employed.The findings of this research will contribute to the brand promotion of enterprises and offer insights for the brand promotion of agricultural products in other regions.

Programmed cell death receptor 1 inhibitor Pembrolizumab in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer

This editorial discusses Christodoulidis et al's article,which appeared in the most recent edition.The clinical trials have demonstrated the programmed cell death receptor 1(PD-1)inhibitor Pembrolizumab involved combination therapy can improve the efficacy of advanced gastric cancer(AGC).Pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy can enhance its sensitivity,and further eliminate tumor cells that develop resistance to chemotherapy.The combination of Pembrolizumab and Trastuzumab targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 showed improved prognosis.The overall toxic effects of Pembrolizumab are significantly lower than traditional chemotherapy,and the safety is controllable.PD-1 inhibitor Pembrolizumab sheds a light on the treatment of AGC and brings new hope to the clinical practice.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis induced by the anti-programmed cell death-1 inhibitor tislelizumab:A case report

BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are a new class of antitumor agents.They enhance antitumor effects by blocking inhibitory receptors and related ligands expressed on T cells.ICIs also modulate regular immune cell activity,affecting the immune system and causing immune-related adverse events.The renal system is sometimes affected by these adverse events.Currently,the literature on ICIs-related glomerular injuries is scarce.CASE SUMMARY We present a patient who developed granulomatosis with polyangiitis(GPA)3 weeks after treatment with the anti-programmed cell death-1 inhibitor,tislel-izumab.The patient experienced proteinuria,hematuria,and acute kidney injury without pulmonary hemorrhage and tested positive for anti-neutrophil cyto-plasmic antibody(ANCA)-cytoplasmic type.Renal biopsy confirmed ANCA-associated vasculitis,and GPA was finally diagnosed.The patient received pulse treatment with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide,and renal function improved.After self-discontinuation of the drug,the disease recurred,and the original treatment regimen was continued.However,the patient’s renal function continued to deteriorate.CONCLUSION Glucocorticoids plus cyclophosphamide are effective for treating GPA induced by tislelizumab.However,follow-up and patient education are needed.

Safe flight corridor constrained sequential convex programming for efficient trajectory generation of fixed-wing UAVs

Generating dynamically feasible trajectory for fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in dense obstacle environments remains computationally intractable.This paper proposes a Safe Flight Corridor constrained Sequential Convex Programming(SFC-SCP)to improve the computation efficiency and reliability of trajectory generation.SFC-SCP combines the front-end convex polyhedron SFC construction and back-end SCP-based trajectory optimization.A Sparse A^(*)Search(SAS)driven SFC construction method is designed to efficiently generate polyhedron SFC according to the geometric relation among obstacles and collision-free waypoints.Via transforming the nonconvex obstacle-avoidance constraints to linear inequality constraints,SFC can mitigate infeasibility of trajectory planning and reduce computation complexity.Then,SCP casts the nonlinear trajectory optimization subject to SFC into convex programming subproblems to decrease the problem complexity.In addition,a convex optimizer based on interior point method is customized,where the search direction is calculated via successive elimination to further improve efficiency.Simulation experiments on dense obstacle scenarios show that SFC-SCP can generate dynamically feasible safe trajectory rapidly.Comparative studies with state-of-the-art SCP-based methods demonstrate the efficiency and reliability merits of SFC-SCP.Besides,the customized convex optimizer outperforms off-the-shelf optimizers in terms of computation time.

Monadically slicing programs with procedures

A two-phase monadic approach is presented for monadically slicing programs with procedures. In the monadic slice algorithm for interprocedural programs, phase 1 initializes the slice table of formal parameters in a procedure with the given labels, and then captures the callees＇ influence on callers when analyzing call statements. Phase 2 captures the callees＇ dependence on callers by replacing all given labels appearing in the corresponding sets of formal parameters. By the introduction of given labels, this slice method can obtain similar summary information in system-dependence-graph（SDG）-based algorithms for addressing the calling-context problem. With the use of the slice monad transformer, this monadic slicing approach achieves a high level of modularity and flexibility. It shows that the monadic interprocedural algorithm has less complexity and it is not less precise than SDG algorithms.

Approach to evaluating exception handling of programs

To solve the problems that the exception handling code is hard to test and maintain and that it affects the robustness and reliability of software, a method for evaluating the exception handling of programs is presented. The exception propagation graph （EPG） that describes the large programs with exception handling constructs is proposed by simplifying the control flow graph and it is applied to a case to verify its validity. According to the EPG, the exception handling code that never executes is identified; the points that are the most critical to controlling exception propagation are found; and the irrational exception handling code is corrected. The constructing algorithm for the EPG is given; thus, this provides a basis for automatically constructing the EPG and automatically correcting the irrational exception handling code.

Effectiveness of gastric cancer screening programs in South Korea:Organized vs opportunistic models

AIM:To investigate the outcome and effectiveness of two screening programs,National Cancer Screening Program(NCSP)and opportunistic screening(OS),for the detection of gastric cancer. METHODS:A total of 45 654 subjects underwent upper endoscopy as part of the NCSP or OS at the Chung-Ang University Healthcare System in Korea between January 2007 and December 2010.The study population was comprised of subjects over the age of 40 years.More specifically,subjects who took part in the NCSP were Medicaid recipients and beneficiaries of the National Health Insurance Corporation.Still photo-graphs from the endoscopies diagnosed as gastric cancer were reviewed by two experienced endoscopists. RESULTS:The mean age of the screened subjects was 55 years for men and 54 years for women.A total of 126 cases(0.28%)of gastric cancer were detected from both screening programs;100 cases(0.3%)from NCSP and in 26 cases(0.2%)from OS.The proportion of early gastric cancer(EGC)detected in NCSP was higher than that in OS(74.0%vs 53.8%,P=0.046). Among the 34 416 screenees in NCSP,6585(19.1%) underwent upper endoscopy every other year as scheduled.Among the 11 238 screenees in OS,3050(27.1%) underwent upper endoscopy at least once every two years during the study period.The detection rate of gastric cancer was found to be significantly higher during irregular follow-up than during regular follow-up in both screening programs(0.3%vs 0.2%,P=0.036).A higher incidence of EGC than advanced gastric cancer was observed during regular follow-up compared with irregular follow-up. CONCLUSION:Compliance to the screening program is more important than the type of screening system used.