An Improved Non-isolated LED Converter with Power Factor Correction and Average Current Mode Control

A new type of high power LED drivers is proposed by adopting an improved two-stages non-isolated configuration. In order to improve power factor and achieve accurate average current control under universal input voltages ranging from 100 Vrms to 240 Vrms, the power factor correction and average current mode control methods operating in continuous current conduction mode are designed and implemented. With the LUMILEDS emitter type LEDs, a laboratory prototype is built and measured. And from the measured results, it could be concluded that the proposed driver has many better performances such as high power factor, low current harmonic, accurate average current control and switch protection.

Investigations of Tracking Phenomena in Silicone Rubber Using Moving Average Current Technique

In the present work, tracking phenomenon in Silicone rubber material has beenstudied under AC and DC voltage, with ammonium chloride as a contaminant. It is observed that thetracking is more severe under the DC voltages. The tracking time is less under negative DC comparedto the positive DC voltage. The tracking mechanism is explained in detail. The leakage currentduring the tracking studies was as measured and the moving average technique was adopted tounderstand the trend in current flow. The leakage current magnitude is high with thermally agedspecimens compared to the virgin specimen, irrespective of the type of applied voltage. It isrealized that the tracking time and the leakage current magnitude shows an inverse relationship.

Experimental Assessment of the Battery Lifetime in WSN Based on the <i>Duty</i>-<i>Cycle</i><i>Current</i><i>Average</i>Method

A great amount of work addressed methods for predicting the battery lifetime in wireless sensor systems. In spite of these efforts, the reported experimental results demonstrate that the duty-cycle current average method, which is widely used to this aim, fails in accurately estimating the battery life time of most of the presented wireless sensor system applications. The aim of this paper is to experimentally assess the duty-cycle current average method in order to give more effective insight on the effectiveness of the method. An electronic metering system, based on a dedicated PCB, has been designed and developed to experimentally measure node current consumption profiles and charge extracted from the battery in two selected case studies. A battery lifetime measurement (during 30 days) has been carried out. Experimental results have been assessed and compared with estimations given by using the duty-cycle current average method. Based on the measurement results, we show that the assumptions on which the method is based do not hold in real operating cases. The rationality of the duty-cycle current average method needs reconsidering.

Aerospace Electromagnetic Thruster with Average Foucault Currents

The work is an attempt to find the force with which an electromagnetic system with Foucault currents acts on itself. It is taken into account that the average force with which the source of the alternating magnetic field and the inductive Foucault current is equal to zero, the self-force arises as a result of the interaction of unclosed Foucault conduction currents with the displacement current created by a conductor located in a non-uniform magnetic field. The average force acting on a symmetrical conductor located between the poles of an electromagnet turned out to be different from zero. The greatest value of this force is observed in the region of maximum inhomogeneity of the magnetic field.

Simulation and analysis on seasonal variability of average salinity in the Yellow Sea

The CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) data collected by six China-Korea joint cruises during 1996-1998 and the climatological data suggest that the seasonal variability of average salinity in the Yellow Sea (Sa) presents a general sinusoid pattern. To study the mechanism of the variability, annual cycles of Sa were simulated and a theoretical analysis based on the governing equations was reported.Three main factors are responsible for the variability: the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), the Changji-ang (Yangtze) River diluted water (YRDW) and the evaporation minus precipitation (E-P). From December to the next May, the variability of Sa is mainly controlled by the salt transportation of the YSWC. But in early July, the YSWC is overtaken and replaced by the YRDW which then becomes the most important controller in summer. From late September to November, the E-P gradually took the lead. The mass exchange north of the 37癗 line is not significant.

基于SABO算法的PMSM弱磁和MTPA控制方法

永磁同步电机因其结构紧凑、噪声较少、功耗较少、运行速度快、操作稳定,已被普遍采用。针对永磁同步电机弱磁控制过程中,转速环参数选取采用传统PI(proportional-integral)控制方法,依靠经验整定参数,外界抗干扰能力较差、难以保证在各运行区间具有优良性能等问题,提出了一种基于减法平均优化算法的永磁同步电机的弱磁和MTPA(maximum torque per ampere)控制的宽运行范围方法。将智能寻优算法、MTPA控制、弱磁控制三者相结合,利用减法平均优化算法优化PI控制器的参数,提高了系统的响应性能和抗干扰能力;工作电压未超过电压极限圆使用MTPA控制策略运行;工作电压超过电压极限圆利用电压闭环反馈,进行弱磁控制。使用MATLAB/Simulink构建的永磁同步电机弱磁控制仿真模拟,通过PI控制器和减法平均优化算法优化后的PI控制器性能对比,从仿真结果得到控制器方法的有效性。实验有效证明了该控制方法能够解决各种运行工况下控制器参数的优化整定问题,提高电机控制精度。

基于R-L分数阶定义的PCCM Boost变换器建模与分析

研究了基于R-L分数阶定义的电感电流伪连续PCCM(pseudo-continuous conduction mode)Boost变换器模型,并由此导出了变换器的状态平均模型,然后推导出升压比,直流静态工作点,电感电流波纹以及输出电压波纹的表达式。结果表明,与基于Caputo分数阶定义下的变换器模型相应表达式比较,R-L分数阶定义下的直流静态工作点和升压比不仅与占空比相关,而且还与电感和电容的阶数有关,输出电压波纹的表达式不仅与分数阶电感的阶数α有关,与分数阶电容的阶数β也相关。电感和电容的阶数对状态变量的直流分量和分数阶PCCM Boost的稳态特性有很大影响。最后,在MATLAB/SIMULINK中搭建了R-L分数阶PCCM Boost变换器数学模型和电路模型,仿真结果显示R-L分数阶PCCM Boost变换器模型的分析结果比其他PCCM Boost模型的分析结果更加稳定,误差更小。

基于单磁环三绕组的磁调制电流传感器

现有高精度闭环磁调制式电流传感器多采用双磁环乃至三磁环结构,通常具有体积较大、调制解调电路复杂、磁环特性不一致等缺点。基于此,提出一种基于单磁环三绕组结构的闭环磁调制电流传感器。在励磁电流平均值法的基础上,进一步研究简化的解调电路;增加一个感应绕组以及相应的运算电路,消除变压器效应产生的信号噪声;利用遗传算法优化传感器部分参数的取值,提升传感器性能。所提出的设计结构简单、体积小、量程大、精度高,能够满足直流大电流的测量需求。

不同长径比下真空电弧自由燃弧特性的研究

该文研究不同触头开距(g)与直径(D)比值(g/D)条件下真空电弧的自由燃弧特性,以为进一步研究电弧控制方法提供理论支撑。实验选用直径为42 mm、材料为CuCr50合金的平板触头,采用触发引弧的方式,分别观察12 mm(g/D=0.286)、24 mm(g/D=0.571)、36 mm(g/D=0.857)触头开距,2.4至5.2 kA电流峰值(Ipeak)条件下的真空电弧。结果表明:不同长径比真空电弧阴极斑点扩散速度与阴极斑点平均承载电流接近,阴极斑点扩散速度与电流峰值的平方根成正比;小长径比(g/D=0.286)真空电弧在电流峰值较大时(Ipeak>4 kA)会依次出现扩散电弧模式、点状阳极斑点模式、阳极斑点模式;大长径比(g/D=0.571、0.857)真空电弧中大量阴极斑点在初始扩散阶段结束后长期维持在阴极触头侧面,未观察到稳定的阳极斑点。结果表明:大长径比与小长径比真空电弧在形态以及阳极现象上存在较大的差异,涉及大长径比真空电弧时需要考虑电弧对于触头侧面烧蚀的问题。

基于平均电流控制的恒功率控制电路设计

为解决HID灯的老化及灯的伏安特性变化引起的功率漂移问题,基于Buck降压变换器的平均电流控制模式,设计并制作了一款具有恒功率控制能力的数字控制电子镇流器驱动电路,包含两个控制环路:内电流环路用于维持稳定驱动,外功率环路用于维持灯在其使用期间的功率恒定,并根据Buck降压变换器DCM模式下的小信号模型,以PI算法作为数字补偿器,完成补偿环路设计,保证电路输出稳定性。为抑制声共振,该电路结构采用三级式结构的电子镇流器,以低频方波驱动。设计和测试结果表明,该电子镇流器驱动电路可实现450 W的恒功率控制,误差值小于3%。该电子镇流器驱动电路结构简单,可靠性高,可适用于450 W HID灯驱动。

利用健康因子的卫星电池容量估计方法

卫星在轨工作期间,准确估计电池容量对提高电源系统的安全性与可靠性有重要意义。为此,针对电池在工作过程中实际容量难以直接测量的问题,提出一种利用间接健康因子估计电池容量的方法。首先,从锂电池恒压充电模式下的电流数据中提取平均充电电流,将其作为反映电池容量变化的特征参数。在实现了锂电池健康状态表征的基础上,对比分析容量和平均充电电流随着充放电循环周期的变化曲线。然后,讨论了容量和平均充电电流之间的相关性,进而建立了容量估计模型。最后,通过从NASA锂电池数据集中提取容量和平均充电电流,划分训练集和测试集,验证了用该方法估计容量的有效性和准确性。

抑制图腾柱PFC电流过零尖峰控制方法的研究

针对工作在CCM模式下的图腾柱拓扑PFC在电压过零点处电流的畸变问题,在详细阐述图腾柱PFC的工作原理及过零电流尖峰产生原因的基础上,提出一种改进型的过零控制方式,在输入电压过零时刻前后插入死区为低频开关管反向恢复提供时间。在死区时段后对高频开关管施加渐进占空比信号,以完成对低频桥臂的寄生电容上电压释放,并降低过零电流尖峰。控制策略采用基于占空比前馈平均电流控制原理的双闭环控制,提高电流对电压的动态响应能力。基于上述方法,搭建了一台交流输入电压220 V,直流输出电压400 V,满载2 kW的实验样机并进行实验研究。实验结果表明,样机峰值效率可达98.3%,满载时功率因数高达0.99。

基于Prony算法的电位接地故障暂态选线方法

为在应急广播调频发射机系统电位接地故障情况下,根据暂态相位差水平能完成电路选线,提出了基于Prony算法的电位接地故障暂态选线方法。采用Prony算法计算滑动平均窗长度,再通过求解辨识参数的方式,确定电路功率特性,完成故障暂态数据识别。联合故障稳态分析条件,计算暂态等效电流数值,以此为基础,求解隶属函数,实现电位接地故障暂态选线。实验结果表明,所提方法作用下,两个接线端口之间的暂态相位始终等于10 V,在电位接地故障情况下,可将相位水平更为接近的端口组织连接在一起,符合实际应用需求。

APT电源芯片过流保护设计和检测方法优化

平均功率追踪(Average Power Tracking, APT)电源芯片过流失效甚至烧毁会导致整个无线移动通信终端设备无法正常工作。针对这一问题,结合降压(Buck)模式APT电源芯片失效的场景,提出了通过优化过流保护电路参数和有效拦截因制造工艺波动而导致不良电源芯片漏测的措施。一方面,在设计过流保护电路时,选取不同电感值的储能电感,对比不同电感值电路的电流纹波大小,分析不同纹波大小和芯片过流保护之间的关系,给出了通过选择合适的电感值来提高电源过流保护的方法。另一方面,在APT电源芯片生产测试环节使用By Pass模式,直接评估芯片的最大负载电流值与过流保护电流值,有效拦截过流保护不良的芯片。通过以上措施,无线移动通信终端设备的APT电源芯片过流保护的性能得到了质的飞跃,市场产品因为APT电源过流烧毁的概率几乎为0,产品质量信誉得到了很大的提升。

基于电流差的电动车窗防夹算法研究

为了解决汽车电动车窗夹伤乘员的安全问题,提出一种基于电流差的电动车窗防夹算法。算法首先通过滑动平均滤波滤除电流部分噪声,然后利用最小二乘法计算电流斜率和电流均值辅助分析车窗是否遇到障碍物和处理电流差,再将电流差和阈值比较做出是否防夹的判断。实车防夹力测试和恶路测试结果表明,基于电流差的电动车窗防夹算法实车测试防夹力为(80±5)N,误防夹率小于1%,满足法规要求,验证了该算法的可行性。

低压大电流DCDC变换器并联均流控制研究

本文讨论了低压大电流工况下移相全桥变换器双模块并联电流失衡机理与均流控制技术。该技术采用电压环、电流环与均流环三环平均电流控制结构,给出了控制系统设计原则。利用Matlab仿真与一台10 kW样机分别进行仿真与实验验证,验证结果表明该控制结构有较好的自适应性,能够兼顾负载调整率与均流精度。

家用电磁灶用不同容器工作对谐波电流项目检测分析

目前,市场上家用电磁灶推荐的使用容器大多是不锈钢锅。然而,家用电磁灶的产品标准对可使用的容器类型有具体要求,这些要求与市场上常见的不锈钢锅有所不同。因此,本文主要根据家用电磁灶用不同容器(能效钢锅、搪瓷钢锅、不锈钢锅)工作下进行谐波电流项目检测并对其结果进行差异分析。

基于调峰场景下的亚临界切圆燃烧锅炉灵活性挖掘

为了提高燃煤发电机组锅炉低负荷稳燃、宽负荷脱硝、快速变负荷速率、快速启停和调峰辅助服务等能力,挖掘亚临界切圆燃烧锅炉灵活性潜力,以某电厂600 MW亚临界燃煤机组为例,采用直流燃烧器垂直浓淡改造技术、磨煤机动态分离器技术和省煤器旁路烟道技术对锅炉进行综合改造。通过锅炉性能试验,比较分析了改造前后锅炉的主要性能指标。试验结果表明:改造后机组最低稳定燃烧负荷由额定负荷的40%下降到30%;改造后,最低稳定燃烧负荷下脱硝系统入口NO_(x)平均质量浓度为239.73 mg/Nm^(3),比改造前低168.53 mg/Nm^(3);经过动态分离器改造的磨煤机煤粉细度R_(90)可实现25%~38%的调节范围,煤粉细度R_(200)可实现2%~5%的调节范围;改造后,30%额定负荷脱硝系统入口烟气温度高于300℃。600 MW亚临界机组灵活性改造的成功案例,可为火电机组柔性化转型提供借鉴和启示。

THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WAVE-CURRENTS AND OFFSHORE STRUCTURES WITH CONSIDERATION OF FLUID VISCOSITY

Study of the how held around the large scale offshore structures under the action of waves and viscous currents is of primary importance for the scouring estimation and protection in the vicinity of the structures. But very little has been known in its mechanism when the viscous effects is taken into consideration. As a part of the efforts to tackle the problem, a numerical model is presented for the simulation of the how held around a fixed vertical truncated circular cylinder subjected to waves and viscous currents based on the depth-averaged Reynolds equations and depth-averaged k-epsilon turbulence model. Finite difference method with a suitable iteration defect correct method and an artificial open boundary condition are adopted in the numerical process. Numerical results presented relate to the interactions of a pure incident viscous current with Reynolds number Re = 10(5), a pure incident regular sinusoidal wave, and the coexisting of viscous current and wave with a circular cylinder, respectively. Flow fields associated with the hydrodynamic coefficients of the fixed cylinder, as well as corresponding free surface profiles and wave amplitudes, are discussed. The present method is found to be relatively straightforward, computationally effective and numerically stable for treating the problem of interactions among waves, viscous currents and bodies.

Tidal Current Energy Resource Assessment Technique and Procedure Applied in Western Coastal Region, South Korea

After the nuclear power plant accident in Japan, Korean government has set the national goal to produce the electricity by renewable energy sources up to 11% by 2035 which is not easy to achieve without ocean energy development. The demand on the clean energy supply has been increased recently and there are many renewable energy development projects and plans announced worldwide. The ocean energy can be produced from tidal current, wave, tidal barrage and ocean thermal sources. The first step is to estimate the resource assessment for each energy source. There are several assessment methods introduced from IEA （International Energy Agency）, IRENA （International Renewable Energy Agency）, NREL （National Renewable Energy Laboratory）, EU ERENE （European Community for Renewable Energy）, Bonn University, DLR （German Aerospace Center）, etc.. Even these known methods have some sort of similarity; there are different definitions and classifications among them. In this paper, the four-step energy potentials are defined and introduced as theoretical, geographical, technical and market potentials. The theories for each step are presented for ocean energies together with clear definitions. As the tidal current energy research and development are active in Korea having very strong tidal current speed along the west and south coastal regions, the detail procedure for each step of energy potential assessment is introduced for tidal current energy. The paper will illustrate the case study of tidal current power assessment in western coastal region, South Korea with highlighting the key aspects in determining the resource potentials.