How Autonomy Support Environment Influences Student Online Game Addiction:The Mediating Roles of Academic Motivation and Academic Perseverance

Background:Online game addiction has become a serious global public health problem among adolescents.However,its influencing factors and mediating mechanisms remain ambiguous.Methods:The present study adopted stratified random sampling to collect 6146 junior high school student samples in China's Mainland.We used regression analysis,and Bootstrap mediation test through SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 to reveal the tendency of students’online game addiction with different background characteristics and whether autonomy support from parents and teachers can effectively reduce online game addiction.Results:The results showed that parental(β=−0.112,p<0.001)and teacher(β=−0.225,p<0.001)autonomy support were conducive to reducing students’online game addiction.Academic perseverance(β=−0.080,95%CI=[−0.103,−0.058])and academic motivation(β=−0.073,95%CI=[−0.095,−0.052])partially mediated the relationship between autonomy support and online game addiction.Conclusion:This result provides a theoretical basis for educational interventions.It suggests that strengthening autonomy support could enhance students’academic perseverance and motivation and further reduce online game addiction.This study utilized a cross-sectional research design,making it difficult to determine the causal relationship between autonomy support environment and online game addiction.

Patient-centered care in diabetes care-concepts,relationships and practice

We still do not have comprehensive knowledge of which framework of patientcentered care(PCC)is appropriate for diabetes care,which elements of PCC are evidence-based,and the mechanism by which PCC elements are associated with outcomes through mediators.In this review,we elaborate on these issues.We found that for diabetes care,PCC elements such as autonomy support(patient individuality),cooperation and collaboration(system-level approach),communication and education(behavior change techniques),emotional support(biopsychosocial approach),and family/other involvement and support are critically important.All of these factors are directly associated with different patient outcomes and indirectly associated with outcomes through patient activation.We present the practical implications of these PCC elements.

A Motivation Perspective on College Admission Reform in Shanghai:The Effect of Providing More Choices and Multiple Evaluation Criteria

Purpose:This study offered insights into how Chinese college admission reform brought about school changes and influenced students'motivation and learning behaviors.Design/Approach/Methods:Four classes in one public high school in the Shanghai Municipality were observed in their homeroom activities and during class breaks.Students and teachers were purposively selected and interviewed.Findings:Due to the more choices on national college entrance examination-examined subjects,career development courses and internships were offered to give students guidance on subject selection.A class shifting system was adopted.In response to the comprehensive evaluation criteria,more free time and club activities were offered so that students can develop their own interests in nonacademic areas.While the reform promoted some students'intrinsic motivation and mastery goals-that is,students reported their intention to develop interests and improve competences-some students made strategic decisions(e.g.,avoiding choosing Physics,intensive preparation,and extracurricular academic tutoring)to maximize college admission possibilities at the cost of ignoring their personal interests.