The Complete Stress-strain Curve of Recycled Aggregate Concrete under Uniaxial Compression Loading

The mechanical performance of recycled aggregate concrete （RAC） is investigated. An experiment on the complete stress-strain curve under uniaxial compression loading of RAC is carried out. The experimental results indicate that the peak stress, peak strain, secant modulus of the peak point and original point increase with the strength grade of RAC enhanced. On the contrary, the residual stress of RAC decreases with the strength grade enhancing, and the failure of RAC is often broken at the interface between the recycled aggregate and the mortar matrix. Finally, the constitutive model of stress-strain model of RAC has been constituted, and the results from the constitutive model of stress-strain meet the experiment results very well.

Stress-strain Model of Corroded Concrete under Uniaxial Compressive Loading

The prism specimens of corroded concrete were subjected to uniaxial compressive load to develop the stress-strain model. Compared to the un-corroded concrete, the mechanical prop- erties of corroded concrete, such as peak strength, Young＇s modulus, and residual deformation, et al are degraded. The concrete, which were subjected to the aggressive media in the environment, were resulted in randomly distributed pre-loading flaws and defects. The propagation of these corrosion flaws during the procedure of loading was the main reason of degradation of corroded concrete properties. By the application of the statistic theory of continuum damage, the compressive stress-strain curve of corroded concrete was simulated. The initial damage factor was introduced to represent the corrosive effects of different media. The present damage constitutive model agreed well with the test results.

Compressive Performance of Fiber Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete by Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer-Polyvinyl Chloride Composite Jackets

The development of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)provides a new approach to limiting the waste of natural resources.In the present study,the mechanical properties and deformability of RACs were improved by adding basalt fibers(BFs)and using external restraints,such as a fiber-reinforced polymer(FRP)jacket or a PVC pipe.Samples were tested under axial compression.The results showed that RAC(50%replacement of aggregate)containing 0.2%BFs had the best mechanical properties.Using either BFs or PVC reinforcement had a slight effect on the loadbearing capacity and mode of failure.With different levels of BFs,the compressive strengths of the specimens reinforced with 1-layer and 3-layer basalt fiber reinforced polymer(BFRP)increased by 6.7%–10.5%and 16.5%–23.7%,respectively,and the ultimate strains increased by 48.5%–80.7%and 97.1%–141.1%,respectively.The peak stress of the 3-layer BFRP-PVC increased by 42.2%,and the ultimate strain improved by 131.3%,relative to the control.This reinforcement combined the high tensile strength of BFRP,which improved the post-peak behavior,and PVC,which enhanced the structural durability.In addition,to investigate the influence of the various constraints on compressive behavior,the stress-strain response was analyzed.Based on the analysis of experimental results,a peak stress-strain model and an amended ultimate stress-strain model were proposed.The models were verified as well;the result showed that the predictions from calculations are generally consistent with the experimental data(error within 10%).The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and reference for future applications of fiber-reinforced recycled concrete.

On the calibration of a shear stress criterion for rock joints to represent the full stress-strain profile

Conventional numerical solutions developed to describe the geomechanical behavior of rock interfaces subjected to differential load emphasize peak and residual shear strengths.The detailed analysis of preand post-peak shear stress-displacement behavior is central to various time-dependent and dynamic rock mechanic problems such as rockbursts and structural instabilities in highly stressed conditions.The complete stress-displacement surface(CSDS)model was developed to describe analytically the pre-and post-peak behavior of rock interfaces under differential loads.Original formulations of the CSDS model required extensive curve-fitting iterations which limited its practical applicability and transparent integration into engineering tools.The present work proposes modifications to the CSDS model aimed at developing a comprehensive and modern calibration protocol to describe the complete shear stressdisplacement behavior of rock interfaces under differential loads.The proposed update to the CSDS model incorporates the concept of mobilized shear strength to enhance the post-peak formulations.Barton’s concepts of joint roughness coefficient(JRC)and joint compressive strength(JCS)are incorporated to facilitate empirical estimations for peak shear stress and normal closure relations.Triaxial/uniaxial compression test and direct shear test results are used to validate the updated model and exemplify the proposed calibration method.The results illustrate that the revised model successfully predicts the post-peak and complete axial stressestrain and shear stressedisplacement curves for rock joints.

Property of Corroded Concrete under Compressive Uniaxial Loads

In order to study the compressive property of corroded concrete, accelerated corrosion test were performed on concrete C30.6 corrosive solutions, including hydraulic acid solution （pH=2）, hydraulic acid solution （pH=3） were applied as the corrosive medium. 6 series of corrosion tests, including 111 specimens, were carried out. Mechanical properties of all the corroded specimens were tested respectively. Compressive properties of the corroded specimens （e.g. compressive strength, stress-strain relation, elastic modulus etc.） were achieved. Taking the strength degradation ratio and strain energy loss as damage index, effects of the corrosion solution on the compressive property of corroded concrete were discussed in detail. Relationship between the damage index and corrosion state of specimens were achieved.

Fabrication and compressive performance of plain carbon steel honeycomb sandwich panels

Plain carbon steel Q215 honeycomb sandwich panels were manufactured by brazing in a vacuum furnace. Their characteristic parameters, including equivalent density, equivalent elastic modulus, and equivalent compressive strength along out-of-plane （z-direction） and in-plane （x-and y-directions）, were derived theoretically and then determined experimentally by an 810 material test system. On the basis of the experimental data, the compressive stress-strain curves were given. The results indicate that the measurements of equivalent Young＇s modulus and initial compressive strength are in good agreement with calculations, and that the maximum compressive strain near to solid can be up to 0.5-0.6 along out-of-plane, 0.6-0.7 along in-plane. The strength-to-density ratio of plain carbon steel honeycomb panels is near to those of Al alloy hexagonal-honeycomb and 304L stainless steel square-honeycomb, but the compressive peak strength is greater than that of Al alloy hexagonal-honeycomb.

Deformability characteristics of jointed rock masses under uniaxial compression

We investigated the combined influence of joint inclination angle and joint continuity factor on deforma- tion behavior of jointed rock mass for gypsum specimens with a set of non-persistent open flaws in uni- axial compression. Complete axial stress-strain curves were classified into four types, i.e., single peak, softening after multi-peak yield platform, hardening after multi-peak yield platform and multi-peak dur- ing softening. Observation of crack evolution on the specimen surface reveals that the deformation behavior is correlated to the closure of pre-existing joint, development of fractures in rock matrix and teeth shearing of the shear plane. To investigate the brittleness of the specimens, the ratio of the residual strength to the maximum peak strength as well as the first and last peak strains were studied. At the same joint inclination angle, the ratios between residual strength and the maximum peak strength and the last peak strains increased while the first peak strain decreased with the increase of joint continuity factor. At the same joint continuity factor, the curves of the three brittleness parameters vs. joint inclina- tion angle can either be concave or convex single-oeak or wave-shaoed.

Mesoscale Modeling of Hooked-End Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Uniaxial Compression Using Cohesive Elements

Based on the cohesive zone model, the 2D mesostructures were developed for numerical studies of multi-phase hooked-end steel fiber reinforced concrete under uniaxial compression. The zero-thickness cohesive interface elements were inserted within the mortar, on interfaces of mortar and aggregates and interfaces of mortar and fibers to simulate the failure process of fiber reinforced concrete. The results showed that the numerical results matched well the experimental results in both failure modes and stress-strain behavior. Hooked-end steel fiber reinforced concrete exhibited ductile failure and maintained integrity during a whole failure process. Compared with normal concrete, HES fiber reinforced concrete was greater stiffness and compressive strength;the descending branch of the stress-strain curve was significantly flatter;the residual stress was higher.

轴力对预应力高强混凝土管桩抗震性能的影响

目的研究轴力和往复荷载作用下预应力高强混凝土管桩的抗震性能,为预应力高强混凝土管桩的设计和实际工程应用提供参考依据。方法应用ABAQUS有限元软件对预应力高强混凝土管桩进行有限元模拟,并与已有试验结果对比,两者吻合良好,验证了模型的准确性。在此基础上,研究轴压比和有无普通钢筋及普通钢筋直径对预应力高强混凝土管桩滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、延性及耗能能力的影响。结果配置普通钢筋可以提高预应力高强混凝土管桩的承载能力和延性,对刚度影响不大;随着轴压比的增加,预应力高强混凝土管桩的承载能力逐渐提高,但延性变差,轴压比为0.45时,预应力高强混凝土管桩发生脆性破坏。结论配置普通钢筋可以有效改善预应力高强混凝土管桩的抗震性能,预应力高强混凝土管桩的轴压比不宜超过0.3。

FRP约束UHPC圆形短柱轴心受压性能研究

为研究纤维增强复合材料(FRP)种类、FRP层数和钢纤维体积掺量对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)圆形短柱轴压性能的影响,对21个FRP约束UHPC圆形短柱进行轴心受压试验,分析试件的失效破坏特征及受力机理,研究各参数对试件极限强度和极限应变的影响规律.研究结果表明:FRP层数的增加可以提高UHPC圆形短柱的极限强度,试件C12、C22、C32的极限强度比C11、C21、C31分别提高了17.8%、25.4%、23.4%;钢纤维体积掺量的增加可以使UHPC圆形短柱的极限强度和极限应变得到提高,并可以在一定程度上改善试件的脆性,试件C31的极限强度和极限应变比试件C21分别提高了2.9%和15.1%,比试件C11分别提高了4.7%和50%;在FRP层数和钢纤维体积掺量相同的情况下,碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)对圆形短柱极限强度的改善程度明显优于玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP),试件C11、C12和C13的极限强度比试件G11、G12和G13的分别提高了9.7%、7.8%和7.2%;考虑钢纤维的约束影响,提出FRP约束UHPC圆形短柱的抗压强度和极限应变的计算模型,并进一步给出FRP约束UHPC的本构模型.

Full-Range Compressive Stress-Strain Curves for Cold-Formed 304 Stainless Steel Circular Hollow Sections After Exposure to Vacuum Brazing

With the rapid development of microscale cellular structures, the small-diameter cold-formed welded stainless steel tubes have recently been used for creating the metallic lat- tice topologies with high mechanical properties. In this paper, to obtain the accurate material properties of the circular hollow section （CHS） under pure compression, a series of concentric compression tests are conducted on the millimeter-scale cold-formed 304 stainless steel circu- lar tubular stub columns after exposure to a vacuum brazing process. The tests cover a total of 18 small-diameter stub tubes with measured thickness-to-diameter ratios （t/D） from 0.023 to 0.201. A generalized three-stage nominal stress-strain model is developed for describing the compressive behavior of the post-brazing CHSs over the full strain range. This mechanical model is especially applicable to computer code implementation. Hence, an interactive computer pro- gram is developed to simultaneously optimize three strain hardening exponents （n1, n2, n3） in the expression of the model to produce the stress-strain curve capable of accurately replicating the test data. To further reduce the number of the model and material parameters on which this model depends, this paper also develops five expressions for determining the 2.5% proof stress （ap2）, n2, the ultimate compressive strength （σp3）, n3, and the ultimate plastic strain （p3%） for given experimental values of three basic material parameters （E0, σ0.01, σ0.2）. These expressions are validated to he effective for the CHSs with t/D 〉_ 0.027. The analytically predicted full-range stress-strain curves have generally shown close agreement with the ones obtained experimentally.

膨胀珍珠岩基相变混凝土柱轴压性能研究

相变混凝土受自身相变材料及其吸附材料强度的影响,其力学性能同普通混凝土相比存在差异。研究相变混凝土的轴压性能及其应用,对8根膨胀珍珠岩基相变混凝土柱进行了轴压性能试验,研究了相变骨料掺量、体积配箍率对相变混凝土柱的破坏模式,荷载-应变曲线及轴压承载力的影响。结果表明:膨胀珍珠岩基相变混凝土柱的破坏形态与普通混凝土柱的破坏形态相同。进一步对试件的荷载-应变曲线进行了分析,结果表明:相变混凝土柱的极限承载力和延性随着相变骨料掺量的增加而降低,随着体积配箍率的增加而提高。基于以上结果,采用规范中的相关计算式对试件承载力进行预测,同时基于约束效应和叠加原理,建立了极限承载力计算式,并将两种计算式的误差进行对比。

800MPa高强钢T形截面轴压构件极限承载力有限元分析

针对800MPa高强钢T形截面轴压构件失稳问题,基于ABAQUS软件建立有限元计算模型,分析残余应力、几何初始缺陷、翼缘宽厚比、腹板高厚比和构件长细比对构件极限承载力的影响,建立正则化长细比与整体稳定系数关系曲线,并将高强钢T形截面轴压构件极限承载力的模拟结果与GB50017—2017系列设计规范进行比较分析。结果表明:建立的有限元模型能够准确模拟试验构件的屈曲行为,残余应力峰值对短柱承载力影响较小,对大长细比构件的承载力影响较大;试件初弯曲和板件翘曲对小长细比构件极限承载力影响较大,随构件长细比增加,构件极限承载力随着翼缘宽厚比变化表现为敏感度降低,腹板的高厚比变化规律与之类似。计算得到的稳定系数与GB50017—2017中b类柱子曲线吻合较好,建议采用b类柱子曲线计算800MPa高强钢焊接T形截面轴压构件的极限承载力。

基于长短期记忆网络的FRP约束混凝土圆柱循环轴压应力-应变预测模型

纤维增强复合材料(Fiber reinforced polymer,FRP)已被广泛应用于既有混凝土结构的加固改造和新建结构中。FRP约束混凝土柱在地震作用下通常会受到轴压的往复循环作用,研究FRP约束混凝土在循环轴压作用下的应力-应变特性对于FRP在实际工程中的应用具有重要意义。该文提出了一种用于建模循环轴压下FRP约束混凝土柱应力-应变特性的神经网络预测模型,该模型采用长短期记忆(Long short-term memory,LSTM)单元对循环应力-应变曲线中的滞回特性进行建模,构件的物理参数被有效地集成在网络的输入中。该模型能以端到端的方式进行高效的训练且不依赖任何专家经验。制作了一个包含166个FRP约束普通混凝土柱的循环轴压数据库,在该数据库上对模型的准确性和鲁棒性进行了充分的评估,结果表明测试集平均预测误差仅为0.32 MPa。此外,对网络结构和超参数的影响进行了详细的讨论,结果表明该模型具有出色的预测性能。

圆钢管再生镍铁渣混凝土柱冲击性能试验

为研究掺镍铁渣钢管再生混凝土柱抗冲击性能,以粗骨料替代率、轴压比、落锤质量及冲击能量为变化参数,设计并制作了11根圆钢管再生混凝土柱。通过落锤冲击试验,得到了试件的破坏形态、位移时程曲线及冲击力时程曲线,研究了轴压比、粗骨料取代率、冲击能量和落锤质量对钢管再生混凝土柱侧向冲击性能的影响。结果表明:钢管再生混凝土柱抗冲击性能良好,能量吸收率基本恒定在67%左右;与取代率为0%相比,再生粗骨料取代率为30%时,试件跨中挠度平均降低8.9%;再生粗骨料取代率为70%时,试件跨中挠度平均降低11.4%;随着冲击能量的增加,试件跨中残余位移显著增大;轴压比在0~0.4以内,轴向力对钢管再生混凝土抗冲击性能有提高作用;落锤质量由330 kg增加至430 kg,冲击持续时间增加16%;套箍系数增大,跨中挠度减小。

7A04-T6铝合金矩管柱抗震性能研究

为研究7A04-T6铝合金矩管柱的抗震性能,在验证有限元模型可行性的基础上,对12根7A04-T6铝合金矩管在低周反复荷载下的加载过程进行模拟。根据模型计算结果分析长细比、轴压比及截面形式对7A04-T6铝合金矩管抗震性能影响,得出随着长细比、轴压比的增大,构件抗震性能变差,与加载方向对应的矩管柱腹板尺寸对其抗震性能起着主导作用。同时提出了可用于预测7A04-T6铝合金矩管抗震性能的骨架曲线模型,并验证了模型的准确性。

EPS轻质混凝土的应力-应变曲线试验研究

EPS(聚苯颗粒)混凝土是一种轻质、保温的新型墙体材料,通过对3组不同密度等级的EPS混凝土试样进行轴心受压试验,分析了其破坏形态、力学性能及应力-应变曲线。结果表明:EPS混凝土的破坏过程具有一定的韧性,随着密度等级的增加,混凝土刚度上升,抵抗弹性变形能力增加、脆性增强、破坏更加迅速。EPS混凝土的轴心受压应力-应变曲线分为上升段、下降段和斜直线段,在试验研究与理论分析的基础上,通过拟合相关系数,提出了应力-应变曲线函数表达式,拟合结果与试验曲线较吻合,为EPS混凝土后续相关研究提供了参考,具有重要意义。

Mechanical behaviour of wood compressed in radial direction-part I.New method of determining the yield stress of wood on the stress-strain curve

A test equipment was developed,which allows for real time observation of the deformation behav-ior of wood cellular structure under a compression load applied in radial direction.Compression tests were performed on jack pine(Pinus banksiana)and balsam poplar(Populus balsamifera)spec-imens to explore the relationship between the yield stress and the first failure occurring in wood cell layers during radial compression.The microstructural changes for P.banksiana and P.bal-samifera wood below and above the yield point were analyzed.The study results showed that for P.banksiana the first failure of wood cells occurred at the first earlywood layer,while for P.balsamifera it occurred at the layer with the largest vessels.The first failure of wood cell layer for each species tested was found to correspond to the yield point on the stress-strain curve.A new method of determining the yield stress for wood specimens under radial compression was developed.

沙漠砂再生骨料混凝土轴压应力-应变曲线研究

为研究沙漠砂对再生混凝土力学性能的影响,以再生骨料为粗骨料,分别采用0%、20%、40%和60%的沙漠砂取代普通河砂制备沙漠砂再生骨料混凝土圆柱体试件并开展轴心受压试验。采用试件表面粘贴应变片和外夹式LVDT位移传感器分别采集荷载峰前和峰后应变,消除试件开裂以及加载板间隙等因素对测量精度的影响,从而更准确地测得轴压应力-应变全曲线。研究结果表明:随着沙漠砂替代率的增加,沙漠砂再生骨料混凝土抗压强度、弹性模量和横向变形系数呈现先增大后降低的趋势,其中抗压强度和横向变形系数在沙漠砂掺量为20%时最大,弹性模量在沙漠砂掺量为40%时最大。沙漠砂再生骨料混凝土应力-应变全过程曲线的形状与普通混凝土相似,基于Carrerira D J模型和过镇海模型建立了沙漠砂再生骨料混凝土应力-应变本构方程,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。

冻融环境下沙漠砂再生混凝土的轴心抗压力学性能试验研究

为了研究沙漠砂再生混凝土(DSRC)在冻融环境下的耐久性能,探明沙漠砂(DS)和再生粗骨料(RCA)替代率对其冻融后力学性能的影响规律,并为DSRC在新疆等寒冷地区构件和结构设计提供数据支撑,对DSRC进行冻融后轴心抗压强度试验,分析冻融循环作用下DSRC质量损失率、动弹性模量损失率和应力-应变曲线的变化规律。结果表明:在冻融循环次数相同时,DSRC动弹性模量损失率、极限应变和弹性模量均小于普通混凝土,峰值应力大于普通混凝土;随着冻融循环次数增加,DSRC质量损失较小,动弹性模量损失率、峰值应变和极限应变均增加,峰值应力和弹性模量均减小;DS和RCA替代率分别为40%时,DSRC质量损失率和动弹性模量损失率分别为0.25%和27.50%,其抗冻性能最优;采用普通混凝土本构模型对DSRC应力-应变曲线进行拟合,相关控制参数表明曲线预测能力良好,可对冻融后DSRC的力学性能进行分析。