Study of Sorption Properties of Anion Exchangers with Long-Chained Cross-Linking Agents for Tungsten Hydrometallurgy

The macroporous anion exchangers with long-chained cross-linking agents were investigated for the tungsten recovery from salt solutions.The physical-chemical characteristics of these sorbents were studied by means of sorption-desorption experiment aswell as electron and IR-spectroscopy.The anion exchangers on the basis of macroporous copolymers of methylacrylate and divinyl-ester of diethyleneglycol or tetravinyl-ester of pentaerythritol possess the exchange capacity to tungsten 2--5 times greater than the porous anion exchangers on the basis of styrene and divinylbenzene,therefore they can be used for selective tungsten recovery from comulex salt solutions.

Effect of Cross-linking Agent on Barbituric Acid-initiated Resin

To improve the tensile bond strength of denim bonding agents, the adhesion between denim and MMA resin was investigated by applying initiator systems containing 1-cyclohexyl-5-ethyl barbituric acid (CEB), copper acetyl acetonate (CAA), quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC). cupric ion, with the addition of TEGDMA, an.d pretreatment solution for denim, and an HEMA primer. The effects of a cross-linking agent on barbituric acid-initiated denim bonding resin were examined by measuring degree of conversion, molecular weight, hardness of bonding resin, and tensile bond strengths.

Degradable preformed particle gel as temporary plugging agent for low-temperature unconventional petroleum reservoirs:Effect of molecular weight of the cross-linking agent

The development of unconventional petroleum resources has gradually become an important succession for increasing oil production.However,the related engineers and researchers are paying more and more attention to the application of temporary plugging agents(TPAs)for their efficient development.TPAs can expand the stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)and facilitate the flow of oil and gas to the bottom of the well.Particle-gels used as temporary plugging agents have the characteristics of the simple injection process,good deformation,high plugging strength,and complete self-degradation performance,which have been widely applied in recent years.In this paper,five samples of DPPG polymerized by different molecular weights of cross-linking agents were prepared.In addition,infrared spectroscopy analysis,differential calorimetry scanning(DSC)analysis,static particle gel swelling and degradation performance evaluation experiments,and dynamic temporary plugging performance experiments in cores were conducted at 34°C.Results show that as the molecular weight of the cross-linking agent(at 0.01 g)in the DPPG molecule decreased from 1,000 to 200 Da,the fewer cross-linking sites of DPPG,the looser the microscopic three-dimensional mesh structure formed.The swelling ratio increased from 7 to 33 times.However,the complete degradation time increased from 40 to 210 min.Moreover,the DSC results confirmed that the higher the molecular weight of the cross-linking agent,the worse is chemical stability and the more prone it to self-degradation.DPPG samples had good temporary plugging performance in reservoir cores.DPPGs prepared by the cross-linking agent with smaller molecular weight has a stronger swelling ratio,higher gel strength,and greater plugging strength in the core permeabilities.Moreover,the degraded DPPG is less damaging to the cores.However,their slower degradation rates take a slightly longer times to reach complete degradation.The results of this paper can provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the development of particle gel-type temporary plugging agents(TPA)with controllable degradation time in low-temperature reservoirs.It can help to expand the application range of existing DPPG reservoir conditions.

Blends of hydrophobic and swelling agents in the swelling layer in the preparation of delayed-release pellets of a hydrophilic drug with low MW: Physicochemical characterizations and in-vivo evaluations

In this study,a hydrophobic material,ethylcellulose,which was used as its aqueous suspension Surelease^(®),was combined with a swelling agent as the swelling layer to prepare delayed-release pellets for Danshensu,which is a hydrophilic drug with low MW.A rupturable,delayed-release pellet consists of a drug core,a swelling layer containing a swelling agent(cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose)with a hydrophobic agent(Surelease^(®)),and a controlled layer composed by an insoluble,water-permeable polymeric coating(aqueous ethylcellulose dispersions)was developed in a fluidised bed.Results showed that blending Surelease^(®)into the swelling layer could effectively extend the release of Danshensu from the pellets,which may be attributed to the slowed swelling rate by reduction of water penetration and improvement of mechanical integrity of the swelling layer.Drug in the delayed pellets showed sustained release in beagle dogs after oral administration with comparable in-vivo exposure to the uncoated drug pellets.In conclusion,blends of hydrophobic and swelling agents in the swelling layer in doublemembrane pellets could achieve a delayed drug-release profile in vitro,as well as delayed and sustained absorption in vivo for highly soluble,low-MW drug.The present study highlighted the potential use of a delayed-release system for other hydrophilic,low-MW drugs to meet the formulation requirements for chronopharmacological diseases.

Nanoparticle foaming agents for major gas fields in China

The conventional foaming agents have the problems of poor adaptability and high cost during the application in different types of gas fields,especially in high temperature,high salinity,high acidic gas and high condensate oil and gas fields.In this study,the Gemini foaming agent was used as the main agent to enhance foaming and foam stability of the foaming agent,the grafted nanoparticles were used as foam stabilizer to further improve the foam stability,and the characteristic auxiliaries were added to make the foaming agent suitable for different types of gas reservoirs.Two types and six subtypes of nanoparticle foaming agents have been prepared for the main gas fields of China.The experimental evaluation results show that the overall temperature resistance,salinity resistance,H2S resistance,CO2 resistance and condensate resistance of the nanoparticle foaming agents can reach 160℃,250000 mg/L,100 mg/L,100%and 40%,respectively.The new foaming agents have been used in 8685 wells in China.Compared with conventional foaming agent,the average gas flow rate per well increased by 62.48%,the pressure difference(casing-tubing)decreased by 18.9%,and the cost dropped by 45%.The effect of reducing cost and increasing efficiency is obvious.

Preparation of Controllable Cross-Linking Polyethylene Foaming Materials and Their Properties

In order to prepare the polyethylene materials with controlling properties,we developed two kinds of controllable cross-linking polyethylene foaming system.2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (tert-butyl peroxy) hexane was used as cross-linking agent and TEMPO as cross-linking inhibitor,azodicarbonamide (AC) was used as foaming agent and citric acid as foaming promoter.The density,expansion ratio,cellular structure and mechanical property of these two kinds of controllable materials were studied.Experimental results show that,properties of these two kinds of materials appear similar trend:cellular size and expansion ratio are enlarged with the amount of cross-linking inhibitor or foaming promoter increasing,while density and mechanical strength appear decreasing trend.Through comparing those two material systems’ properties,cross-linking polyethelene foaming system with citric acid as foaming promoter has better properties.

考虑多分区无功电压优化的多Agent系统

针对电网分区管理的特点,采用以管理分区为计算单元的新的三级组织结构,将管理分区与优化分区有机结合起来,构建了多Agent系统。采用分解协调模型和辅助问题原理作为多Agent系统的算法,各分区并行计算,通过数据驱动的模型进行多Agent间的协商、协调,完成全网优化计算。文中以枣庄地区电网为例,建立了该系统的优化运行机制以及对现有多分区系统进行无功优化的方法。实际应用表明,该系统比不考虑多分区的优化方案加快了优化速度,降低了网损,提高了电压水平,为多Agent系统在大型电网无功电压优化中的应用提供了更加实用化的解决方案。

基于改进合同网的多Agent系统协作机理研究

针对传统合同网协作模型的不足和舰船动力辅助系统的特点,从三个方面对合同网加以改进,给出了一种适合于舰船动力辅助系统多Agent控制系统的改进合同网模型,该模型不但能够提高协作效率,而且能够有效的解决被控系统在突发事件和故障状态下的交互协作问题.以简化的冷却水系统为例,以JADE为开发平台,将该模型应用于其多Agent控制系统开发中,通过仿真模拟了Agent之间的协作过程,并将协作结果与理论结果比较验证了其正确性,为深入研究多Agent系统的协作机理提供了通用的方法.

动力辅助系统分布式多Agent控制理论与试验研究

针对船舶动力辅助系统复杂性和分布式的特点以及复杂环境中不确定条件下自治控制的需求,提出了将分布式多Agent控制方法应用于动力辅助系统控制系统。在此基础上,结合某船冷却水系统,建立了多Agent控制结构,研究了Agent之间的协作模型,并通过将各个Agent功能及协作算法以软件的形式嵌入在欧姆龙CJ2M型PLC中,开发了其控制器。为了验证控制器的有效性,搭建了控制系统硬件在环仿真试验平台,并通过模拟两种典型场景得到了可视化的试验结果。结果表明,该控制方法大大提高了系统的自治水平和鲁棒性。

基于黑板的多Agent体育训练管理DSS系统设计

目前我国的体育训练管理中仍然存在着不科学、训练目的性不强、辅助决策手段落后等缺点。将Agent和DSS技术运用到系统当中,设计出一个基于黑板的多Agent智能体育训练管理决策支持系统方案,并进行具体的实施,从而有效地提高了决策系统的准确性和智能性。

改进的辅助粒子多Agent系统信息融合滤波算法

为克服多Agent系统的非线性问题,提高多Agent系统对信息的协同合作能力,提出一种改进的辅助粒子信息融合滤波算法。该算法通过分析多Agent系统的结构,根据正交小波多尺度分析理论对系统内Agent的信息进行分解、重构,给出以Agent信息为重要采样密度函数的辅助粒子滤波算法,并对滤波结果进行特征融合,得到多Agent系统融合特征。将此算法应用到机动目标跟踪领域,并与传统的滤波算法进行对比,仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。

Study on a new nano-dispersing agent and its effect for increasing suspension ability of alcohol-based coatings

A study for further improving the suspension rate of alcohol-based coatings using a new nano-dispersing agent has been presented in this paper. The results of experiments show that the new nano-dispersing agent should be used in combination with organic auxiliary agent which significantly increases the suspension effect of alcohol-based coatings. By the methods, the suspension rates of 99%, 98%, 96% and 94% can be achieved at 2h, 2h, 48h and 72h, respectively. These alcohol-based coatings have characters of higher strength, lower gas evolution, better brush ability and no blister after ignition.

Performance Analysis of a Profile Control Agent for Waste Drilling Fluid Treatment

A method for the treatment of hazardous waste drilling fluids,potentially leading to environmental pollution,is considered.The waste drilling fluid is treated with an inorganic flocculant,an organic flocculant,and a pH regulator.The profile control agent consists of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide,formaldehyde,hexamethylenetetramine,resorcinol,phenol,and the treated waste drilling fluid itself.For a waste drilling fluid concentration of 2500 mg/L,the gelling time of the profile control agent is 25 h,and the gelling strength is 32,000 mPa.s.Compared with the profile control agent prepared by recirculated water under the same conditions,the present profile control agent displays better stability,salt-resistance,and performance.

基于多代理强化学习的多新型市场主体虚拟电厂博弈竞价及效益分配策略

目前新型市场主体规模较小但数量众多,为提高竞争力可以使其组成联盟以多新型市场主体虚拟电厂的形式参与市场博弈,而公平的效益分配方法是维持联盟稳定的基础。为此,该文提出了一种多新型市场主体虚拟电厂博弈竞价及效益分配策略。首先,考虑多新型市场主体虚拟电厂和传统机组均作为价格影响者,构建包含电能量和备用辅助服务的主辅联合市场交易模型,并在不完全信息市场环境下采用多代理强化学习(multi-agentreinforcementlearning,MADDPG)算法求解。其次,采用分布式联盟构造方法得到最优多新型市场主体联盟结构。为解决效益分配方法中的维数灾问题,引入蒙特卡洛近似夏普利值,对虚拟电厂内各新型市场主体的超额收益进行合理分配。最后,算例分析表明所提方法给出了多新型主体虚拟电厂参与主辅联合市场的最优联盟结构和竞价策略,在保证精度的前提下提高了超额收益分配的计算速度,与单独参与市场相比提高了所有新型市场主体的收益。

基于智能体建模的新型电力系统下火电企业市场交易策略

高比例新能源渗透情景下火电企业竞价策略研究对保障火电企业运营和推进新型电力系统建设具有重要意义。基于智能体建模框架,建立电力现货市场仿真模型和机组自学习决策模型。其中,环境模块建立了考虑源荷双侧不确定性的风光火储多方参与的电力现货市场出清模型;智能体模块将火电机组投标决策过程刻画为部分观测马尔科夫决策过程,采用深度确定性策略梯度算法求解。以HRP-38节点系统为例进行仿真分析,明晰高比例新能源下火电企业市场交易策略。结果表明:在不考虑火电机组提供辅助服务的前提下,随着新能源渗透率的提高,仍有部分位置独特且具有成本优势的火电机组拥有竞争力;预测误差增大将使大容量火电机组投标策略趋于保守,而小容量机组投标策略相反;火电机组在各类场景下均具有隐性共谋倾向,即彼此隐藏信息时仍同时提高报价。

Solvent extraction and separation of light rare earth elements (La, Pr and Nd) in the presence of lactic acid as a complexing agent by Cyanex 272 in kerosene and the effect of citric acid,acetic acid and Titriplex Ⅲ as auxiliary agents

At present, the use of rare earth elements（REEs） has become an inevitable necessity in many modern industries. In general, liquid extraction is the best commercial method for extracting REEs due to its ability to control high volumes of liquids with electrical load. With the aim of improving a separation technology that would be superior to the existing extraction systems, the extraction behaviors of La（Ⅲ）,Pr（Ⅲ）, and Nd（Ⅲ） from an HCI medium with Cyanex 272 in the presence of the complexing agent lactic acid（HLac） and auxiliary agents citric acid（H3 Cit）, acetic acid（HAc）, and Titriplex Ⅲ have been reported.The effect of pH and lactic acid concentration has been examined. The use of lactic acid as a complexing agent leading to a high extraction of REEs with Cyanex 272 at pH = 5 was compared with systems without lactic acid. The results show that the use of acetic acid along with lactic acid leads to an increase in the extraction percentage of LREEs. While use of citric acid and Titriplex Ⅲ reduces the extraction percentage of LREEs. Finally, the presence of Titriplex Ⅲ together with lactic acid could lead to an increase in the separation factor of Pr and Nd.

不同助剂对无机内墙涂料稳定性及成膜性的影响

[目的]以硅酸盐溶液作为主要成膜剂的无机内墙涂料存在贮存稳定性与成膜性能差的技术缺陷。[方法]以硅酸钾溶液和苯丙乳液作为主要成膜物,采用共混法制备无机内墙涂料,研究了不同分散剂、增稠剂、稳定剂和消泡剂对涂料黏度、防流挂性和涂层表观的影响。[结果]确定了制备无机内墙涂料的最佳工艺参数为:六偏磷酸钠(分散剂)0.4%(质量分数,下同),羟丙基甲基纤维素0.1%,黄原胶0.1%,聚氨酯类增稠剂0.5%~1.0%,季铵盐类稳定剂0.5%,矿物油类消泡剂0.5%。[结论]该涂料具有较好的贮存稳定性及成膜性能,能够满足相关国家标准的要求。

分布式电源对电力系统电压无功优化影响的研究

为研究分布式电源接入电力系统后的电压和无功优化问题,提出基于多代理系统(MAS)的一种电压无功优化协调控制新方法。以系统网损最小为目标,同时考虑电压稳定性,通过MAS构建以辅助问题原理进行分区分布式计算的电压无功优化协调控制模型,并通过分区并行求解获得全局最优解,得到最优网损和节点电压稳定数据;研究单个和多个分布式电源接入后,系统电压无功变化情况,通过分析得出分布式电源的最佳接入位置,即分布式电源从此点接入对系统电压无功的影响效果最好。最后,利用EPRI-36节点系统进行仿真计算,结果证明了所提方法的合理性与正确性。

浅析催化裂化烟气中NO_(x)的形成与治理

本文分析了重叠两段再生催化裂化装置外排烟气中NO_(x)的形成原因,并结合南方某炼油厂催化裂化装置,提出了采用原油加工、操作调整和运用助剂三种措施治理降氮。最后对两种脱硝助剂进行了比较,找到更适用于该炼油厂脱硝使用的助剂。

草莓采后壳聚糖处理对其耐贮性的影响

两种分子量的壳聚糖配合和添加助剂涂膜 ,处理采后草莓果实。结果表明 :贮藏草莓失水率、腐烂率和发霉率显著减少 (P <0 .0 1) ;可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和Vc等含量以及糖酸比的降低幅度变小 (P <0 .0 5) ;果实CO2 和乙烯释放量减少 ,SOD活性提高 ,细胞膜透性变小 ,MDA含量降低 ,与对照相比均达到显著水平 (P <0 .0 1)。壳聚糖添加助剂涂膜处理 。