In order to reveal the mechanism of silicon(Si)fertilizer in improving nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)nutrient availability in paddy soil,we designed a series of soil culture experiments by combining application of varyi...In order to reveal the mechanism of silicon(Si)fertilizer in improving nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)nutrient availability in paddy soil,we designed a series of soil culture experiments by combining application of varying Si fertilizer concentrations with fixed N and P fertilizer concentrations.Following the recommendations of fertilizer manufacturers and local farmers,we applied Si in concentrations of 0,5.2,10.4,15.6,and 20.8μg/kg.At each concentration of added Si,the availability of soil N and P nutrients,soil microbial activity,numbers of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and P-decomposing bacteria which means that the organic P is decomposed into inorganic nutrients which can be absorbed and utilized by plants,and urease and phosphatase activity first increased,and then decreased,as Si was added to the soil.These indicators reached their highest levels with a Si application rate of 15.6μg/kg,showing values respectively 19.78%,105.09%,8.34%,73.12%,130.36%,28.12%,and 20.15%higher than those of the controls.Appropriate Si application(10.4 to 15.6µg/kg)could significantly increase the richness of the soil microbial community involved in cycling of N and P nutrients in the soil.When the Si application rate was 15.6μg/kg,parameters for characterizing microbial abundance such as sequence numbers,operational taxonomic unit(OTU)number,and correlation indices of microbial community richness such as Chao1 index,the adaptive coherence estimator(ACE)index,Shannon index,and Simpson index all reached maximum values,with amounts increased by 14.46%,10.01%,23.80%,30.54%,0.18%,and 2.64%,respectively,compared with the control group.There is also a good correlation between N and P mineralization and addition of Si fertilizer.The correlation coefficients between the ratio of available P/total P(AP/TP)and the number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AP/TP and acid phosphatase activity(AcPA),AP/TP and the Shannon index,the ratio of available N/total amount of N(AN/TN)and the number of ammoniated bacteria,and AN/TN and AcPA were 0.9290,0.9508,0.9202,0.9140,and 0.9366,respectively.In summary,these results revealed that enhancement of soil microbial community structure diversity and soil microbial activity by appropriate application of Si is the key ecological mechanism by which application of Si fertilizer improves N and P nutrient availability.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to find an efficient method to measure available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in vegetable seedling substrate. [ Method] The suitable dosage of leaching agent, ratio of the substr...[Objective] The aim was to find an efficient method to measure available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in vegetable seedling substrate. [ Method] The suitable dosage of leaching agent, ratio of the substrate to water and leaching time for the detection of nutrient contents in the substrate by a soil nutrient measuring instrument were discussed firstly, and then the results of nutrient contents measured by the soil nutrient measuring instrument were compared with that by conventional approaches. [ Result] In compadson with the conventional methods, the av- erage content of available nitrogen measured by the soil nutrient measuring instrument was slightly higher, while the average content of available phosphorus measured by the instrument was lower; the average content of available potassium measured by the instrument was close to that by the conventional method. [ Conclusion] This study could provide us a new method to detect available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in seedling substrate efficiently.展开更多
Forest recovery may be influenced by several factors, of which fire is the most critical.However, moderate-and long-term effects of fire on forest recovery are less researched in Northwest China.Thus, the effects of d...Forest recovery may be influenced by several factors, of which fire is the most critical.However, moderate-and long-term effects of fire on forest recovery are less researched in Northwest China.Thus, the effects of different forest recovery time after fire(1917(served as the control), 1974, 1983 and 1995) and fire severities(low, moderate and high) on larch(Larix sibirica Ledeb.) forest were investigated in the Kanas National Nature Reserve(KNNR), Northwest China in 2017.This paper analyzed post-fire changes in stand density, total basal area(TBA), litter mass, soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil nutrients(total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium) with one-way analyses of variance.Results indicate that litter mass, TBA, SOC and soil nutrients increased with increasing recovery time after fire and decreasing fire severity, while the stand density showed an opposite response.The effects of fire disturbance on SOC and soil nutrients decreased with increasing soil depth.Moreover, we found that the time of more than 43 a is needed to recover the litter mass, TBA, SOC and soil nutrients to the pre-fire level.In conclusion, high-severity fire caused the greatest variations in stand structure and soil of larch forest, and low-severity fire was more advantageous for post-fire forest stand structure and soil recovery in the KNNR.Therefore, low-severity fire can be an efficient management mean through reducing the accumulation of forest floor fuel of post-fire forests in the KNNR, Northwest China.展开更多
In order to explore the effects of different silicon preparations on the soil fertility of paddy fields,a pot experiment with Dongnong 427 was carried on.Different types of silicon preparations,including Si-50-G,Si-60...In order to explore the effects of different silicon preparations on the soil fertility of paddy fields,a pot experiment with Dongnong 427 was carried on.Different types of silicon preparations,including Si-50-G,Si-60-G,Si-RH,Si-50 and Si-60,were sprayed on the leaves of rice at the tillering stage,and CK was set in the control stage.The contents of alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and available silicon in soil were determined in the tillering stage,booting stage and maturity stage of rice.The results showed that spraying different silicon preparations at the tillering stage could promote the activation and release of soil available nutrients in different degrees.展开更多
The accurate assessment of the spatiotemporal changes in soil nutrients influenced by agricultural production provides the basis for development of management strategies to maintain soil fertility and balance soil nut...The accurate assessment of the spatiotemporal changes in soil nutrients influenced by agricultural production provides the basis for development of management strategies to maintain soil fertility and balance soil nutrients. In this paper, we combined spatial measurements from 2 157 soil samples and geostatistical analysis to assess the spatiotemporal changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium content (AK) from the first soil survey (in the 1980s) to the second soil survey (in the 2000s) in the Taihu region of Jiangsu Province in China. The results showed that average soil nutrients in three soil types all exhibited the increased levels in the 2000s (except for AK in the yellow brown soil). The standard deviation of soil nutrient contents increased (except for TN in the paddy soil). Agricultural production in the 20 years led to increases in SOC, TN, AP and AK by 74, 82, 89 and 65%, respectively, of the Taihu areas analyzed. From the 1980s to 2000s all the nugget/sill ratios of soil nutrients indices were between 25 and 75% (except for AK in the yellow brown soil in the 2000s), indicating moderate spatial dependence. The ratio of AP in the yellow brown soil in the 2000s was 88.74%, showing weak spatial dependence. The spatial correlation range values for SOC, TN, AP and AK in the 2000s all decreased. The main areas showing declines in SOC, TN and AP were in the northwest. For AK, the main region with declining levels was in the east and middle of western areas. Apparently, the increase in soil nutrients in the Taihu region can be mainly attributed to the large increase in fertilizer inputs, change in crop systems and enhanced residues management since the 1980s. Future emphasis should be placed on avoiding excess fertilizer inputs and balancing the effects of the fertilizers in soils.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the activation effect of hydrochemical energy in regenerative agriculture on the nutrients of arsenic sandstone.[Methods]Starting from common environmental factors,moisture,it studied the mechanis...[Objectives]To study the activation effect of hydrochemical energy in regenerative agriculture on the nutrients of arsenic sandstone.[Methods]Starting from common environmental factors,moisture,it studied the mechanism of the release and activation of N,P,K nutrient elements in arsenic sandstone under different dry and wet environments.[Results]Water played a positive role in activating soil elements.Under the conditions of long-term dryness and alternating dry and wet conditions,the content of total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium coexisted in the 210 d of culture and the element absorption and release,but the overall trend was increasing;under long-term flooding conditions,the content of total nitrogen and available potassium showed an overall increasing trend during the 210 d of culture,but the content of available phosphorus decreased.[Conclusions]Water plays a positive effect on activating soil elements.The research results are expected to provide a certain reference for the application research of water in regenerative agriculture.展开更多
Soil nutrient heterogeneity highly correlates to plant growth and development of environmen-tal quality.In order to better understand nutrient cycling,heterogeneity’of soil nutrients and their driving mechanism in di...Soil nutrient heterogeneity highly correlates to plant growth and development of environmen-tal quality.In order to better understand nutrient cycling,heterogeneity’of soil nutrients and their driving mechanism in different land use types were summarized from 1945 to 2016.By grouping keywords indexed in the titles of articles from the data base of Web of Science,two hundred and thirty’one publications related to our topics were used for analysis.Soil sampling and statistical method were compared,and spatial dependence and the impact factors for soil organic matter(SOM),Nitrogen(N),Phosphorus(P)and Potassium(K).The results showed that soil nutrient heterogeneity was influenced by different factors at different scales.The spa-tial dependence of SOM,N and P were mainly at the moderate level(48.9-59.0%)and strong level(33.3-42.2%),while for K was at strong level(63.6-84.6%)and moderate level(15.4-36.4%).This was mainly influenced by topography,soil loss,weather condition,parent materi-al,soil type,soil texture,land use,human activities,soil moisture,mineral element,soil struc-ture,animal and plant.These impact factors were summarized separately,and the influence of factors at different spatiotemporal scales was discussed.At the end of the review,the ideas for further research were postulated.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2016YFD0200800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571226).
文摘In order to reveal the mechanism of silicon(Si)fertilizer in improving nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)nutrient availability in paddy soil,we designed a series of soil culture experiments by combining application of varying Si fertilizer concentrations with fixed N and P fertilizer concentrations.Following the recommendations of fertilizer manufacturers and local farmers,we applied Si in concentrations of 0,5.2,10.4,15.6,and 20.8μg/kg.At each concentration of added Si,the availability of soil N and P nutrients,soil microbial activity,numbers of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and P-decomposing bacteria which means that the organic P is decomposed into inorganic nutrients which can be absorbed and utilized by plants,and urease and phosphatase activity first increased,and then decreased,as Si was added to the soil.These indicators reached their highest levels with a Si application rate of 15.6μg/kg,showing values respectively 19.78%,105.09%,8.34%,73.12%,130.36%,28.12%,and 20.15%higher than those of the controls.Appropriate Si application(10.4 to 15.6µg/kg)could significantly increase the richness of the soil microbial community involved in cycling of N and P nutrients in the soil.When the Si application rate was 15.6μg/kg,parameters for characterizing microbial abundance such as sequence numbers,operational taxonomic unit(OTU)number,and correlation indices of microbial community richness such as Chao1 index,the adaptive coherence estimator(ACE)index,Shannon index,and Simpson index all reached maximum values,with amounts increased by 14.46%,10.01%,23.80%,30.54%,0.18%,and 2.64%,respectively,compared with the control group.There is also a good correlation between N and P mineralization and addition of Si fertilizer.The correlation coefficients between the ratio of available P/total P(AP/TP)and the number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AP/TP and acid phosphatase activity(AcPA),AP/TP and the Shannon index,the ratio of available N/total amount of N(AN/TN)and the number of ammoniated bacteria,and AN/TN and AcPA were 0.9290,0.9508,0.9202,0.9140,and 0.9366,respectively.In summary,these results revealed that enhancement of soil microbial community structure diversity and soil microbial activity by appropriate application of Si is the key ecological mechanism by which application of Si fertilizer improves N and P nutrient availability.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Project of Public Welfare Industry(Agriculture)(201303014-01)Science and Technology Innovation Team of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(14C0314)the Dean’s Youth Innovation Fund from Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(15B0331)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to find an efficient method to measure available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in vegetable seedling substrate. [ Method] The suitable dosage of leaching agent, ratio of the substrate to water and leaching time for the detection of nutrient contents in the substrate by a soil nutrient measuring instrument were discussed firstly, and then the results of nutrient contents measured by the soil nutrient measuring instrument were compared with that by conventional approaches. [ Result] In compadson with the conventional methods, the av- erage content of available nitrogen measured by the soil nutrient measuring instrument was slightly higher, while the average content of available phosphorus measured by the instrument was lower; the average content of available potassium measured by the instrument was close to that by the conventional method. [ Conclusion] This study could provide us a new method to detect available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in seedling substrate efficiently.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570634)the Project of Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational College (XJNZYKJ201712)
文摘Forest recovery may be influenced by several factors, of which fire is the most critical.However, moderate-and long-term effects of fire on forest recovery are less researched in Northwest China.Thus, the effects of different forest recovery time after fire(1917(served as the control), 1974, 1983 and 1995) and fire severities(low, moderate and high) on larch(Larix sibirica Ledeb.) forest were investigated in the Kanas National Nature Reserve(KNNR), Northwest China in 2017.This paper analyzed post-fire changes in stand density, total basal area(TBA), litter mass, soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil nutrients(total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium) with one-way analyses of variance.Results indicate that litter mass, TBA, SOC and soil nutrients increased with increasing recovery time after fire and decreasing fire severity, while the stand density showed an opposite response.The effects of fire disturbance on SOC and soil nutrients decreased with increasing soil depth.Moreover, we found that the time of more than 43 a is needed to recover the litter mass, TBA, SOC and soil nutrients to the pre-fire level.In conclusion, high-severity fire caused the greatest variations in stand structure and soil of larch forest, and low-severity fire was more advantageous for post-fire forest stand structure and soil recovery in the KNNR.Therefore, low-severity fire can be an efficient management mean through reducing the accumulation of forest floor fuel of post-fire forests in the KNNR, Northwest China.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31340032)。
文摘In order to explore the effects of different silicon preparations on the soil fertility of paddy fields,a pot experiment with Dongnong 427 was carried on.Different types of silicon preparations,including Si-50-G,Si-60-G,Si-RH,Si-50 and Si-60,were sprayed on the leaves of rice at the tillering stage,and CK was set in the control stage.The contents of alkali nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and available silicon in soil were determined in the tillering stage,booting stage and maturity stage of rice.The results showed that spraying different silicon preparations at the tillering stage could promote the activation and release of soil available nutrients in different degrees.
基金the funding support from the New Century Exceptional Talent Program of China(NCET-08-0797)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(2013AA100404)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB118608)the CSIRO-Chinese Ministry of Education(MOE)PhD Research Fellowship Programthe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China
文摘The accurate assessment of the spatiotemporal changes in soil nutrients influenced by agricultural production provides the basis for development of management strategies to maintain soil fertility and balance soil nutrients. In this paper, we combined spatial measurements from 2 157 soil samples and geostatistical analysis to assess the spatiotemporal changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium content (AK) from the first soil survey (in the 1980s) to the second soil survey (in the 2000s) in the Taihu region of Jiangsu Province in China. The results showed that average soil nutrients in three soil types all exhibited the increased levels in the 2000s (except for AK in the yellow brown soil). The standard deviation of soil nutrient contents increased (except for TN in the paddy soil). Agricultural production in the 20 years led to increases in SOC, TN, AP and AK by 74, 82, 89 and 65%, respectively, of the Taihu areas analyzed. From the 1980s to 2000s all the nugget/sill ratios of soil nutrients indices were between 25 and 75% (except for AK in the yellow brown soil in the 2000s), indicating moderate spatial dependence. The ratio of AP in the yellow brown soil in the 2000s was 88.74%, showing weak spatial dependence. The spatial correlation range values for SOC, TN, AP and AK in the 2000s all decreased. The main areas showing declines in SOC, TN and AP were in the northwest. For AK, the main region with declining levels was in the east and middle of western areas. Apparently, the increase in soil nutrients in the Taihu region can be mainly attributed to the large increase in fertilizer inputs, change in crop systems and enhanced residues management since the 1980s. Future emphasis should be placed on avoiding excess fertilizer inputs and balancing the effects of the fertilizers in soils.
文摘[Objectives]To study the activation effect of hydrochemical energy in regenerative agriculture on the nutrients of arsenic sandstone.[Methods]Starting from common environmental factors,moisture,it studied the mechanism of the release and activation of N,P,K nutrient elements in arsenic sandstone under different dry and wet environments.[Results]Water played a positive role in activating soil elements.Under the conditions of long-term dryness and alternating dry and wet conditions,the content of total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium coexisted in the 210 d of culture and the element absorption and release,but the overall trend was increasing;under long-term flooding conditions,the content of total nitrogen and available potassium showed an overall increasing trend during the 210 d of culture,but the content of available phosphorus decreased.[Conclusions]Water plays a positive effect on activating soil elements.The research results are expected to provide a certain reference for the application research of water in regenerative agriculture.
基金the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471228,41771313)China Scholarship Council(201606615020).
文摘Soil nutrient heterogeneity highly correlates to plant growth and development of environmen-tal quality.In order to better understand nutrient cycling,heterogeneity’of soil nutrients and their driving mechanism in different land use types were summarized from 1945 to 2016.By grouping keywords indexed in the titles of articles from the data base of Web of Science,two hundred and thirty’one publications related to our topics were used for analysis.Soil sampling and statistical method were compared,and spatial dependence and the impact factors for soil organic matter(SOM),Nitrogen(N),Phosphorus(P)and Potassium(K).The results showed that soil nutrient heterogeneity was influenced by different factors at different scales.The spa-tial dependence of SOM,N and P were mainly at the moderate level(48.9-59.0%)and strong level(33.3-42.2%),while for K was at strong level(63.6-84.6%)and moderate level(15.4-36.4%).This was mainly influenced by topography,soil loss,weather condition,parent materi-al,soil type,soil texture,land use,human activities,soil moisture,mineral element,soil struc-ture,animal and plant.These impact factors were summarized separately,and the influence of factors at different spatiotemporal scales was discussed.At the end of the review,the ideas for further research were postulated.