Investigation on Temperature Field Calibration and Analysis of Wind Tunnel

For wind tunnels,it is essential to conduct temperature and flow field calibration on their test section,which is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of wind tunnel flow fields.In the paper,a truss composed of temperature sensors was used to calibrate the temperature field of a completed wind tunnel section.By adjusting the distance between the temperature measurement truss and the nozzle,as well as the wind speed,the temperature field distribution data at different positions could be obtained.Analyze these data to identify important factors that affect the distribution of temperature field.Simultaneously,the temperature field of the wind tunnel was simulated accordingly.The purpose is to further analyze the fluid heat transfer between air and wind tunnel walls through numerical simulation.Through the above analysis methods,the quality of the temperature field in the wind tunnel has been further verified,providing reference for future wind tunnel tests of relevant models.

Heat Transfer Characteristics of Work Fluid Including Phase Change Material That Flow into Heating Surface from Narrow Path

Use of the low temperature (less than 100°C) energy contributes to effective use of heat resources. The cost recovery by power generation is difficult by using an existing system (the binary cycle or the thermoelectric conversion element), because the initial investment is large. The final purpose of this research is development of the low temperature difference drive engine supposing use in a hot-springs resort as a power source for electric power generation. In order that a traveler may look at and delight a motion of an engine, it is made to drive at low-speed number of rotations. An engine cycle of this study is aimed at the development of Stirling cycle engine which can maintain high efficiency in small size. This kind of engine has simple structure;it brings low cost, and it is easy to perform maintenance. However, it is difficult to obtain enough output by this type of engine, because of its low temperature difference. This paper deals with the heat transfer characteristic that the working fluid including a phase change material flows into the heating surface from the narrow path. In order to increase the amount of the heat transmission, Diethylether is added to the working fluid. Diethylether is selected as a phase change material (PCM) that has the boiling point which exists between the heat source of high temperature and low temperature. The parameters of the experiment are additive amount of PCM, rotational speed of the displacer piston and temperature of heat transfer surface. It is shown that it is possible to make exchange of heat amount increase by adding phase change material. The result of this research shows the optimal condition of the difference in temperature in heat processing, number of revolutions, and addition concentration of PCM.

Temperature Profiles of a Vertical, 7-Element Bundle Cooled with Supercritical Freon-12

A set of experimental data obtained at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering in a vertical bundle cooled with supercritical R-12 was analyzed. The test section was a 7-element bundle installed in a hexagonal flow channel with three grid spacers. Data was collected at pressures of approximately 4.65 MPa for several different combinations of wall and bulk-fluid temperatures that were below, at, or above pseudocritical conditions. Analysis of the data has confirmed that there are three distinct heat-transfer regimes for forced convention in supercritical fluids： （1） normal heat transfer, （2） deteriorated heat transfer, and （3） enhanced heat transfer. It was also confirmed that the effects of spacers are evident which was previously observed in sub-critical experimental data. This work compares the wall and bulk fluid temperature data of the experiments to predictions based upon current 1-D correlations for heat transfer in supercritical fluids.

热风加热沥青路面冲击射流共轭传热特性

为提高热风加热沥青路面的就地再生加热效果,基于热风冲击射流对流换热和沥青路面内部导热的共轭传热过程,建立了热风加热沥青路面的冲击射流共轭传热理论模型,选取有限容积法得到了共轭传热模型的通用离散方程,采用压力-速度耦合半隐式算法(semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations,SIMPLE)获得了整个求解域内温度场分布,选取平均热流密度和平均换热系数反映沥青路面加热效果,通过正交试验研究了热风出口速度和热风出口温度对路面加热效果的影响程度。仿真和试验结果表明:理论计算与实验温度场分布趋势吻合度高,两者平均误差为8.4%;平均热流密度和平均换热系数在加热初期均从最大值急剧下降,而后下降幅度逐渐减小趋于平衡,两者的仿真计算与实验结果趋势相同,平均误差分别为6.4%和7.8%;热风出口速度和热风出口温度对平均热流密度均有显著影响,热风出口速度对平均换热系数有显著影响,热风出口温度对平均换热系数的影响相较于平均热流密度指标表现为不显著。研究结果为后续沥青路面就地热再生热风加热温度控制和加热器设计提供了理论依据。

基于平均热通量进行TMPI发动机传热的仿真与试验研究

本文对一款改进型TMPI发动机缸体缸盖温度场进行了仿真与试验研究。通过自然吸气MPI发动机台架性能试验,为一维热力学计算平均热通量提供校准基础,依据各模块平均热通量进行了有限元分析模型校核,并基于冷却水套CFD和缸内燃烧CFD计算的对流换热系数,为结构温度场进行预测。基于发动机交变工况,对发动机关键位置进行多通道瞬时温度采集,并与发动机温度场仿真值对比,确认其误差约8%,论证了基于平均热通量校核发动机温度场最高温度和温度分布的可行性,同时为改进型增压发动机温度场优化提供了理论依据。

氦气风机驱动电机转子径向通风结构研究

氦气风机驱动电机是高温气冷堆一回路唯一能动设备,其安全性直接影响到高温气冷堆的安全稳定运行。针对高温高压环境及氦气传热工质对驱动电机风路结构设计及相关参数影响引发的新问题,通过建立双侧转子铁心三维风路结构流固耦合传热模型,计算分析了高温高压环境下传热工质氦气在转子径向风沟内的流动特性,研究了转子分别在动态和静态情况下,通风结构内流体流动规律及转子铁心和导条的温升变化规律。同时,对不同种类传热工质的对应规律进行了对比研究,搭建了模拟实验测试装置,实测数据与数值计算结果吻合较好,验证了计算分析结果的合理性和正确性,为氦气风机驱动电机转子风路结构优化、冷却性能的有效提升提供一定的理论参考。

叠合式有机朗肯循环的热力学分析

针对有机朗肯循环(ORC)中传热过程对循环性能的影响,该文提出一种既相似但又区别于混合工质,各工质独立运行的叠合式有机朗肯循环(AORC)。AORC中,各工质进行串/并联的叠合换热,可形成类似于非共沸混合工质的温度滑移。由于各工质独立运行,使得叠合工质的温度滑移量可进行调节,以减小与外界热/冷源的传热温差,提高传热匹配性以及循环性能。以两种工质叠合的AORC为例进行循环性能分析,并与常规ORC进行对比。结果表明,AORC并不是各工质基本ORC的简单线性叠加,而是一种优化叠加。相比常规ORC,AORC的净输出功率最大可提升34.48%。但当热源温度高于高温工质的热源转折温度时,AORC趋近于高温工质的基本ORC。

基于COMSOL的低温截止阀安全性仿真研究

为深入研究DN150低温截止阀在试验过程中的安全可靠性,采用数值模拟分析和现场工程试验相结合的方法,利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件计算低温截止阀在开启和关闭状态时的热量耗散、应力集中及流体流动的情况。结果表明:低温截止阀在阀门内外壳体处存在温度梯度,会出现显著的温度耗散情况;受热应力和固定约束影响,波纹管组件连接处出现应力集中;在阀门开关瞬间,管道中的液氮流速会出现瞬变,阀门内部的流体流动会出现漩涡流,影响阀门阀瓣和阀座密封副的密封性。

Theoretical and experimental investigation of gas metal arc weld pool in commercially pure aluminum:Effect of welding current on geometry

Effects of welding current on temperature and velocity fields during gas metal arc welding(GMAW) of commercially pure aluminum were simulated. Equations of conservation of mass, energy and momentum were solved in a three-dimensional transient model using FLOW-3 D software. The mathematical model considered buoyancy and surface tension driving forces. Further, effects of droplet heat content and impact force on weld pool surface deformation were added to the model. The results of simulation showed that an increase in the welding current could increase peak temperature and the maximum velocity in the weld pool. The weld pool dimensions and width of the heat-affected zone(HAZ) were enlarged by increasing the welding current. In addition, dimensionless Peclet, Grashof and surface tension Reynolds numbers were calculated to understand the importance of heat transfer by convection and the roles of various driving forces in the weld pool. In order to validate the model, welding experiments were conducted under several welding currents. The predicted weld pool dimensions were compared with the corresponding experimental results, and good agreement between simulation and preliminary test results was achieved.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CASTING PROCESS

In this paper, the development status of casting numerical simulation technology is introduced. In additional, mathematical model, solution method, initial condition, boundary condition and defect predicting scheme of foundry process are also analyzed, which include the mold filling process, solidification process and the process coupling fluid flow with heat transfer. Finally, a practical casting is taken out to show how to predict defects and optimize foundry process with numerical simulation technology.

Modeling and simulation of non-isothermal three-phase flow for accurate prediction in underbalanced drilling

The present study aims at investigating the effect of temperature variation due to heat transfer between the formation and drilling fluids considering influx from the reservoir in the underbalanced drilling condition. Gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow model considering transient thermal interaction with the formation was applied to simulate wellbore fluid to calculate the wellbore temperature and pressure and analyze the influence of different parameters on fluid pressure and temperature distribution in annulus. The results show that the non-isothermal three-phase flow model with thermal consideration gives more accurate prediction of bottom-hole pressure(BHP) compared to other models considering geothermal temperature. Viscous dissipation, the heat produced by friction between the rotating drilling-string and well wall and drill bit drilling, and influx of oil and gas from reservoir have significant impact on the distribution of fluid temperature in the wellbore, which in turn affects the BHP. Bottom-hole fluid temperature decreases with increasing liquid flow rate, circulation time, and specific heat of liquid and gas but it increases with increasing in gas flow rate. It was found that BHP is strongly depended on the gas and liquid flow rates but it has weak dependence on the circulation time and specific heat of liquid and gas. BHP increase with increasing liquid flow rate and decreases with increasing gas flow rate.

Numerical Study of a Cylindro-Parabolic Cooker “Blazing Tube”

The objective of this work is to numerically determine the thermal performance of the parabolic cylinder cooker commonly “blazing tube”. These performances were determined by establishing heat balances at the different levels of the system. The equations obtained have been discretized;simplifying assumptions have been made to facilitate their resolution. We adopted Gauss Seidel’s method using MATLAB software to solve these equations. The temperatures of the coolant, the glass and the absorber were determined as a function of time and along the tube. The thermal efficiency was also determined. It emerged that the different temperatures evolve linearly as a function of the length of the tube. Yield and temperatures depend on the amount of sunshine.

基于流固耦合传热分析的液压电机泵温度场特征

为获得液压电机泵全域温度场分布特征,分析计算不同负载下电机电磁损耗和液压泵功率损失值,将电机主要部件、液压泵泵芯作为固定体热源,建立了电机泵流固耦合传热仿真模型。结果表明:随着负载的增加,电机泵的整体温度逐渐升高,高温区主要集中在电机定子、转子和泵芯上,其中泵芯的温度相对较低;负载低于6 MPa时,电机泵的最高温位置始终位于定子绕组,负载增加后,逐渐转移至转子导条。采用热电偶测量电机泵样机壳体表面特征点的温度,与仿真结果的最大偏差为9.6%,验证了电机泵流固耦合传热模型及计算方法的有效性。

阀控充液式液力偶合器换热特性研究

在液力偶合器的使用过程中,由于转差损失与液力损失,会使其工作水液的温度上升,进而影响液力偶合器的工作性能,为了解决这一问题,对阀控充液式液力偶合器的换热特性进行了研究。首先,构建了含有进出水口双腔流道的瞬态换热计算模型,并对其进行了网格无关性验证;然后,采用多步求解方式对正常运转工况、堵转工况及循环换水工况的流动换热进行了数值模拟计算;最后,对比分析了不同工况下的液力偶合器温度场分布特性,探讨了液力偶合器内流场的流动换热变化规律。研究结果表明:正常工况及堵转工况流场整体温度皆呈现明显的线性上升趋势;以240 L/min流量进行循环换水时,流场温度呈先快后慢的下降趋势,20 s内可将流场温度降至30℃左右。采用该研究结果,可以准确地预测液力偶合器内流场温度变化,可为液力偶合器优化、换水调控提供理论参考。

大轴径离心压缩机磁流体密封传热特性研究

高温会降低磁流体饱和磁化强度,造成永磁铁退磁,影响磁流体密封装置的可靠性及稳定性。为探讨磁流体密封装置传热特性,以大轴径离心压缩机磁流体密封为研究对象,同时考虑磁流体摩擦热和轴承摩擦热对磁流体密封装置传热特性的影响,利用有限元数值计算与磁流体、轴承摩擦功耗理论分析相结合的方法,研究磁流体密封装置温度分布规律,分析齿宽、密封间隙和转速对永磁铁和磁流体最高稳态温度的影响,并确定相关工况所需冷却液质量流率。结果表明:由于轴径尺寸较大,表面线速度高,磁流体黏性摩擦热及轴承摩擦热对密封装置传热特性有显著影响,在无冷却工况下,密封装置最高温度超过磁流体和永磁铁的极限使用温度,需通过强制对流换热的方式进行降温处理;永磁铁及磁流体最高稳态温度随着齿宽增加而升高,随着密封间隙增加而减小;随着转速的增加,永磁铁及磁流体最高稳态温度升高,且转速越大,相同转速梯度差之间的温度差越大。

基于流固耦合的燃气冲刷烧蚀内膛特性分析

火炮发射时,火药燃气与身管间发生剧烈的传热传质作用是导致身管烧蚀的重要因素。为了研究某155 mm火炮中高温高压高速的燃气流对身管的烧蚀特性,采用CFD流固耦合方法,建立了发射过程中的身管非稳态流动传热模型,并根据炮钢在不同温度下的烧蚀特点,将烧蚀过程分为热化学烧蚀和熔化烧蚀,建立了分段烧蚀模型。计算结果表明,身管内壁温度随时间的增加先迅速增大,随后逐渐降低。整体上,内壁温度随身管轴向距离的增大而逐渐降低。身管膛线起始区域的壁面温度最高,其烧蚀是熔化和热化学烧蚀共同导致的,而线膛部的大部分区域仅发生了热化学烧蚀。总烧蚀量随着身管轴向距离的增大而逐渐降低,膛线起始部的烧蚀最为严重,单发总烧蚀量(常温)为5.06μm。同时分析了不同工况对身管烧蚀特性的影响,发现最大烧蚀量与初始壁面温度呈现很强的正相关性,温度的升高会加剧身管的烧蚀。

基于地面降温的井下钻井液冷却技术

目前井下钻井液冷却技术中存在是否具有开展降温技术的必要及如何实现井下钻井液温度实时控制这2个核心问题。首先基于井筒传热模型,探究了钻井液冷却施工参数对井下温度影响程度的大小,基于精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法,建立了钻井液冷却施工参数优化模型,形成了井下钻井液冷却极限计算方法,以此评估是否具有开展降温技术的必要。然后基于井筒传热模型,探究了地面降温与井下降温间的定量关系,得到井下温度的变化与地面注入温度的变化呈单调线性关系,依据此关系及比例积分微分(PID)控制算法,形成了钻井液井下温度实时控制方法。最后利用一口实例井对上述模型与方法进行验证,结果表明,采用冷却施工参数优化模型得到的井下降温极限比未经优化的正常钻井温度低17℃,同时建立的基于PID控制的井下温度控制方法能实现井下温度的实时定量控制,减少地面钻井液冷却设备能耗,并确保井下温度尽快达到设定值。

汽缸夹层温度场的流固耦合分析

基于汽轮机系统复杂的换热特性,利用流固耦合的方法分析了某机组高压内缸、高压外缸以及内外缸间夹层的温度场,考虑了汽缸与夹层蒸汽的对流换热及辐射换热对换热系数计算的影响,探究了汽缸夹层换热系数的修正规律。分析过程包括了汽缸温度场分析简化模型的建立,计算对流换热系数及辐射换热系数,迭代分析温度场。结果表明,针对研究机组,从汽轮机流体域入口至流体域出口温度呈升高趋势变化,流体域温升大于120℃,且外缸固体域温度变化梯度较小,内缸固体域温度变化梯度较大。针对汽轮机同一分区相同位置上,考虑辐射换热会比不考虑辐射换热时的内缸温度更低,外缸及夹层温度更高,但总体温度变化规律一致。同时,有限元分析下的温度场会比流固耦合分析下的温度场温度普遍更高,但二者变化趋势大体相同。基于传热学基本原理,采用重复迭代的方式,可利用有限元分析下的温度及换热系数来辅助计算流固耦合分析下的换热系数并进行修正。

催化裂化取热技术研究进展

总结了国内外具有代表性的催化裂化取热技术和再生剂调温技术,同时针对外取热器运行过程中出现的取热负荷不足、床层流化性能差和换热管易破裂等问题,重点介绍了外取热器传热强化技术。总结发现,再生剂调温技术可实现高再生温度、高剂油比及高原料油预热温度的"三高"操作;外取热器传热强化技术可通过强化外取热器入口催化剂的均匀分布、换热管外壁处和床层内催化剂的流化性能来提高传热效率和取热负荷,保证外取热器的长周期运行。

低气温条件下极地船舶舷侧压载舱温度场数值模拟研究

[目的]旨在分析极地低气温环境温度及压载水容量对极地船舶压载舱温度场分布的影响。[方法]采用流体体积法(VOF)模型模拟气-液两相,标准k-ε湍流模型模拟流体运动,建立极地船舶压载舱热传递的数值分析模型,分析低气温条件下压载舱温度场的动态变化过程,揭示多环境温度和多装载高度对压载舱温度场的影响机制。[结果]随着热传递的持续发生,舷侧压载舱水线以上区域的温度快速下降,降温区分别沿横向向舱内延伸和沿舱壁向下延伸;当压载水较多时,由于水的热容大,舱室温度场相对稳定,但空气热容低、温度场变化大,易出现气旋并进一步影响计算域的温度场分布;在相同压载水容量条件下,外界环境温度越低,内外温差越大,热交换越剧烈,压载舱温度变化越迅速。[结论]采用VOF两相流模型和标准k-ε湍流模型可以较好地揭示极地低气温环境下压载舱温度场的时空演化特征,分析内、外部热边界条件变化对压载舱温度场变化的影响,可为极地船舶压载舱防寒/防冻结提供必要的技术参考。