Presynaptic modulation Of [3H] GABA release was examined using rat cerebral cortical slices. In vitro addition of muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist, resulted in a significant suppression of the release of [3H] GABA e...Presynaptic modulation Of [3H] GABA release was examined using rat cerebral cortical slices. In vitro addition of muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist, resulted in a significant suppression of the release of [3H] GABA evoked evoked by high potassium stimulation in a dose dependent manner, whereas beclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, had no significant effect on the release. Furthermore, it was found that the suppressive effect of muscimol could be antagonized invariably by bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist. These results suggest that the release of [3H] GABA from rat cerebral conical GABA neurous may be modulated by presynaptic GABAA autoreceptor.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of D-AP5 (D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate, a specific NMDA-antagonist) on the increase of intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i) induced by glutamate in isol...Objective To investigate the effect of D-AP5 (D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate, a specific NMDA-antagonist) on the increase of intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i) induced by glutamate in isolated cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs), and to detect the autoreceptors of the IHC membrane. Methods When a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) was used, the exogenous glutamate (Glu)-induced changes in [Ca 2+ ] i of isolated IHCs and OHCs of guinea pig cochlea were observed with fluo-3, a fluorescent probe for [Ca 2+ ] i. After D-AP5 or CNQX (6--cyano--7--nitroguinoxaline--2, 3--dione, a specific AMPA- antagonist) was administrated, the exogenous glutamate (Glu)-induced changes in [Ca 2+ ] i of isolated IHCs were recorded. Results In the presence of a low concentration Glu (3.85?μmol/L), there was an increase of [Ca 2+ ] i in IHCs, whereas there was no change in OHCs. When 50?μmol/L of D-AP5 was administrated in advance, Glu did not induce a corresponding increase in [Ca 2+ ] i in IHCs, and 50?μmol/L of CNQX did not completely block the increase of [Ca 2+ ] i in IHCs. Conclusions These results suggest that the autoreceptors existing in the IHC membrane are mainly of NMDA type, while there are relatively few AMPA receptors. Exogenous Glu is capable of increasing [Ca 2+ ] i in IHCs by acting on the NMDA autoreceptor of IHCs in a positive feedback manner.展开更多
Tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPBs), including (-)-stepholidine ((-)-SPD), (-)-tetrahydropalmatine ((-)-THP) and tetrahydroberberine (THB), have been demonstrated to be a new class of DA antagonists in biochemical and n...Tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPBs), including (-)-stepholidine ((-)-SPD), (-)-tetrahydropalmatine ((-)-THP) and tetrahydroberberine (THB), have been demonstrated to be a new class of DA antagonists in biochemical and neuropharmacological studies. In this paper, the antagonistic action of THPBs was examined by means of single unit recording from nigral DA neuron in chloral hydrate-anesthetized and gallamine-paralyzed rats. Intravenous injection of these compounds could promptly and completely reverse the inhibition of the spontaneous firing induced by DA agonist apomorphine (APO) in a dose-dependent way. Pretreatment with (-)-SPD, (-)-THP or THB could significantly reduce the inhibitory effect of APO and shift the dose-action curve to the right. Besides, the compounds could increase the spontaneous firing of DA neurons. The above results not only strongly support the conclusion that (-)-SPD, (-)-THP and THB are DA antagonists, but also demonstrate that one of their blocking sites is at somatodendritic DA autoreceptors (D-2 receptors). In other words, (-)-SPD did not exhibit any DA agonistic action in this acute electrophysiological study, although its DA agonistic action can be demonstrated in rotational behavior of 6-oHDA-lesioned rats. The dual actions of (-)-SPD, dependent upon different experimental conditions, are discussed.展开更多
文摘Presynaptic modulation Of [3H] GABA release was examined using rat cerebral cortical slices. In vitro addition of muscimol, a GABAA receptor agonist, resulted in a significant suppression of the release of [3H] GABA evoked evoked by high potassium stimulation in a dose dependent manner, whereas beclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, had no significant effect on the release. Furthermore, it was found that the suppressive effect of muscimol could be antagonized invariably by bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist. These results suggest that the release of [3H] GABA from rat cerebral conical GABA neurous may be modulated by presynaptic GABAA autoreceptor.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of D-AP5 (D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate, a specific NMDA-antagonist) on the increase of intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i) induced by glutamate in isolated cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs), and to detect the autoreceptors of the IHC membrane. Methods When a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) was used, the exogenous glutamate (Glu)-induced changes in [Ca 2+ ] i of isolated IHCs and OHCs of guinea pig cochlea were observed with fluo-3, a fluorescent probe for [Ca 2+ ] i. After D-AP5 or CNQX (6--cyano--7--nitroguinoxaline--2, 3--dione, a specific AMPA- antagonist) was administrated, the exogenous glutamate (Glu)-induced changes in [Ca 2+ ] i of isolated IHCs were recorded. Results In the presence of a low concentration Glu (3.85?μmol/L), there was an increase of [Ca 2+ ] i in IHCs, whereas there was no change in OHCs. When 50?μmol/L of D-AP5 was administrated in advance, Glu did not induce a corresponding increase in [Ca 2+ ] i in IHCs, and 50?μmol/L of CNQX did not completely block the increase of [Ca 2+ ] i in IHCs. Conclusions These results suggest that the autoreceptors existing in the IHC membrane are mainly of NMDA type, while there are relatively few AMPA receptors. Exogenous Glu is capable of increasing [Ca 2+ ] i in IHCs by acting on the NMDA autoreceptor of IHCs in a positive feedback manner.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 3870905).
文摘Tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPBs), including (-)-stepholidine ((-)-SPD), (-)-tetrahydropalmatine ((-)-THP) and tetrahydroberberine (THB), have been demonstrated to be a new class of DA antagonists in biochemical and neuropharmacological studies. In this paper, the antagonistic action of THPBs was examined by means of single unit recording from nigral DA neuron in chloral hydrate-anesthetized and gallamine-paralyzed rats. Intravenous injection of these compounds could promptly and completely reverse the inhibition of the spontaneous firing induced by DA agonist apomorphine (APO) in a dose-dependent way. Pretreatment with (-)-SPD, (-)-THP or THB could significantly reduce the inhibitory effect of APO and shift the dose-action curve to the right. Besides, the compounds could increase the spontaneous firing of DA neurons. The above results not only strongly support the conclusion that (-)-SPD, (-)-THP and THB are DA antagonists, but also demonstrate that one of their blocking sites is at somatodendritic DA autoreceptors (D-2 receptors). In other words, (-)-SPD did not exhibit any DA agonistic action in this acute electrophysiological study, although its DA agonistic action can be demonstrated in rotational behavior of 6-oHDA-lesioned rats. The dual actions of (-)-SPD, dependent upon different experimental conditions, are discussed.
