质量自然基准的研究进展及发展方向

质量单位千克是7个国际单位制基本单位之一,也是到目前为止唯一用实物复现的基本单位。几十年来围绕着实现质量自然基准,各国科学家进行了大量的研究,取得了巨大的进展。文中概述了科学工作者在这一领域的研究现状,实现质量自然基准的几种主要方法的基本原理及其研究进展,预测了质量自然基准研究的最终发展方向。

朗之万方程在布朗运动数值模拟中的时间尺度分析

从朗之万方程出发,比较了朗之万动力学(LD)和布朗动力学(BD)在布朗运动模拟中不同时间步长的选取对运动轨迹的影响.朗之万方程把大量流体分子对布朗颗粒的撞击等效成一项随机作用力,是一种热力学统计平均的处理方式,适用于在较大时间尺度下物理量的观测.模拟结果表明,时间步长并不影响BD模拟结果,而对LD的轨迹有着重要的影响.

追溯化学计量史辨析物质的量和摩尔概念

追溯化学计量由宏观质量层面向微观粒子层面转变的历史进程以及摩尔、物质的量、阿伏伽德罗常数的由来,辨析物质的量和摩尔概念的细微差别.提出物质的量是描述物质所含微粒多少的物理量,摩尔是数目集合体的概念,对教学中突破教学难点起到一定指导作用.

法拉第两个电解定律的数理证明

本文通过对电解过程的深入研究，用数学的方法给出了法拉第的两个电解定律的理论性证明，从理论上给出了法拉第第二电解定律中普适恒量的本质解释，并且证明了它就是一个法拉第的倒数．本文还研究了阿弗加德罗常数与一个法拉第的电量及一个电子的电量之间的关系，给出了阿弗加德罗常数的一个更为精确的结果，即ＮＡ＝６．０２２１３６７（０３）×１０（２３）．由于纯粹由实验归纳而得到的两个法拉第电解定律是电化学理论的基础，因此对这两个电解定律的理论证明就显得特别地有理论价值．

A Potentially Unifying Constant of Nature (Brief Note)

This brief note describes a method by which numerous empirically-determined quantum constants of nature can be substituted into Einstein’s field equation (EFE) for general relativity. This method involves treating the ratio G/ћ as an empirical constant of nature in its own right. This ratio is repre- sented by a new symbol, NT. It turns out that the value of NT (which is 6.32891937 × 1023 m⋅kg-2⋅s-1) is within 5% of Avogadro’s number NA, although the units are clearly different. Nevertheless, substitutions of NT or NA into the EFE, as shown, should yield an absolute value similar in magnitude to that calculated by the conventional EFE. The method described allows for quantum term EFE substitutions into Einstein’s gravitational constant κ. These terms include ћ, α, me, mp, R, kB, F, e, MU, and mU. More importantly, perhaps, one or more of the many new expressions given for κ may provide a more accurate result than κ incorporating G. If so, this may have important implications for additional forward progress towards unification. Whether any of these new expressions for Einstein’s field equation can move us closer to quantizing gravity remains to be determined.

Unity Formulas for the Coupling Constants and the Dimensionless Physical Constants

In this paper in an elegant way will be presented the unity formulas for the coupling constants and the dimensionless physical constants. We reached the conclusion of the simple unification of the fundamental interactions. We will find the formulas for the Gravitational constant. It will be presented that the gravitational fine-structure constant is a simple analogy between atomic physics and cosmology. We will find the expression that connects the gravitational fine-structure constant with the four coupling constants. Perhaps the gravitational fine-structure constant is the coupling constant for the fifth force. Also will be presented the simple unification of atomic physics and cosmology. We will find the formulas for the cosmological constant and we will propose a possible solution for the cosmological parameters. Perhaps the shape of the universe is Poincare dodecahedral space. This article will be followed by the energy wave theory and the fractal space-time theory.

“阿伏伽德罗常数”学习困境分析与对策探讨

探索“阿伏伽德罗常数”中“规定”表述背后隐藏的玄机:0.012 kg 12C中含有多少原子;“阿伏伽德罗常数”为什么选择12C作为基准;“阿伏伽德罗常数”的数值如何确定等.得出启示,教师对于“规定”表述应当利用学生的原有经验,发挥学生的自主性;挖掘科学史资源,揭示知识的修正性;结合实验过程,突出实验的重要意义.