ON THE KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE COPOLYMERIZATION OF ACRYLONITRILE WITH STYRENE IN THE PRESENCE OF COPPER CHLORIDE

The copolymerization of styrene (St) and acrylonitrile (AN) complexed with CuCl_2 monomer by a free radicalmechanism was performed using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator at 65℃ under N_2 atmosphere for 150 min. The rate ofpolymerization (R_p) was found to increase linearly with the concentration (in mol/L) of CuCl_2, AN and St through scalingrelations. The activation energy of the copolymerization process in the presence and absence of CuCl_2 was found to be46.5 kJ/mol and 102 kJ/mol, respectively. The viscosity average molecular weigh of the copolymer and the k_p^2/k_t ratio weredctermired to further assess the accelerating effect of CuCl_2 on the copolymerization process. The copolymerization processin the presence of CuCl_2 has a radical complex mechanism.

DSC Study of Thermal Properties of Biodegradable Poly(Butylene Succinate-co-terephthalate)

Poly （ butylene succinate ） （ PBS ）, poly （ butylene terephthalate） （PBT） and poly （butylene succirmte-coterephthalate） （PBST）s were synthesized from dimethyl succinate and/or dimethyl terephthalate reacting with 1,4- butanediol through a process of transesterification/ polycondmsation in the presence of a high effective catalyst and characterized by means of GPC and DSC. The investigation was mainly focused on the influence of content of terephthalate units on the molecular weight and thermal properties of resulting polymers. It is revealed that the melting temperature and crystallinity of synthesized polymers decrease first with the increase of terephthalate units, then shift to rise gradually by DSC measurements. The results of Flory equation suggest sequence structure of PBSTs is random.

KINETICS OF SUSPENDED EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE

The kinetics of suspended emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), in which water acted as the dispersed phase and the mixture of NMA and cyclohexane as the continuous phase, was investigated. It showed that the initial polymerization rate (R-p0) and steady-state polymerization rate (R-p) were proportional to the mass ratio between water and oil phase, and increased as the polymerization temperature, the potassium persulphate concentration ([I]) and the Tween20 emulsifier concentration ([S]) increased. The relationships between the polymerization rate and [I] and [S] were obtained as follows: R-p0 proportional to [I](0.73)[S](0.32) and R-p proportional to [I](0.71)[S](0.23). The above exponents were close to those obtained from normal MMA emulsion polymerization. It also showed that the average molecular weight of the resulting poly(methyl methacrylate) decreased as the polymerization temperature, [I] and [S] increased. Thus, MMA suspended emulsion polymerization could be considered as a combination of many miniature emulsion polymerizations proceeding in water drops and obeyed the classical kinetics of MMA emulsion polymerization.

Synthesis and Characterization of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride-Butyl Acrylate Terpolymer

A novel surface modifying agent and internal compatilizer of inorganic and macromolecule composite materials,P(St/MAH/BA)terpolymer,was synthesized in butanone by solution polymerization method using styrene(St),maleic anhydride(MAH),and butyl acrylate(BA)as monomers and azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN)as an initiator.Some affecting factors on terpolymers yields such as polymerization time,reaction temperature,solvent volume,initiator content,and reactants ratios were studied.Furthermore,the structure and thermal properties of terpolymers were primarily characterized and determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and gel permeation chromatography(GPC).The results indicate that the terpolymers are random polymers and the yields are low,but the thermal decomposed temperature of terpolymers P(St/MAH/BA)is around 220 ℃ and the average molecular weights(Mw)achieve 1.189×105 g·mol-1.

Discrimination of Car Headlight Plastic by Gel Permeation Chromatography

Car headlight plastic as a kind of evidence often can be seen in traffic accidents and some other cases.We tested 20 brands of car headlight plastic using gel chromatography.The data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS)one‑way analysis of variance(ANOVA)and the discrimination rate was 97.14%.This indicated that we could discriminate between different headlights by the molecular weight of their headlight plastic.Gel permeation chromatography is an effective method of discriminating between headlights,particularly in the case of a traffic accident.

Gelation of a Reversible Markov Process of Polymerization

Abstract In this paper a reversible Markov process as a chemical polymers reaction of two types of monomers is defined. By analyzing the partition functions of the process we obtain three different distributions of the average molecular weight, depending on the value of strength of the fragmentation reaction, and prove that a gelation of the process will occur in the thermodynamic limit.

Effect of the addition of different sodium alginates on viscoelastic,structural features and hydrolysis kinetics of corn starch gels

Corn starch gels(1:4 w:w)were made with the addition(up to 2%w/w starch basis)of sodium alginates of different average molecular sizes and nature.Rheology of the starchy gels were characterized to evaluate their viscoelasticity.Gels were subjected to in vitro digestion to estimate the effect of alginates addition on glycemic response.Tested alginates significantly decreased the value of the elastic modulus of gels.The coordination number obtained from complex modulus indicated that in general,less compact structures were obtained in the presence of alginates.These results were confirmed by scanning electron micrographs,where significant differences in the structure of alginate-corn starch gels were observed,but molecular size of alginates was not critical.Hydrolysis rate decreased with the presence of alginates in corn starch gels by interactions of alginates with leached amylose.At high alginate content,slower hydrolysis rates were determined when the most hygroscopic alginates were added.